scholarly journals Histone Deacetylase (HDAC)−1, −2, −4, and −6 in Uveal Melanomas: Associations with Clinicopathological Parameters and Patients’ Survival

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4763
Author(s):  
Georgia Levidou ◽  
Pawel Gajdzis ◽  
Nathalie Cassoux ◽  
Piotr Donizy ◽  
Christos Masaoutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Hdac Inhibitors ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Epithelioid Cell ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Nuclear Expression ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Background: Uveal melanoma (UM) represents the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, exerting high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a key role in carcinogenesis, and HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) are currently being explored as anti-cancer agents in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of HDAC−1, −2, −4, and −6 expression in UM. Methods: HDAC−1, −2, −4, and −6 expression was examined immunohistochemically in 75 UM tissue specimens and was correlated with tumors’ clinicopathological characteristics, the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS), as well as with our patients’ overall survival (OS). Results: HDAC−2 was the most frequently expressed isoform (66%), whereas we confirmed in addition to the expected nuclear expression the presence of cytoplasmic expression of class I HDAC isoforms, namely HDAC−1 (33%) and HDAC−2 (9.5%). HDAC−4 and −6 expression was cytoplasmic. HDAC−1 nuclear expression was associated with increased tumor size (p = 0.03), HDAC−6 with higher mitotic index (p = 0.03), and nuclear HDAC−2 with epithelioid cell morphology (p = 0.03) and presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (p = 0.04). The association with the remaining parameters including Monosomy 3 was not significant. Moreover, the presence as well as the nuclear expression pattern of HDAC−2 were correlated with patients’ improved OS and remained significant in multivariate survival analysis. Conclusions: These findings provide evidence for a potential role of HDACs and especially HDAC−2 in the biological mechanisms governing UM evolution and progression.

scholarly journals Nomograms to Predict the Density of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients With High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danian Dai ◽  
Lili Liu ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Shangqiu Chen ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

BackgroundTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have important roles in predicting tumor therapeutic responses and progression, however, the method of evaluating TILs is complicated. We attempted to explore the association of TILs with clinicopathological characteristics and blood indicators, and to develop nomograms to predict the density of TILs in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).MethodsThe clinical profiles of 197 consecutive postoperative HGSOC patients were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor tissues and matched normal fallopian tubes were immunostained for CD3+, CD8+, and CD4+ T cells on corresponding tissue microarrays and the numbers of TILs were counted using the NIH ImageJ software. The patients were classified into low- or high-density groups for each marker (CD3, CD4, CD8). The associations of the investigated TILs to clinicopathological characteristics and blood indicators were assessed and the related predictors for densities of TILs were used to develop nomograms; which were then further evaluated using the C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration plots.ResultsMenopausal status, estrogen receptor (ER), Ki-67 index, white blood cell (WBC), platelets (PLT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) had significant association with densities of tumor-infiltrating CD3+, CD8+, or CD4+ T cells. The calibration curves of the CD3+ (C-index = 0.748), CD8+ (C-index = 0.683) and CD4+ TILs nomogram (C-index = 0.759) demonstrated excellent agreement between predictions and actual observations. ROC curves of internal validation indicated good discrimination for the CD8+ TILs nomogram [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.659, 95% CI 0.582–0.736] and encouraging performance for the CD3+ (AUC= 0.708, 95% CI 0.636–0.781) and CD4+ TILs nomogram (AUC = 0.730, 95% CI 0.659–0.801).ConclusionMenopausal status, ER, Ki-67 index, WBC, PLT, LDH, and CA153 could reflect the densities of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Novel nomograms are conducive to monitor the immune status of patients with HGSOC and help doctors to formulate the appropriate treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Immune checkpoint markers in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Bösch ◽  
Katharina Brüwer ◽  
Annelore Altendorf-Hofmann ◽  
Christoph J Auernhammer ◽  
Christine Spitzweg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Survival ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Surface Receptor ◽  
Programmed Death 1 ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Cancer immunotherapy has evolved major breakthroughs in the last years. The cell-surface receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), have been detected in various cancer types. However, the analysis on gastroenteropancreatic neoplasia (GEP-NENs) is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize GEP-NENs with regard to PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). On protein level, we examined TILs, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in tumor tissue of 244 GEP-NENs using immunohistochemistry. Expression levels were correlated with clinicopathological parameters including long-term survival in an observational study. In total, 244 patients could be included. Most of the patients had a NEN of the small intestine (52.5%) or the pancreas (29.5%). All tumors could be graded by their morphology and Ki67 index, with 57.8% G1, 34% G2 and 8.2% G3 tumors. High TILs (19.6%) and high PD-1 (16.1%) expression showed a significant correlation with shorter patient survival (P < 0.05) and with a higher grading. Furthermore, expression of PD-L1 (8.7%) showed a trend to shorter patient survival. High TILs and PD-1 expression are significantly associated with shorter patient survival and higher grading in GEP-NENs. PD-L1 expression showed a trend to shorter patient survival. Immunotherapy might be a promising therapeutic approach in GEP-NENs especially in tumors with high TILs.

