scholarly journals Longitudinal Impact of Physical Activity on Brain Pulsatility Index and Cognition in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A NIRS Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Hanieh Mohammadi ◽  
Christine Gagnon ◽  
Thomas Vincent ◽  
Ali Kassab ◽  
Sarah Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Optical Index ◽  
The Impact

Recent studies have shown that optical indices of cerebral pulsatility, including cerebral pulse amplitude, are linked to cerebrovascular health. A chronically higher cerebral pulsatility is associated with cognitive decline. Although it is widely known that regular physical activity improves cognitive functions, little is known about the association between physical activity and the optical index of cerebral pulsatility. This study assessed the impact of 12 months of regular physical activity on the changes in the optical index of cerebral pulsatility and explored its association with cognition. A total of 19 older adults (aged 59–79 years) with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) completed the study. Low-intensity, short-duration walking as a brief cardiovascular challenge was used to study the impact of regular physical activity on post-walking changes in cerebral pulsatility index. The participants walked on a gym track while a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device recorded hemodynamics data from the frontal and motor cortex subregions. Our data indicated that 12 months of physical activity was associated with lower global cerebral pulse amplitude, which was associated with higher cognitive scores in executive functions. Further, the global cerebral pulsatility index was reduced after short-duration walking, and this reduction was greater after 12 months of regular physical activity compared with the baseline. This may be an indication of improvement in cerebrovascular response to the cardiovascular challenge after regular physical activity. This study suggests that 12 months of physical activity may support cognitive functions through improving cerebral pulsatility in older adults with CVRF.

scholarly journals The Benefits of Physical Activity in Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Longitudinal Investigation Using fNIRS and Dual-Task Walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Deborah Talamonti ◽  
Thomas Vincent ◽  
Sarah Fraser ◽  
Anil Nigam ◽  
Frédéric Lesage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Cortical Response

Cardiovascular fitness is linked to better executive functions, preserved gait speed, and efficient cortical activity. Older adults with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) typically show poor cognitive performance, low physical fitness, and altered brain functioning compared with healthy individuals. In the current study, the impact of regular physical activity on cognition, locomotion, and brain functions was explored in a cohort of older adults with low or high CVRFs. Cortical activation of the frontal areas was investigated using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) at baseline, at 6 months and at 12 months. Evoked cortical response and behavioral performance were assessed using the dual-task walking paradigm, consisting of three conditions: single cognitive task (2-back task), single walking task (walking), and dual-task (2-back whilst walking). Results show greater task-related cortical response at baseline in individuals with high CVRFs compared to those with low CVRFs. Moreover, participants with high CVRFs benefitted the most from participating in regular physical activity, as their cortical response decreased at the 12-month follow-up and became comparable to that of participants with low CVRFs. These changes were observed in conjunction with improved cognitive performance and stable gait speed throughout the 12-month period in both groups. Our findings provide evidence that participation in regular physical activity may be especially beneficial in individuals with CVRFs by promoting brain and cognitive health, thus potentially contributing to prevention of cognitive decline. Future research may explore whether such effects are maintained in the long-term in order to design ad-hoc interventions in this specific population.

scholarly journals The Association between Physical Activity and Selected Parameters of Psychological Status and Dementia in Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7549
Author(s):  
Angelika Cisek-Woźniak ◽  
Kinga Mruczyk ◽  
Rafał W. Wójciak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
The Impact

Physical activity has an unquestionable impact on broadly understood human health. One interesting issue related to this is the importance of movement on mental health and cognitive functioning. Research shows that regular physical activity improves the cognitive functioning of adults and people with mental disorders. Regular physical activity can be an important and powerful protective factor in cognitive impairment and dementia in the elderly, and exercise is an important non-pharmacological treatment for mild cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to present the impact of physical activity on selected cognitive functions in physically active women over 60 years of age. The research was carried out in a group of 110 generally healthy women from the area of western Poland over 60 years of age, who were divided into four groups based on the intensity of their physical activity. A pedometer (sport watch) and a physical activity diary were used to measure physical activity. Body Mass Index was assessed. Selected cognitive functions were assessed using the MMSE test, motor and psychomotor skills were measured, and Luria’s auditory memory test and recall test, a clock drawing test, and a GDS test were performed. There were statistically significant relationships between the level of physical activity and the effectiveness of cognitive processes. These results show that about 5000 steps a day is enough to see a positive effect on the mental health and cognitive functioning of this group of the elderly population. The women had an average BMI of 28.1 ± 4.7. BMI, indicating an overweight condition (over 30 kg/m2), was observed in 31% of women. The results of this study lead the authors to conclude that physical activity positively influences cognitive function and can be recommended for all seniors who do not have other serious comorbidities that would prevent them from playing sports.

