scholarly journals Comparison of Smoothing Filters’ Influence on Quality of Data Recorded with the Emotiv EPOC Flex Brain–Computer Interface Headset during Audio Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Natalia Browarska ◽  
Aleksandra Kawala-Sterniuk ◽  
Jaroslaw Zygarlicki ◽  
Michal Podpora ◽  
Mariusz Pelc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Data Filtering ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Clinical Level ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Acquisition Method

Off-the-shelf, consumer-grade EEG equipment is nowadays becoming the first-choice equipment for many scientists when it comes to recording brain waves for research purposes. On one hand, this is perfectly understandable due to its availability and relatively low cost (especially in comparison to some clinical-level EEG devices), but, on the other hand, quality of the recorded signals is gradually increasing and reaching levels that were offered just a few years ago by much more expensive devices used in medicine for diagnostic purposes. In many cases, a well-designed filter and/or a well-thought signal acquisition method improve the signal quality to the level that it becomes good enough to become subject of further analysis allowing to formulate some valid scientific theories and draw far-fetched conclusions related to human brain operation. In this paper, we propose a smoothing filter based upon the Savitzky–Golay filter for the purpose of EEG signal filtering. Additionally, we provide a summary and comparison of the applied filter to some other approaches to EEG data filtering. All the analyzed signals were acquired from subjects performing visually involving high-concentration tasks with audio stimuli using Emotiv EPOC Flex equipment.

scholarly journals BUDGET UAV SYSTEMS FOR THE PROSPECTION OF SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SCALE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 971-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ostrowski ◽  
K. Hanus
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
The Cost ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Operational Range

One of the popular uses of UAVs in photogrammetry is providing an archaeological documentation. A wide offer of low-cost (consumer) grade UAVs, as well as the popularity of user-friendly photogrammetric software allowing obtaining satisfying results, contribute to facilitating the process of preparing documentation for small archaeological sites. However, using solutions of this kind is much more problematic for larger areas. The limited possibilities of autonomous flight makes it significantly harder to obtain data for areas too large to be covered during a single mission. Moreover, sometimes the platforms used are not equipped with telemetry systems, which makes navigating and guaranteeing a similar quality of data during separate flights difficult. The simplest solution is using a better UAV, however the cost of devices of such type often exceeds the financial capabilities of archaeological expeditions. <br><br> The aim of this article is to present methodology allowing obtaining data for medium scale areas using only a basic UAV. The proposed methodology assumes using a simple multirotor, not equipped with any flight planning system or telemetry. Navigating of the platform is based solely on live-view images sent from the camera attached to the UAV. The presented survey was carried out using a simple GoPro camera which, from the perspective of photogrammetric use, was not the optimal configuration due to the fish eye geometry of the camera. Another limitation is the actual operational range of UAVs which in the case of cheaper systems, rarely exceeds 1 kilometre and is in fact often much smaller. Therefore the surveyed area must be divided into sub-blocks which correspond to the range of the drone. It is inconvenient since the blocks must overlap, so that they will later be merged during their processing. This increases the length of required flights as well as the computing power necessary to process a greater number of images. <br><br> These issues make prospection highly inconvenient, but not impossible. Our paper presents our experiences through two case studies: surveys conducted in Nepal under the aegis of UNESCO, and works carried out as a part of a Polish archaeological expedition in Cyprus, which both prove that the proposed methodology allows obtaining satisfying results. The article is an important voice in the ongoing debate between commercial and academic archaeologists who discuss the balance between the required standards of conducting archaeological works and economic capabilities of archaeological missions.

