scholarly journals Trend Shifts in Age-Specific Incidence for In Situ and Invasive Cutaneous Melanoma in Sweden

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2838
Author(s):  
Hanna Eriksson ◽  
Kari Nielsen ◽  
Ismini Vassilaki ◽  
Jan Lapins ◽  
Rasmus Mikiver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Tumour Thickness ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
Significant Incidence ◽  
Analyse Data

Background: The incidence of invasive cutaneous melanoma (CM) is increasing in Sweden. The aim was to present age- and sex-specific trends of the age-standardised incidence and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for in situ and invasive CM. Methods: Joinpoint regression models were used to analyse data from the Swedish Cancer Register and the Swedish Melanoma Registry 1997–2018 (N = 35,350 in situ CM; 59,932 CM). Results: The AAPC of CM for women was 4.5 (4.1–5.0; p < 0.001) for the period 1997–2018. For men, the APCC was 4.2 (3.0–5.4; p < 0.001), with a significantly higher annual percentage change (APC) for the period 2000–2018 (5.0; 4.6–5.4; p < 0.001) compared to 1997–1999. An increasing annual incidence of CM ≤ 0.6 mm and 0.7 mm Breslow tumour thickness was found for men with a significant incidence shift for the period 2006–2015, respectively. Similarly for women, with a significantly higher APC for CM ≤ 0.6 mm from 2005. The incidence of intermediate thick CM (2.1–4.0 mm) has not increased since 2011. The incidence of CM > 4.0 mm has been increasing among both sexes, with a significantly lower APC among women from 2005. Conclusions: The incidence of in situ and low-risk CM ≤ 1.0 mm in tumour thickness has been rising among both sexes since the 2000s.

Increases of suicide rates in Kansas: results from 2009-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Lloyd ◽  
David W. Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis ◽  
The Difference

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the increase in suicide rates for Kansas residents, as well as quantify the difference in suicide rates between men and women across the State of Kansas. Design/methodology/approach To evaluate increases in suicide rates, a joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to calculate the annual percentage change in suicide rates. To evaluate differences between sex characteristics, a one-way analysis of variance was conducted. Findings Results of a joinpoint regression analysis found that the annual percentage change in the suicide rates of Kansas did increase significantly between 2009 and 2018. Furthermore, the rate of suicide increase among women was greater than the suicide rate increases of men. Originality/value The value of this study provides context to the suicide literature that could allow for better local and statewide policy decisions.

scholarly journals Is the Increasing Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the Nordic Countries Caused by Use of Mobile Phones?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9129
Author(s):  
Michael Carlberg ◽  
Tarmo Koppel ◽  
Lena K. Hedendahl ◽  
Lennart Hardell
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Cancer Register ◽  
Time Period

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) at the World Health Organization (WHO) categorized in 2011 radiofrequency (RF) as a possible human carcinogen, Group 2B. During use of the handheld wireless phone, especially the smartphone, the thyroid gland is a target organ. During the 21st century, the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing in many countries. We used the Swedish Cancer Register to study trends from 1970 to 2017. During that time period, the incidence increased statistically significantly in women with average annual percentage change (AAPC) +2.13%, 95% confidence interval (CI) +1.43, +2.83%. The increase was especially pronounced during 2010–2017 with annual percentage change (APC) +9.65%, 95% CI +6.68, +12.71%. In men, AAPC increased during 1970–2017 with +1.49%, 95% CI +0.71, +2.28%. Highest increase was found for the time period 2001–2017 with APC +5.26%, 95% CI +4.05, +6.49%. Similar results were found for all Nordic countries based on NORDCAN 1970–2016 with APC +5.83%, 95% CI +4.56, +7.12 in women from 2006 to 2016 and APC + 5.48%, 95% CI +3.92, +7.06% in men from 2005 to 2016. According to the Swedish Cancer Register, the increasing incidence was similar for tumors ≤4 cm as for tumors >4 cm, indicating that the increase cannot be explained by overdiagnosis. These results are in agreement with recent results on increased thyroid cancer risk associated with the use of mobile phones. We postulate that RF radiation is a causative factor for the increasing thyroid cancer incidence.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Lung Cancer in Shenzhen, 2008–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Lin Lei ◽  
Anyan Huang ◽  
Weicong Cai ◽  
Ling Liang ◽  
Yirong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Autocorrelation Analysis

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in China. The incidence trend and geographical distribution of lung cancer in southern China have not been reported. The present study explored the temporal trend and spatial distribution of lung cancer incidence in Shenzhen from 2008 to 2018. The lung cancer incidence data were obtained from the registered population in the Shenzhen Cancer Registry System between 2008 and 2018. The standardized incidence rates of lung cancer were analyzed by using the joinpoint regression model. The Moran’s I method was used for spatial autocorrelation analysis and to further draw a spatial cluster map in Shenzhen. From 2008 to 2018, the average crude incidence rate of lung cancer was 27.1 (1/100,000), with an annual percentage change of 2.7% (p < 0.05). The largest average proportion of histological type of lung cancer was determined as adenocarcinoma (69.1%), and an increasing trend was observed in females, with an average annual percentage change of 14.7%. The spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated some sites in Shenzhen as a high incidence rate spatial clustering area. Understanding the incidence patterns of lung cancer is useful for monitoring and prevention.

