scholarly journals REGIONS WITH HIGH CONCENTRATION OF SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS: PROBLEMS OF DATA QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
И. Антонова ◽  
I. Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Territorial Division ◽  
Zipf Law ◽  
Selective Character

With all the diversity of studies of single-industry towns’ development problems, little attention has been given to the quality of statistical data: neither the selective character of official statistics nor the difference between a single-industry town and a municipality are taken into account. The latter makes it impossible to use mathematical methods to simulate the spatial development of towns. The purpose of the current research is to identify the problems of assessment for regions with high concentration of monotowns and to introduce some ways of improving the quality of data by using the case of the Kemerovo region. Research methods include collection and grouping of data on the single-industry towns of the Kemerovo region taking into account the administrative-territorial division of the region, the construction of the logarithmic model of distribution of cities and towns according to the «rank-size» rule and evaluation compliance of the received distribution with the Zipf rule. As a result of research, the author proposes directions of improvement of data on towns and obtained results. In particular, the study specifies the conformity of Kuzbass towns to the Zipf law. The results can be applied in the field of forecasting and management of single-industry towns’ development at the regional level.

Problems of Iatrogenic Crimes Qualification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.V. Pitulko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
The Difference

The article reveals the features of the distinction between criminal and non-criminal circumstances, leading to a patient treatment unfavorable outcome. The aim of the research undertaken is to identify the nature and degree of social danger of professional negligence in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The article analyzes statistical data characterizing the dynamics of bringing doctors and other medical workers to criminal responsibility for committing crimes that caused harm to the life and health of patients. The organic connection of iatrogenic crimes with defects in the quality of medical care and improper performance of professional duties by medical workers is argued. The author reveals the difference between the causes of death and deterioration in the health of persons seeking medical assistance, and analyzes the practice of termination of medical workers criminal prosecution on rehabilitating grounds. On the basis of materials of modern judicial practice, it is proved that there is no need to separate the category «iatrogenic crimes» in the criminal law. A differentiated approach to qualification of adverse treatment outcomes seems promising. The author proposes detailing the legal liability of medical workers and medical organizations, depending on the criminal or non-criminal nature of the circumstances of causing harm to the life and health of the patient.

Mitigating imperfect data validity in administrative data PSIs: a method for estimating true adverse event rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien Boussat ◽  
Hude Quan ◽  
Jose Labarere ◽  
Danielle Southern ◽  
Chantal M Couris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Report Cards ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Imperfect Data ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Event Rates

Abstract Question Are there ways to mitigate the challenges associated with imperfect data validity in Patient Safety Indicator (PSI) report cards? Findings Applying a methodological framework on simulated PSI report card data, we compare the adjusted PSI rates of three hospitals with variable quality of data and coding. This framework combines (i) a measure of PSI rates using existing algorithms; (ii) a medical record review on a small random sample of charts to produce a measure of hospital-specific data validity and (iii) a simple Bayesian calculation to derive estimated true PSI rates. For example, the estimated true PSI rate, for a theoretical hospital with a moderately good quality of coding, could be three times as high as the measured rate (for example, 1.4% rather than 0.5%). For a theoretical hospital with relatively poor quality of coding, the difference could be 50-fold (for example, 5.0% rather than 0.1%). Meaning Combining a medical chart review on a limited number of medical charts at the hospital level creates an approach to producing health system report cards with estimates of true hospital-level adverse event rates.

scholarly journals Comparison of Smoothing Filters’ Influence on Quality of Data Recorded with the Emotiv EPOC Flex Brain–Computer Interface Headset during Audio Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Natalia Browarska ◽  
Aleksandra Kawala-Sterniuk ◽  
Jaroslaw Zygarlicki ◽  
Michal Podpora ◽  
Mariusz Pelc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Data Filtering ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Clinical Level ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Eeg Data ◽  
Acquisition Method

Off-the-shelf, consumer-grade EEG equipment is nowadays becoming the first-choice equipment for many scientists when it comes to recording brain waves for research purposes. On one hand, this is perfectly understandable due to its availability and relatively low cost (especially in comparison to some clinical-level EEG devices), but, on the other hand, quality of the recorded signals is gradually increasing and reaching levels that were offered just a few years ago by much more expensive devices used in medicine for diagnostic purposes. In many cases, a well-designed filter and/or a well-thought signal acquisition method improve the signal quality to the level that it becomes good enough to become subject of further analysis allowing to formulate some valid scientific theories and draw far-fetched conclusions related to human brain operation. In this paper, we propose a smoothing filter based upon the Savitzky–Golay filter for the purpose of EEG signal filtering. Additionally, we provide a summary and comparison of the applied filter to some other approaches to EEG data filtering. All the analyzed signals were acquired from subjects performing visually involving high-concentration tasks with audio stimuli using Emotiv EPOC Flex equipment.

scholarly journals Quality of INTRASTAT DATA. Comparison Between the ‘Old’ and the ‘New’ EU Member States

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (341) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Markowicz ◽  
Paweł Baran
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
States Data ◽  
New Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The Intrastat system is used for gathering statistical data on trade in goods between the EU Member States. Data from all the Member States are aggregated by Eurostat. Specifics of the data collection process are different in different countries and that is why mirror data (regarding by default the same transactions revealed in statistics of both the acquirer and supplier country) often do not match. The goal of the analysis conducted was to assess the quality of data on intra‑Community trade in goods between the ‘old’ fifteen and the ‘new’ EU Member States as well as to point out these directions that influenced the observed differences in mirror data the most. The paper is a follow‑up of previous research on the quality of foreign trade data.