STUDI TENTANG KUALITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI PUSKESMAS CIAWI KABUPATEN BOGOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Siti Munispa ◽  
Chairul Amri ◽  
Rita Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Quality Of Health Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Primary Health Care System ◽  
The Public ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Quality Health

Community Health Centres (Puskesmas) is the primary health care system that serves patients in general and patients with health insurance card (BPJS). Low cost is the reason that community choose Puskesmas as the first choice for medical treatment. However, there are many patients who complain about the lack of quality health services on Puskesmas. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the quality of health service on Puskesmas. This study took place in Puskesmas Ciawi, Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The research used descriptive method and qualitative approach. Data was collected by bibliography study, observation, and interview. The results showed that the quality of health care on Puskesmas Ciawi still has some drawbacks, namely a less comfortable lounge area, a limited number of toilets, the less friendly clerk. Most community health service users view the service of process than the outcome and image. Therefore, the results of this study recommend that the quality of health care is determined by the ability of management and hospital medical committee including head of  Puskesmas in maintaining the reputation of the institution and the public trust.     Key words: Service Quality, Health Center, Reputation Institute, a medical committee

scholarly journals Modern Approaches to Greening the Urban Environment (on the Example of the Shevchenkovsky District, Kharkov)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Inventory Map

Purpose. Scientific and practical justification for the introduction of plantings of ornamental perennial cereals and roses of a landscape group in the urban system of the Shevchenkovsky district, Kharkov. Methods For inventory of lawn stands, ArcGIS software was used. The basis for creating an inventory map of lawn stands was two basic maps - “Basemap Imagery” and “OpenStreetMap. The calculation of the total area of the research objects was carried out by using the Attribute Table. Assessment of the design coverage and constitutional structure of the species composition of lawn stands was carried out by A. A. Laptev and E. V. Avdeev. Observation of the ecological state of urban rose gardens was carried out by route examination, the presence of pathologies was determined visually. To determine the optimization measures, the SWOT analysis method was used. Results. An inventory map of urban lawn stands was developed. According to the results of a visual assessment, the T. G. Shevchenko city garden is the standard of landscaping in many territories and has a high level of quality of lawn stands. "23 August" Square sections of lawn populations near the Botanical garden station metro, square on the Klochkovskaya street includes areas of lawn stands with an excellent, good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory level of quality. The surface of Sargin Yar is well planned, the sites have an excellent, good and satisfactory level of quality. Based on the results of lawn stands comprehensive assessment, maps of the quality levels of urban lawn stands for the main recreational zones of the Shevchenkovsky district have been developed. The use of decorative cereals in particular, the impregnation of cylindrical, Chinese Miscanthus, feather grass feather, cane falaris, lightning blue is proposed. Using the SWOT analysis method, the strengths and weaknesses of the lawn stands of the Shevchenkovsky district, the possibilities and risks of their creation are determined. According to the results of an integrated ecological assessment of the varieties of landscape roses "Cordula" and "Tornado", the feasibility of their use in urban gardening is shown. Keeping these varieties in container culture can positively affect the artistic expressiveness of the urban sulfur, will provide a "high concentration of beauty" and solve the problems of wintering. Conclusions. Taking into account the principle of relevance in order to minimize the cost of further supporting the urban landscape, it is possible to develop cost-effective projects for landscaping areas with an unsatisfactory level of quality of lawn cover using decorative cereals. The proposed types of cereal plants are resistant to environmental factors, unpretentious, require minimal maintenance, have a high aesthetic appeal and decorativeness, low cost of creation.

scholarly journals BUDGET UAV SYSTEMS FOR THE PROSPECTION OF SMALL- AND MEDIUM-SCALE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 971-977
Author(s):  
W. Ostrowski ◽  
K. Hanus
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
The Cost ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Operational Range

