Effect of DDT or Parathion on Audiogenic Seizures of Offspring from Ddt- or Parathion-Treated Mothers

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1183-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazi M. Al-Hachim ◽  
Gregory B. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Audiogenic Seizures ◽  
Audiogenic Seizure ◽  
High Incidence

DDT, Parathion, or corn oil (control) was administered to gravid mice during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Incidence of audiogenic seizure was used to study the effect of the insecticides in the offspring. These compounds affected the maturation of the nervous system regardless of the stage of pregnancy during which they were administered. The high incidence of seizures in all of the groups of offspring had passed by 28 days of age. The insecticides did not influence the percentage of incidence after 20 days of age.

scholarly journals Rodent Brain Pathology, Audiogenic Epilepsy

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Irina B. Fedotova ◽  
Natalia M. Surina ◽  
Georgy M. Nikolaev ◽  
Alexandre V. Revishchin ◽  
Inga I. Poletaeva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Audiogenic Seizures ◽  
Audiogenic Seizure ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Audiogenic Epilepsy ◽  
Rodent Brain ◽  
Numerous Experimental Data ◽  
Internal Relationship

The review presents data which provides evidence for the internal relationship between the stages of rodent audiogenic seizures and post-ictal catalepsy with the general pattern of animal reaction to the dangerous stimuli and/or situation. The wild run stage of audiogenic seizure fit could be regarded as an intense panic reaction, and this view found support in numerous experimental data. The phenomenon of audiogenic epilepsy probably attracted the attention of physiologists as rodents are extremely sensitive to dangerous sound stimuli. The seizure proneness in this group shares common physiological characteristics and depends on animal genotype. This concept could be the new platform for the study of epileptogenesis mechanisms.

scholarly journals The incidence and pathophysiology of neurological symptoms in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Igor V. Litvinenko ◽  
Miroslav M. Odinak ◽  
Nikolay V. Tsygan ◽  
Aleksander V. Ryabtsev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The central nervous system seems to be quite vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, leading to a variety of alteration pathways, high incidence and variability of the neurological symptoms of COVID-19. The COVID-19 symptoms, possibly associated with alteration to the central nervous system, include hyperthermia, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, dizziness, dysphonia, dysphagia, hyposmia and anosmia, hypogeusia and ageusia, impairment of consciousness. The impairment of olfaction and gustation are the most common symptoms of the nervous system alteration (98% and 70%, respectively), which is most likely a consequence of the alteration of the receptors. Presumably the pathogenesis of dysphonia and dysphagia may involve neurodegenerative mechanisms or may be associated with a predominantly demyelinating alteration of the caudal cranial nerves. Pathomorphological findings in the brain of the COVID-19 patients include diffuse hypoxic and focal ischemic injuries of various sizes up to ischemic infarctions (in thrombosis of large arteries); microangiopathy; vasculitis; diapedetic and confluent hemorrhages with possible progression to hemorrhagic infarctions and rarely intracerebral hematomas. Acute cerebrovascular accident worsens the course of COVID-19 and can worsen the clinical outcome, taking into account the mechanisms of the central nervous system alteration in highly contagious coronavirus infections (SARS-CoV, MERS, SARS-CoV-2), including embolism, hypoxia, neurodegeneration, systemic inflammatory response and immune-mediated alteartion to the nervous tissue. A fairly rare complication of coronavirus infection, however, acute myelitis requires attention due to the severity of neurological disorders. The literature data show high incidence and polymorphism of the symptoms of the central nervous system alteration, as well as the important role of the cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathogenesis of brain alteration in COVID-19, which is taken into account in examining and treating the patients with new coronavirus infection. (1 figure, bibliography: 61 refs)

Absence ofCXCR4mutations but high incidence of double mutant inCD79A/BandMYD88in primary central nervous system lymphoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Poulain ◽  
Eileen M. Boyle ◽  
Sabine Tricot ◽  
Hélène Demarquette ◽  
Emmanuelle Doye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
High Incidence

scholarly journals Adrenergic Mechanisms of Audiogenic Seizure-Induced Death in a Mouse Model of SCN8A Encephalopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Wengert ◽  
Ian C. Wenker ◽  
Elizabeth L. Wagner ◽  
Pravin K. Wagley ◽  
Ronald P. Gaykema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Audiogenic Seizures ◽  
Audiogenic Seizure ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Spontaneous Seizures ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Insight Into

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death amongst patients whose seizures are not adequately controlled by current therapies. Patients with SCN8A encephalopathy have an elevated risk for SUDEP. While transgenic mouse models have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of SCN8A encephalopathy etiology, our understanding of seizure-induced death has been hampered by the inability to reliably trigger both seizures and seizure-induced death in these mice. Here, we demonstrate that mice harboring an Scn8a allele with the patient-derived mutation N1768D (D/+) are susceptible to audiogenic seizures and seizure-induced death. In adult D/+ mice, audiogenic seizures are non-fatal and have nearly identical behavioral, electrographical, and cardiorespiratory characteristics as spontaneous seizures. In contrast, at postnatal days 20–21, D/+ mice exhibit the same seizure behavior, but have a significantly higher incidence of seizure-induced death following an audiogenic seizure. Seizure-induced death was prevented by either stimulating breathing via mechanical ventilation or by acute activation of adrenergic receptors. Conversely, in adult D/+ mice inhibition of adrenergic receptors converted normally non-fatal audiogenic seizures into fatal seizures. Taken together, our studies show that in our novel audiogenic seizure-induced death model adrenergic receptor activation is necessary and sufficient for recovery of breathing and prevention of seizure-induced death.

Effects of sex hormone manipulation on audiogenic seizures

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Werboff ◽  
John B. Corcoran
Keyword(s):  
Audiogenic Seizures ◽  
Audiogenic Seizure ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hormone Balance ◽  
Threshold Conditions ◽  
Testosterone Administration

Albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain exhibited an unusual sex incidence to audiogenic seizures, with females more susceptible than males. It was predicted that altering the sex hormone balance by means of surgical intervention or hormonal injection would alter their seizure susceptibility. Male rats were castrated and then received injections of estradiol (100 RU) and progesterone (0.5 mg). Female rats received testosterone (1.0 and 2.0 mg) and were later ovariectomized. Audiogenic seizure tests under two threshold conditions were conducted prior to and during the respective hormonal treatments. Each group was used as its own control. The results indicated that castration of the males had little effect on seizure responses. Estradiol administration resulted in an increase in seizure responses. In the females, testosterone administration and ovariectomy resulted in a decrease in seizure responses. It was concluded that sex hormones either exert a direct effect or mediate the control of audiogenic seizure responses in rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain.

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