Homicide Epidemic in Cali, Colombia: A Surveillance System Data Analysis, 1993‒2018

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e8
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Guerrero-Velasco ◽  
Víctor Hugo Muñoz ◽  
Alberto Concha-Eastman ◽  
Álvaro J. Pretel-Meneses ◽  
Maria I. Gutiérrez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

Objectives. To examine homicide rates in Cali, Colombia, during the 1993–2018 period, using information derived from an interagency surveillance system. Methods. We used homicide data from Cali’s Epidemiological Surveillance System to examine homicide trends by victim’s age and sex, time, and type of method used. We estimated trend changes and the annual percentage changes using joinpoint regression analyses. Results. Homicide rates per 100 000 inhabitants dropped from 102 in 1993 to 47.8 in 2018. We observed reductions in homicide rates across age and sex groups. Most homicide victims were men aged 20 to 39 years from poor, marginalized areas. Firearms were used in 84.9% of all cases. The average annual percentage change for the entire period was −3.6 (95% confidence interval = −6.7, −0.4). Conclusions. Fluctuations in homicide rates in Cali show a clear epidemic pattern, occurring concurrently with the “crack epidemic” in different countries. Reliable and timely information provided by an Epidemiological Surveillance System allowed opportune formulation of public policies to reduce the impact of violence in Cali. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 10, 2021: e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306254 )

Comparison of Primary and Metastatic Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus: Clinicopathologic Review of 10 Cases

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (10) ◽  
pp. 1623-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy A. Sanchez ◽  
Tsung-Teh Wu ◽  
Victor G. Prieto ◽  
Asif Rashid ◽  
Stanley R. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Depth Of Invasion ◽  
History Of

Abstract Context.—Primary esophageal melanoma (PEM) is a rare disease and is difficult to distinguish from other esophageal malignancies and from metastatic melanoma. Objective.—To develop diagnostic criteria for PEM, we compared the clinicopathologic features of 5 PEMs and 5 metastatic melanomas to esophagus. Design.—Ten cases of esophageal melanoma, including 4 surgically resected specimens, 2 autopsy cases, and 4 cases reported on mucosal biopsies, were reviewed. The histologic parameters used in this study were well-characterized features for cutaneous melanoma, including junctional component (in situ melanoma), radial growth phase, modified Breslow thickness, depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, satellitosis, predominant type of cytology, and regional lymph node metastasis. Clinical and follow-up information was obtained by reviewing patients' medical records. Results.—Previous history of cutaneous melanoma was present in all 5 cases of metastatic esophageal melanoma but was not present in the 5 patients with PEMs. In situ melanoma and/or radial growth phase were identified in all 5 PEMs but were not present in any of the metastatic cases. Among the 4 resected and 2 autopsy cases, melanocytosis and mixed epithelioid and spindle cell morphology was present in 2 (50%) of 4 PEMs but was not present in 2 (40%) of the metastatic melanomas. Melanin pigment was detectable in all cases. Patients with PEM had better survival than those who had metastatic melanoma to esophagus (P = .03). Conclusions.—The presence of in situ melanoma, radial growth phase, melanocytosis, and mixed epithelioid and spindle cell morphology, in the context of no history of melanoma, distinguishes PEM from metastatic melanoma.

scholarly journals Space–time clustering and temporal trends of hospitalizations due to pulmonary tuberculosis: potential strategy for assessing health care policies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Almeida Santos ◽  
Danielle T Santos ◽  
Ricardo A Arcencio ◽  
Carla Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Ambulatory Setting ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Annual Percentage Change

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) causes pressure on healthcare resources, especially in terms of hospital admissions, despite being considered an ambulatory care-sensitive condition for which timely and effective care in ambulatory setting could prevent the need for hospitalization. Our objectives were to describe the spatial and temporal variation in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) hospitalizations, identify critical geographic areas at municipality level and characterize clusters of PTB hospitalizations to help the development of tailored disease management strategies that could improve TB control. Methods Ecologic study using sociodemographic, geographical and clinical information of PTB hospitalization cases from continental Portuguese public hospitals, between 2002 and 2016. Descriptive statistics, spatiotemporal cluster analysis and temporal trends were conducted. Results The space–time analysis identified five clusters of higher rates of PTB hospitalizations (2002–16), including the two major cities in the country (Lisboa and Porto). Globally, we observed a −7.2% mean annual percentage change in rate with only one of the identified clusters (out of six) with a positive trend (+4.34%). In the more recent period (2011–16) was obtained a mean annual percentage change in rate of −8.12% with only one cluster identified with an increase trend (+9.53%). Conclusions Our results show that space–time clustering and temporal trends analysis can be an invaluable resource to monitor the dynamic of the disease and contribute to the design of more effective, focused interventions. Interventions such as enhancing the detection of active and latent infection, improving monitoring and evaluation of treatment outcomes or adjusting the network of healthcare providers should be tailored to the specific needs of the critical areas identified.