scholarly journals Role of Gender and Physical Activity Level on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in the Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Antoine Raberin ◽  
Philippe Connes ◽  
Jean-Claude Barthélémy ◽  
Pia Robert ◽  
Sébastien Celle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Protein Products ◽  
The Impact

Background. Cardiovascular diseases remain as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Ageing and gender strongly modulate the risk to develop cardiovascular diseases but very few studies have investigated the impact of gender on cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, which represents a growing population. The purpose of this study was to test the impact of gender and physical activity level on several biochemical and clinical markers of cardiovascular risk in elderly individuals. Methods. Elderly individuals (318 women (75.8±1.2 years-old) and 227 men (75.8±1.1 years-old)) were recruited. Physical activity was measured by a questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel’s definition. Polysomnography and digital tonometry were used to detect obstructive sleep apnea and assess vascular reactivity, respectively. Blood was sampled to measure several oxidative stress markers and adhesion molecules. Results. The frequency of cardiovascular diseases was significantly higher in men (16.4%) than in women (6.1%) (p<0.001). Body mass index (25.0±4.3 vs. 25.8±3.13 kg.m−2) and glycaemia (94.9±16.5 vs. 101.5±22.6 mg.dL−1) were lower, and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (74.6±17.8 vs. 65.0±17.2 mg.dL−1) was higher in women compared to men (p<0.05). Oxidative stress was lower in women than in men (uric acid: 52.05±13.78 vs. 59.84±13.58, advanced oxidation protein products: 223±94 vs. 246±101 μmol.L−1, malondialdehyde: 22.44±6.81 vs. 23.88±9.74 nmol.L−1). Physical activity was not associated with lower cardiovascular risk factors in both genders. Multivariate analyses showed an independent effect of gender on acid uric (β=0.182; p=0.020), advanced oxidation protein products (β=0.257; p<0.001), and HDL concentration (β=−0.182; p=0.026). Conclusion. These findings suggest that biochemical cardiovascular risk factors are lower in women than men which could explain the lower cardiovascular disease proportion observed in women in the elderly.

scholarly journals P224 Regular physical activity on IBD patients: impact on IBD natural history and related comorbidities

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S276-S277
Author(s):  
M T Arias-Loste ◽  
L Salcines ◽  
J C Rodriguez-Duque ◽  
M J García García ◽  
P Iruzubieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Background Regular physical activity (PA) has a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect that is mainly exerted on adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the immune and cardiovascular systems. Thus, PA is known to be beneficial in different pro-inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, data on the role of PA in IBD patients is scarce. The aim of our study is to analyse the association of PA with clinical outcomes in IBD patients. Methods Cross-sectional prospective study including all consecutive IBD patients attended at a university hospital was performed. Data on physical activity was recorded through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) hours per week were calculated according to the combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorous intensity activity, and patients were categorized into low, moderate or high PA according to a previously validated method. Data on IBD phenotype, activity indexes, natural history, current and past treatments, together with liver evaluation, and history of cardiovascular risk factors were also collected. Results 831 patients were included in the study. Study flow chart is depicted in figure and clinical characteristics in table 1. IBD patients with a low or moderate PA showed a tendency to a higher proportion of IBD-related complications and higher scores in disease activity indexes than those with high PA. PA was strongly associated to the metabolic profile. Patients with a low/moderate PA were more frequently obese, hypertense, diabetic and had dyslipidaemia. Regarding liver disease, PA was significantly associated to the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but not with advanced liver fibrosis. Conclusion Insufficient PA can negatively impact clinical outcomes in IBD patients, probably not because of a direct effect on IBD-pathogenesis, but due to its strong association with cardiovascular risk factors and NAFLD.

scholarly journals A nurse-led intervention to promote physical activity in sedentary older adults with cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized clinical trial (STEP-IT-UP study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 638-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chudowolska-Kiełkowska ◽  
Łukasz A Małek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Daily Step ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Daily Step Count

