scholarly journals Rodent Brain Pathology, Audiogenic Epilepsy

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Irina B. Fedotova ◽  
Natalia M. Surina ◽  
Georgy M. Nikolaev ◽  
Alexandre V. Revishchin ◽  
Inga I. Poletaeva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Audiogenic Seizures ◽  
Audiogenic Seizure ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Audiogenic Epilepsy ◽  
Rodent Brain ◽  
Numerous Experimental Data ◽  
Internal Relationship

The review presents data which provides evidence for the internal relationship between the stages of rodent audiogenic seizures and post-ictal catalepsy with the general pattern of animal reaction to the dangerous stimuli and/or situation. The wild run stage of audiogenic seizure fit could be regarded as an intense panic reaction, and this view found support in numerous experimental data. The phenomenon of audiogenic epilepsy probably attracted the attention of physiologists as rodents are extremely sensitive to dangerous sound stimuli. The seizure proneness in this group shares common physiological characteristics and depends on animal genotype. This concept could be the new platform for the study of epileptogenesis mechanisms.

scholarly journals HMGA Proteins in Stemness and Differentiation of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Parisi ◽  
Silvia Piscitelli ◽  
Fabiana Passaro ◽  
Tommaso Russo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Architectural Proteins ◽  
Numerous Experimental Data

HMGA1 and HMGA2 are chromatin architectural proteins that do not have transcriptional activity per se, but are able to modify chromatin structure by interacting with the transcriptional machinery and thus negatively or positively regulate the transcription of several genes. They have been extensively studied in cancer where they are often found to be overexpressed but their functions under physiologic conditions have still not been completely addressed. Hmga1 and Hmga2 are expressed during the early stages of mouse development, whereas they are not detectable in most adult tissues. Hmga overexpression or knockout studies in mouse have pointed to a key function in the development of the embryo and of various tissues. HMGA proteins are expressed in embryonic stem cells and in some adult stem cells and numerous experimental data have indicated that they play a fundamental role in the maintenance of stemness and in the regulation of differentiation. In this review, we discuss available experimental data on HMGA1 and HMGA2 functions in governing embryonic and adult stem cell fate. Moreover, based on the available evidence, we will aim to outline how HMGA expression is regulated in different contexts and how these two proteins contribute to the regulation of gene expression and chromatin architecture in stem cells.

scholarly journals Fungal Bioweathering of Mimetite and a General Geomycological Model for Lead Apatite Mineral Biotransformations

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (15) ◽  
pp. 4955-4964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ceci ◽  
Martin Kierans ◽  
Stephen Hillier ◽  
Anna Maria Persiani ◽  
Geoffrey Michael Gadd
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Geochemical Modeling ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lead Arsenate ◽  
Metal Stabilization

ABSTRACTFungi play important roles in biogeochemical processes such as organic matter decomposition, bioweathering of minerals and rocks, and metal transformations and therefore influence elemental cycles for essential and potentially toxic elements, e.g., P, S, Pb, and As. Arsenic is a potentially toxic metalloid for most organisms and naturally occurs in trace quantities in soil, rocks, water, air, and living organisms. Among more than 300 arsenic minerals occurring in nature, mimetite [Pb5(AsO4)3Cl] is the most stable lead arsenate and holds considerable promise in metal stabilization forin situandex situsequestration and remediation through precipitation, as do other insoluble lead apatites, such as pyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl] and vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl]. Despite the insolubility of mimetite, the organic acid-producing soil fungusAspergillus nigerwas able to solubilize mimetite with simultaneous precipitation of lead oxalate as a new mycogenic biomineral. Since fungal biotransformation of both pyromorphite and vanadinite has been previously documented, a new biogeochemical model for the biogenic transformation of lead apatites (mimetite, pyromorphite, and vanadinite) by fungi is hypothesized in this study by application of geochemical modeling together with experimental data. The models closely agreed with experimental data and provided accurate simulation of As and Pb complexation and biomineral formation dependent on, e.g., pH, cation-anion composition, and concentration. A general pattern for fungal biotransformation of lead apatite minerals is proposed, proving new understanding of ecological implications of the biogeochemical cycling of component elements as well as industrial applications in metal stabilization, bioremediation, and biorecovery.