One of the popular uses of UAVs in photogrammetry is providing an archaeological documentation. A wide offer of low-cost (consumer) grade UAVs, as well as the popularity of user-friendly photogrammetric software allowing obtaining satisfying results, contribute to facilitating the process of preparing documentation for small archaeological sites. However, using solutions of this kind is much more problematic for larger areas. The limited possibilities of autonomous flight makes it significantly harder to obtain data for areas too large to be covered during a single mission. Moreover, sometimes the platforms used are not equipped with telemetry systems, which makes navigating and guaranteeing a similar quality of data during separate flights difficult. The simplest solution is using a better UAV, however the cost of devices of such type often exceeds the financial capabilities of archaeological expeditions. <br><br> The aim of this article is to present methodology allowing obtaining data for medium scale areas using only a basic UAV. The proposed methodology assumes using a simple multirotor, not equipped with any flight planning system or telemetry. Navigating of the platform is based solely on live-view images sent from the camera attached to the UAV. The presented survey was carried out using a simple GoPro camera which, from the perspective of photogrammetric use, was not the optimal configuration due to the fish eye geometry of the camera. Another limitation is the actual operational range of UAVs which in the case of cheaper systems, rarely exceeds 1 kilometre and is in fact often much smaller. Therefore the surveyed area must be divided into sub-blocks which correspond to the range of the drone. It is inconvenient since the blocks must overlap, so that they will later be merged during their processing. This increases the length of required flights as well as the computing power necessary to process a greater number of images. <br><br> These issues make prospection highly inconvenient, but not impossible. Our paper presents our experiences through two case studies: surveys conducted in Nepal under the aegis of UNESCO, and works carried out as a part of a Polish archaeological expedition in Cyprus, which both prove that the proposed methodology allows obtaining satisfying results. The article is an important voice in the ongoing debate between commercial and academic archaeologists who discuss the balance between the required standards of conducting archaeological works and economic capabilities of archaeological missions.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Based on Intelligent Electronic Medical Arthroscopy for the Treatment of Varus Knee Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chunfeng Liu ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Jinlian Liu ◽  
Yaozeng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Male Patients

The incidence of inverted knee osteoarthritis is slowly increasing, there are technical limitations in the treatment, and the operation is difficult. In this article, we will study the benefits and costs of arthroscopic cleaning treatments based on intelligent electronic medicine. This article focuses on knee osteoarthritis patients in the EL database. There are 12 male patients, accounting for 66.67%, and 6 female patients, accounting for 33.33%. The average body mass index (BMI) of the patients was 28.08, the average time from first knee discomfort to surgery was 28.44 months, and the average time of arthroscopic debridement treatment for patients with VKOH knee osteoarthritis was 143.11 minutes. One case of perioperative complication occurred within 35 days after operation, which was a soleus muscle intermuscular venous thrombosis. After immobilization and enhanced anticoagulation for 1 week, it was stable without risk of shedding. The average postoperative study time was 20.00 months. The electronic medical arthroscopy cleaning treatment plan in this article can greatly improve the quality of life of patients and can check the pathological state in time, with low cost. In the course of treatment, comprehensive treatment costs can be saved by 45%. Arthroscopic clean-up treatment can not only reduce knee pain and other uncomfortable symptoms, restore normal knee joint function, and improve the quality of life of patients, but also correct the unequal length of the lower limbs, thereby avoiding spinal degeneration caused by knee instability. Therefore, it is the first choice for the treatment of advanced knee osteoarthritis in patients with VKOH.

scholarly journals REGIONS WITH HIGH CONCENTRATION OF SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS: PROBLEMS OF DATA QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
И. Антонова ◽  
I. Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Territorial Division ◽  
Zipf Law ◽  
Selective Character

With all the diversity of studies of single-industry towns’ development problems, little attention has been given to the quality of statistical data: neither the selective character of official statistics nor the difference between a single-industry town and a municipality are taken into account. The latter makes it impossible to use mathematical methods to simulate the spatial development of towns. The purpose of the current research is to identify the problems of assessment for regions with high concentration of monotowns and to introduce some ways of improving the quality of data by using the case of the Kemerovo region. Research methods include collection and grouping of data on the single-industry towns of the Kemerovo region taking into account the administrative-territorial division of the region, the construction of the logarithmic model of distribution of cities and towns according to the «rank-size» rule and evaluation compliance of the received distribution with the Zipf rule. As a result of research, the author proposes directions of improvement of data on towns and obtained results. In particular, the study specifies the conformity of Kuzbass towns to the Zipf law. The results can be applied in the field of forecasting and management of single-industry towns’ development at the regional level.