scholarly journals PD-L1 Expression and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Thymic Epithelial Neoplasms

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Higuchi ◽  
Goto ◽  
Hirotsu ◽  
Nakagomi ◽  
Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Mediastinal Tumors ◽  
Thymic Epithelial Tumors ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Programmed Death 1 ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Type Ab ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignant mediastinal tumors that are difficult to diagnose and treat. The programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand (PD-L1) are expressed in various malignant tumors and have emerged as potential immunotherapeutic targets. However, the immunobiology of TETs is poorly understood. We evaluated PD-L1 expression and the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8 and CD3 expression) in surgical TET specimens from 39 patients via immunohistochemistry and determined their relation to clinicopathological parameters. Cases with membranous reactivity of the PD-L1 antibody in ≥1% of tumor cells were considered positive. Positive PD-L1 expression was observed in 53.9% of cases. Histologically, PD-L1 expression was positive in 2/6 type A, 2/6 type AB, 3/9 type B1, 4/4 type B2, 5/6 type B3, and 5/8 type C TET cases. Thus, the number of cases with PD-L1 expression and the percent expression of PD-L1 were significantly higher in more aggressive thymomas (type B2 or B3). CD3+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were diffusely and abundantly distributed in all cases. These data suggest that a PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is a promising treatment for TETs, with more beneficial treatment effects for aggressive thymomas such as type B2 or B3.

scholarly journals Relationship between PD-L1 Expression and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Canine Mammary Tumor

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belarmino Eugênio Lopes-Neto ◽  
Diana Célia Sousa Nunes Pinheiro ◽  
Júlio Gil Vale Carvalheira ◽  
Fernando Schmitt ◽  
Maria De Fátima Gärtner
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Mammary Tumor ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumor ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Background: Studies pointed out that the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have considerable importance in canine mammary tumor (CMT). On the other hand, cancer cells sometimes find ways to use immune checkpoint proteins as a shield to avoid being identified and attacked by the immune system as programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). In this study, it was investigated the relationship between PD-L1 expression, stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in canine mammary tumor (CMT), and the association with clinical and pathological characteristics of the tumors.Materials, Methods & Results: PD-L1 expression and TILs were assessed in 23 female dogs with CMT. The tumors were grouped into simple carcinoma (CA, n = 8) and complex carcinoma (CC, n = 15). Stromal TILs were assessed using two thresholds as TILs-Low representing < 50% of infiltrate within stromal area and TILs-High representing ≥ 50% of stromal area. Clinicopathological data of CMT was characterized according to key parameters, as well as survival rates. TILs evaluation within tumor stroma revealed that 65.2% (n = 15) of tumors had TILs-Low. PD-L1 expression and stromal TILs were significantly associated (P = 0.009). PD-L1 expression was observed in 39% (n = 9) of all tumors of which 17.4% (n = 4) were from CA group and 21.7% (n = 5) were from CC group. PD-L1 expression within TILs was observed in 39% (n = 9) of the tumors. PD-L1 in malignant epithelium was present in all lymph node metastasis (n = 5). PD-L1 was associated with involvement of regional lymph nodes (P = 0.034). Survival curves demonstrated TILs-Low had higher (P = 0.010) overall survival (OS) compared with TILs-High, and PD-L1+ and PD-L1– (P = 0.06) did not differed. The clinicopathological variables significantly correlated with OS by univariate analysis were the histological grade (P = 0.009), lymph node involvement (P = 0.004), stromal TILs (P = 0.016), and PD-L1+/TILs-High vs. PD-L1–/TILs-Low (P = 0.010). Multivariate analysis revealed that group of tumors with grade II-III was independent and negative prognostic factors for OS.Discussion: In this study, PD-L1 was differently expressed according to the histologic subtypes of TMC. Currently, has been showed the presence of PD-L1 in several canine cancer. Nevertheless, only a few studies have described PD-L1 protein expression in dog tumors and showed PD-L1 was constitutively expressed on canine tumor cell lines, although the levels of basal expression were very variable. This expression can be modulated by IFN-γ exposure. In the present study, it was found a strong PD-L1 expression on TILs. The increase in PD-L1 cell surface expression by tumor cells can lead to decreased T-cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. In human breast cancer (BC) the PD-L1 expression was expressed in TILs and tumor epithelium. It has been reported the association of stromal TILs and PD-L1 expression with aggressive types and stages of BC. In this study, it was detected PD-L1 expression in malignant epithelium in all lymph node metastasis. PD-L1 overexpression was significantly associated with a series of clinicopathological parameters. It was demonstrated that PD-L1+/TILs-High had higher risk of overall survival (OS) than another group of interaction. High PD-L1 expression may be a prognostic indicator for reduced OS, while tumor PD-L1+ was associated with poorer disease-free survival. The presence of TILs has shown to be potentially predictive and a prognostic factor in BC subtypes. In CMT, it has been reported that a high proportion of TILs was correlated to several malignancy characteristics. In relation to PD-L1, further research is necessary to clarify this immune checkpoint as a potential therapeutic target and its application in clinical practice in CMT.

Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) in Gastric Cancer: An Update of their Emerging Prognostic and Therapeutic Role

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (36) ◽  
pp. 6099-6111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Schizas ◽  
Aikaterini Mastoraki ◽  
Leon Naar ◽  
Diamantis I. Tsilimigras ◽  
Ioannis Katsaros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Hdac Inhibitors ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Synergistic Interactions

Chemotherapy resistance is a rising concern in Gastric Cancer (GC) and has led to the investigation of various cellular compounds. Α functional equilibrium of histone acetylation and deacetylation was discovered in all cells, regulated by Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases (HDACs), controlling chromatin coiling status and changing gene expression appropriately. In accordance with recent research, this equilibrium can be dysregulated in cancer cells aiding in the process of carcinogenesis and tumor progression by altering histone and non-histone proteins affecting gene expression, cell cycle control, differentiation, and apoptosis in various malignancies. In addition, increased HDAC expression in GC cells has been associated with increased stage, tumor invasion, nodal metastases, increased distant metastatic potential, and decreased overall survival. HDAC inhibitors could be used as treatment regimens for GC patients and could develop important synergistic interactions with chemotherapy drugs. The aim of this article is to review the molecular identity and mechanism of action of HDAC inhibitors, as well as highlight their potential utility as anti-cancer agents in GC.

scholarly journals The Concentration of CMKLR1 Expression on Clinicopathological Parameters of Colorectal Cancer: A Preliminary Study

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Paweł Kiczmer ◽  
Sylwia Mielcarska ◽  
Magdalena Chrabańska ◽  
Miriam Dawidowicz ◽  
Agnieszka Kula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Angiogenesis is crucial for cancer growth, infiltration of surrounding tissues, and metastasis and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of CRC. Chemerin/chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) is one of the biochemical pathways involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in solid tumors. The aim of the study was to assess the CMKLR1 level in tumor and margin tissues of CRC in relation to histopathological parameters: microvessel density (MVD), budding, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), TNM scale, and grading. Materials and Methods: The study involved 43 samples of tumor and margin tissues obtained from CRC patients. To assess the concentration of CMKLR1 a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used. For 35 cases, we performed CD34 immunostaining. The MVD, budding, and TILs were assessed using a light microscope. Results: The levels of CMKLR1 in both tumor and margin were negatively correlated with MVD and budding. CMKLR1 concentration in margin was higher in tissues with lymphocytic infiltration. Conclusions: Low vascularity and low budding are associated with higher CMKLR1 expression. CMKLR1 might play a multifunctional role in CRC pathogenesis by influencing tumor budding and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration.

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