Background Regular physical activity should constitute the essence of treatment in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. We sought to determine the benefits of nurse-led intervention to promote physical activity in sedentary older adults in a primary care setting. Methods A group of 199 sedentary older adults (mean age 62.7±6.9, 34.2% male) with at least one more cardiovascular risk factor were randomized 1:1 to receive a nurse-led tutorial on lifestyle modification, including pedometer hand-out – with a daily goal of at least 7000 steps – and supporting phone calls (study group), or without a goal or calls (control group). Body weight (BW), resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), total cholesterol (TC) and glucose were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Results Subjects in the study group ( n = 86) achieved higher daily step count in comparison to the control group ( n = 78), 10,648±3098 vs. 3589±2000, p < 0.0001. The study group presented an improvement in all analysed parameters but glucose, including BW (−2.5±1.9 kg), SBP and DBP (−7.9±7.6 mmHg and −6.2±6.5 mmHg) and TC (−14.7±30.4 mg%), all p < 0.0001. In the control group, all parameters increased or remained unchanged. An inverse correlation between the daily step count and delta of the analysed parameters ( r = −0.26 to −0.72, p < 0.001) was found. Conclusion Nurse-led intervention with pedometer, goal setting and supporting phone calls is an effective way to promote physical activity in sedentary older adults and leads to improvement of cardiovascular risk factors within 3 months.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GRIP STRENGTH AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S483-S484
Author(s):  
Milan Chang ◽  
Alfons Ramel ◽  
Palmi V Jonsson ◽  
Inga Thorsdottir ◽  
Olof Geirsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background: Decline in both physical function and cognition among older adults has been associated with increased risk of dementia. Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for the improvement of both physical and cognitive function. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between baseline physical function and cognitive function after 12 weeks of resistance training among older adults. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-seven community-dwelling older adults (N=237, 73.7±5.7 years, 58.2% female) participated in a 12-week resistance exercise program (3 times/week; 3 sets, 6-8 repetitions at 75-80% of the 1-repetition maximum), designed to increase strength and muscle mass of major muscle groups. Body composition, physical activity status, grip strength, cardiovascular risk factors, 6 minutes walking distance (6MWD), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were measured at baseline and endpoint. The linear regression model was used to examine the association. Results: Mean MMSE score was 27.5±2.1 at baseline and 28.1±2.2 after the exercise intervention. After the intervention, 57 declined, 55 remained the same, and 120 have improved in MMSE scores. We found that the MMSE score after the intervention was significantly associated with baseline grip strength (beta=.03, P&lt;.05) among healthy older adults, after adjusting basic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and mobility at baseline. Conclusion: Our study found that baseline grip strength was strongly associated with cognitive function after the 12 weeks of resistance training. Muscle power, such as grip strength may play an important role in the effect of exercise intervention on cognition even among healthy independent older adults.

scholarly journals The association between physical activity, sedentary behavior and the occurrence of falls in asymptomatic adults over 40 years old

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Esther Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Thatiane Lopes Valentim Di Paschoale Ostolin ◽  
Wesley de Oliveira Vieira ◽  
Rodolfo Leite Arantes ◽  
Antônio Ricardo de Toledo Gagliardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Middle Aged

Abstract Introduction: Sedentary behavior (SB) has been described as an independent risk factor for health, regardless of the recommended amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, SB and MVPA as predictors of falls have been poorly investigated. Objective: To compare the associations between SB and MVPA and the occurrence of falls in middle-aged and older adults. Method: The participants wore a triaxial accelerometer over the dominant hip for seven days to measure SB and MVPA. The occurrence of falls and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by self-report. Isokinetic peak torque (PT) of knee extension, peak oxygen uptake (V’O2) in a ramp treadmill protocol, and lean (LBM) body mass and body fat (BFM) (bioelectrical impedance) were also assessed. The critical roles of SB and MVPA on the occurrence of falls were compared by multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, LBM, peak V’O2, and PT of knee extension. Results: 379 participants were evaluated, aged 40-80 years. Forty-eight participants reported at least one fall in the previous 12 months (14.5%). Fallers presented lower SB and higher MVPA. They were predominantly women and older adults with lower physical fitness. After multivariate analysis, MVPA, but not SB, was selected as an independent predictor of falls, increasing the odds ratio of having a fall (1.184, 95% confidence interval, 1.016 - 1.378). Conclusion: Episodes of falls in predominantly middle-aged and women subjects were associated with a higher amount of MVPA, not the opposite, indicating an adverse effect of MVPA in these subjects.

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