scholarly journals Assessing trends of breast cancer and carcinoma in situ to monitor screening policies in developing settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Érika de Abreu Costa Brito ◽  
Marcela Sampaio Lima ◽  
Hianga Fayssa Fernandes Siqueira ◽  
Adriane Dórea Marques ◽  
Alex Rodrigues Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Developing Settings

Abstract There have been arguments about the role of breast cancer screening at the population level, and some points of controversy have arisen, such the establishment of organized screening policies and the age at which to begin screening. The real benefit of screening has been questioned because the results of this practice may increase the diagnosis of indolent lesions without decreasing mortality due to breast cancer. The authors have proposed a study of incidence and mortality trends for breast cancer in a developing setting in Brazil to monitor the effectiveness of the official recommendations that prioritize the age group from 50 to 69 years. The database of the Cancer Registry and the Mortality Information System was used to calculate age-standardized and age-specific rates, which were then used to calculate incidence and mortality trends using the Joinpoint Regression Program. The results showed stability in trends across all ages and age-specific groups in both incidence and mortality. In conclusion, we found that incidence and mortality rates are compatible with those in regions with similar human development indexes, and trends have demonstrated stabilization. Thus, we do not endorse changes in the official recommendations to conduct screening for ages other than 50 to 69 years, nor should policy makers implement organized screening strategies.

Random changepoint segmented regression with smooth transition

2020 ◽  
pp. 096228022096495
Author(s):  
Julio M Singer ◽  
Francisco MM Rocha ◽  
Antonio Carlos Pedroso-de-Lima ◽  
Giovani L Silva ◽  
Giuliana C Coatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Segmented Regression ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Standard Software ◽  
Nonlinear Nature ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

We consider random changepoint segmented regression models to analyse data from a study conducted to verify whether treatment with stem cells may delay the onset of a symptom of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in genetically modified mice. The proposed models capture the biological aspects of the data, accommodating a smooth transition between the periods with and without symptoms. An additional changepoint is considered to avoid negative predicted responses. Given the nonlinear nature of the model, we propose an algorithm to estimate the fixed parameters and to predict the random effects by fitting linear mixed models iteratively via standard software. We compare the variances obtained in the final step with bootstrapped and robust ones.

scholarly journals Trends in Acute Myocardial Infarction by Race and Ethnicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria C. Chi ◽  
Michael H. Kanter ◽  
Bonnie H. Li ◽  
Lei Qian ◽  
Stephanie R. Reading ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Age And Sex

Background Trends in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence rates for diverse races/ethnicities are largely unknown, presenting barriers to understanding the role of race/ethnicity in AMI occurrence. Methods and Results We identified AMI hospitalizations for Kaiser Permanente Southern California members, aged ≥35 years, during 2000 to 2014 using discharge diagnostic codes. We excluded hospitalizations with missing race/ethnicity information. We calculated annual incidence rates (age and sex standardized to the 2010 US census population) for AMI, ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction by race/ethnicity (Hispanic and non‐Hispanic racial groups: Asian or Pacific Islander, black, and white). Using Poisson regression, we estimated annual percentage change in AMI, non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction incidence by race/ethnicity and AMI incidence rate ratios between race/ethnicity pairs, adjusting for age and sex. We included 18 630 776 person‐years of observation and identified 44 142 AMI hospitalizations. During 2000 to 2014, declines in AMI, non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction were 48.7%, 34.2%, and 69.8%, respectively. Age‐ and sex‐standardized AMI hospitalization rates/100 000 person‐years declined for Hispanics (from 307 to 162), Asians or Pacific Islanders (from 271 to 158), blacks (from 347 to 199), and whites (from 376 to 189). Annual percentage changes ranged from −2.99% to −4.75%, except for blacks, whose annual percentage change was −5.32% during 2000 to 2009 and −1.03% during 2010 to 2014. Conclusions During 2000 to 2014, AMI, non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, and ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction hospitalization incidence rates declined substantially for each race/ethnic group. Despite narrowing rates among races/ethnicities, differences persist. Understanding these differences can help identify unmet needs in AMI prevention and management to guide targeted interventions.

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