scholarly journals Adrenergic Mechanisms of Audiogenic Seizure-Induced Death in a Mouse Model of SCN8A Encephalopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Wengert ◽  
Ian C. Wenker ◽  
Elizabeth L. Wagner ◽  
Pravin K. Wagley ◽  
Ronald P. Gaykema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Audiogenic Seizures ◽  
Audiogenic Seizure ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Spontaneous Seizures ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Insight Into

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death amongst patients whose seizures are not adequately controlled by current therapies. Patients with SCN8A encephalopathy have an elevated risk for SUDEP. While transgenic mouse models have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of SCN8A encephalopathy etiology, our understanding of seizure-induced death has been hampered by the inability to reliably trigger both seizures and seizure-induced death in these mice. Here, we demonstrate that mice harboring an Scn8a allele with the patient-derived mutation N1768D (D/+) are susceptible to audiogenic seizures and seizure-induced death. In adult D/+ mice, audiogenic seizures are non-fatal and have nearly identical behavioral, electrographical, and cardiorespiratory characteristics as spontaneous seizures. In contrast, at postnatal days 20–21, D/+ mice exhibit the same seizure behavior, but have a significantly higher incidence of seizure-induced death following an audiogenic seizure. Seizure-induced death was prevented by either stimulating breathing via mechanical ventilation or by acute activation of adrenergic receptors. Conversely, in adult D/+ mice inhibition of adrenergic receptors converted normally non-fatal audiogenic seizures into fatal seizures. Taken together, our studies show that in our novel audiogenic seizure-induced death model adrenergic receptor activation is necessary and sufficient for recovery of breathing and prevention of seizure-induced death.

Effects of sex hormone manipulation on audiogenic seizures

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Werboff ◽  
John B. Corcoran
Keyword(s):  
Audiogenic Seizures ◽  
Audiogenic Seizure ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hormone Balance ◽  
Threshold Conditions ◽  
Testosterone Administration

Albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain exhibited an unusual sex incidence to audiogenic seizures, with females more susceptible than males. It was predicted that altering the sex hormone balance by means of surgical intervention or hormonal injection would alter their seizure susceptibility. Male rats were castrated and then received injections of estradiol (100 RU) and progesterone (0.5 mg). Female rats received testosterone (1.0 and 2.0 mg) and were later ovariectomized. Audiogenic seizure tests under two threshold conditions were conducted prior to and during the respective hormonal treatments. Each group was used as its own control. The results indicated that castration of the males had little effect on seizure responses. Estradiol administration resulted in an increase in seizure responses. In the females, testosterone administration and ovariectomy resulted in a decrease in seizure responses. It was concluded that sex hormones either exert a direct effect or mediate the control of audiogenic seizure responses in rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain.

Effect of DDT or Parathion on Audiogenic Seizures of Offspring from Ddt- or Parathion-Treated Mothers

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1183-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazi M. Al-Hachim ◽  
Gregory B. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Audiogenic Seizures ◽  
Audiogenic Seizure ◽  
High Incidence

DDT, Parathion, or corn oil (control) was administered to gravid mice during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Incidence of audiogenic seizure was used to study the effect of the insecticides in the offspring. These compounds affected the maturation of the nervous system regardless of the stage of pregnancy during which they were administered. The high incidence of seizures in all of the groups of offspring had passed by 28 days of age. The insecticides did not influence the percentage of incidence after 20 days of age.

Influence of Decreased Ambient Oxygen on Susceptibility of Rats to Audiogenic Seizures

1956 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-572
Author(s):  
Walter G. Mitchell ◽  
Fred A. Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Audiogenic Seizures ◽  
Audiogenic Seizure ◽  
Seizure Susceptibility ◽  
Excitatory Effect ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

Male Wistar rats were tested for audiogenic seizure susceptibility at various levels of decreased ambient oxygen. At 15.9% and 12.3% oxygen, the number of seizures occurring were approximately the same as the controls. Enhancement of seizure susceptibility occurred at 14.5% ambient oxygen, indicating a preliminary excitatory effect. Oxygen levels of 9.6% and below resulted in inhibition of seizures. The over-all picture was that of a biphasic effect of oxygen lack on audiogenic seizure susceptibility.

Ion-Ion Pairs in the Superionic Conductors

1990 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei E. Sigaryov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Superionic Conductors ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Numerous Experimental Data

AbstractOn the base of numerous experimental data and theoretical approaches it is shown that ion-ion pairs with the intrapair distance about a sum of the corresponding ionic radii is the feature of charge transfer in the superionic conductors.

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