Transforming Biomedical Applications Through Smart Sensing and Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
pp. 186-204
Author(s):  
Harini Akshaya T. J. ◽  
Suresh V. ◽  
Carmel Sobia M.
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cloud Computing Environment ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Exchange Data

Electronic health records (EHR) have been adopted in many countries as they tend to play a major role in the healthcare systems. This is due to the fact that the high quality of data could be achieved at a very low cost. EHR is a platform where the data are stored digitally and the users could access and exchange data in a secured manner. The main objective of this chapter is to summarize recent development in wearable sensors integrated with the internet of things (IoT) system and their application to monitor patients with chronic disease and older people in their homes and community. The records are transmitted digitally through wireless communication devices through gateways and stored in the cloud computing environment.

scholarly journals Structure and Performance Analysis of Signal Acquisition and Doppler Tracking in LEO Augmented GNSS Receiver

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Li Cheng ◽  
Yonghong Dai ◽  
Wenfei Guo ◽  
Jiansheng Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Gnss Receiver ◽  
Doppler Tracking ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Acquisition Method

Due to the low signal power, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal is vulnerable to interference and even cannot be captured or tracked in harsh environments. As an alternative, the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite has been widely used in the navigation field due to the advantages of low cost and strong signals. It is becoming a significant component of the new combined navigation system with GNSS. The combination of an LEO Doppler signal and GNSS observables can improve the positioning accuracy and high-precision positioning convergence time of the GNSS receiver. However, the GNSS signal receiving capability cannot be improved from this data fusion level. We propose a novel assisted structure where GNSS signal acquisition and Doppler tracking are assisted by LEO Doppler positioning. The receiver uses the LEO signal to achieve Doppler positioning firstly. Then, the coarse position with the GNSS navigation messages received from LEO, as well as the estimated clock information, is used to assist in the acquisition and tracking of GNSS. In this way, the GNSS receiver’s sensitivity can get the benefit from this integrated system. The paper presents the structure of the assisted receiver and analyzes the assisted GNSS signal acquisition and carrier tracking performance in detail. Simulation experiments of this assisted structure are carried out to verify its superiority of acquisition and tracking sensitivity in comparison with standalone GNSS receivers. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed acquisition method can achieve 90% detection probability at a carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0) of 15 dB-Hz, which is about 8 dB higher than the conventional acquisition method without assistance; the proposed tracking method can track weak signals of 5 dB-Hz, which is about 4 dB higher than the conventional method. Therefore, this novel LEO-assisted receiver has significantly improved weak signal acquisition and tracking sensitivity.

Methods to Monitor and Improve the Performance of Specimen Holders for Transmission Electron Cryomicroscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
B. L. Armbruster ◽  
B. Kraus ◽  
M. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Electron Cryomicroscopy ◽  
Thermal Equilibration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One goal in electron microscopy of biological specimens is to improve the quality of data to equal the resolution capabilities of modem transmission electron microscopes. Radiation damage and beam- induced movement caused by charging of the sample, low image contrast at high resolution, and sensitivity to external vibration and drift in side entry specimen holders limit the effective resolution one can achieve. Several methods have been developed to address these limitations: cryomethods are widely employed to preserve and stabilize specimens against some of the adverse effects of the vacuum and electron beam irradiation, spot-scan imaging reduces charging and associated beam-induced movement, and energy-filtered imaging removes the “fog” caused by inelastic scattering of electrons which is particularly pronounced in thick specimens.Although most cryoholders can easily achieve a 3.4Å resolution specification, information perpendicular to the goniometer axis may be degraded due to vibration. Absolute drift after mechanical and thermal equilibration as well as drift after movement of a holder may cause loss of resolution in any direction.

Effect of Computerized Auditory Training on Speech Perception of Adults With Hearing Impairment

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pizarek ◽  
Valeriy Shafiro ◽  
Patricia McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Communicative Disorders ◽  
And Training

Computerized auditory training (CAT) is a convenient, low-cost approach to improving communication of individuals with hearing loss or other communicative disorders. A number of CAT programs are being marketed to patients and audiologists. The present literature review is an examination of evidence for the effectiveness of CAT in improving speech perception in adults with hearing impairments. Six current CAT programs, used in 9 published studies, were reviewed. In all 9 studies, some benefit of CAT for speech perception was demonstrated. Although these results are encouraging, the overall quality of available evidence remains low, and many programs currently on the market have not yet been evaluated. Thus, caution is needed when selecting CAT programs for specific patients. It is hoped that future researchers will (a) examine a greater number of CAT programs using more rigorous experimental designs, (b) determine which program features and training regimens are most effective, and (c) indicate which patients may benefit from CAT the most.

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