scholarly journals Outlier Detection in Climatology Time Series with Sliding Window Prediction

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 966-970
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Complete Operation

It is important to identify outliers for climatology series data. With better quality of data decision capability will improve which in turn will improve the complete operation. An algorithm utilising the sliding window prediction method is being proposed to improve the data decision capability in this paper. The time series are parted in accordance with the size of sliding window. Thereafter a prediction model is rooted with the help of historical data to forecast the new values. There is a pre decided threshold value which will be compared to the difference of predicted and measured value. If the difference is greater than a predefined threshold then the specific point will be treated as an outlier. Results from experiment are showing that the algorithm is identifying the outliers in climatology time series data and also remodeling the correction efficiency.

Tem analysis of multiple-energy arsenic implanted and Rta'd silicon

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
R.A. Herring
Keyword(s):  
Device Fabrication ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Defect Clusters ◽  
High Fluences ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Factor Type

Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of ion-implanted Si is important for device fabrication. The defect structures of 2.5, 4.0, and 6.0 MeV As-implanted silicon irradiated to fluences of 2E14, 4E14, and 6E14, respectively, have been analyzed by electron diffraction both before and after RTA at 1100°C for 10 seconds. At such high fluences and energies the implanted As ions change the Si from crystalline to amorphous. Three distinct amorphous regions emerge due to the three implantation energies used (Fig. 1). The amorphous regions are separated from each other by crystalline Si (marked L1, L2, and L3 in Fig. 1) which contains a high concentration of small defect clusters. The small defect clusters were similar to what had been determined earlier as being amorphous zones since their contrast was principally of the structure-factor type that arises due to the difference in extinction distance between the matrix and damage regions.

Methods to Monitor and Improve the Performance of Specimen Holders for Transmission Electron Cryomicroscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
B. L. Armbruster ◽  
B. Kraus ◽  
M. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Electron Cryomicroscopy ◽  
Thermal Equilibration ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One goal in electron microscopy of biological specimens is to improve the quality of data to equal the resolution capabilities of modem transmission electron microscopes. Radiation damage and beam- induced movement caused by charging of the sample, low image contrast at high resolution, and sensitivity to external vibration and drift in side entry specimen holders limit the effective resolution one can achieve. Several methods have been developed to address these limitations: cryomethods are widely employed to preserve and stabilize specimens against some of the adverse effects of the vacuum and electron beam irradiation, spot-scan imaging reduces charging and associated beam-induced movement, and energy-filtered imaging removes the “fog” caused by inelastic scattering of electrons which is particularly pronounced in thick specimens.Although most cryoholders can easily achieve a 3.4Å resolution specification, information perpendicular to the goniometer axis may be degraded due to vibration. Absolute drift after mechanical and thermal equilibration as well as drift after movement of a holder may cause loss of resolution in any direction.

Letter to the Editor: The Continuing Challenge of Evaluating RSD Impairment and Disability

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
Robert L. Knobler ◽  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Disability Evaluation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Major Cardiac Event ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Impairment Score ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The author of the two-part article about evaluating reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) responds to criticisms that a percentage impairment score may not adequately reflect the disability of an individual with RSD. The author highlights the importance of recognizing the difference between impairment and disability in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides): impairment is the loss, loss of use, or derangement of any body part, system, or function; disability is a decrease in or the loss or absence of the capacity to meet personal, social, or occupational demands or to meet statutory or regulatory requirements because of an impairment. The disparity between impairment and disability can be encountered in diverse clinical scenarios. For example, a person's ability to resume occupational activities following a major cardiac event depends on medical, social, and psychological factors, but nonmedical factors appear to present the greatest impediment and many persons do not resume work despite significant improvements in functional capacity. A key requirement according to the AMA Guides is objective documentation, and the author agrees that when physicians consider the disability evaluation of people, more issues than those relating to the percentage loss of function should be considered. More study of the relationships among impairment, disability, and quality of life in patients with RSD are required.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

Ground water quality of selected areas of Punjab and Sind Provinces, Pakistan: Chemical and microbiological aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Microbiological Aspects

The assessment of groundwater is essential for the estimation of suitability of water for safe use. An attempt has been made to study the groundwater of selected areas of Punjab (Sheikhupura & Sahiwal) and Sindh (Sindh, Jawar Dharki and Dharki), Pakistan. The results indicate that pH, color and odor were all within limits of WHO that is pH ranges 6.5–8.5, colorless and odorless, respectively. The high values of suspended solids were observed in the Sindh-1 and Dharki samples. Microbiologically only Sahiwal and Jawar Dharki were found fit for drinking purpose. Trace metals analysis of Sheikhupura-1 and Sindh-1 showed that values do not fall within limits of WHO for Iron. The ionic concentration analysis showed that high bicarbonate (HCO3-), ions are present in the samples of Sahiwal and Dharki; Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki samples showed very high concentration for chloride ions, all samples were satisfactory level for sulphate (SO42-), sodium, magnesium and phosphate ions except samples of Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki. High concentration of calcium and potassium ions was observed in samples of Sindh-1, while all other samples were found fit for drinking purposes in respect of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium ions. The high concentration of Fluoride was found only in Sheikhupura-2 samples.

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