scholarly journals Activated Carbon as a Cathode for Water Disinfection through the Electro-Fenton Process

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Ameet Pinto ◽  
Akram N. Alshawabkeh
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Cathodic Material ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
By Products

Unlike many other water disinfection methods, hydroxyl radicals (HO•) produced by the Fenton reaction (Fe2+/H2O2) can inactivate pathogens regardless of taxonomic identity of genetic potential and do not generate halogenated disinfection by-products. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) required for the process is typically electrogenerated using various carbonaceous materials as cathodes. However, high costs and necessary modifications to the cathodes still present a challenge to large-scale implementation. In this work, we use granular activated carbon (GAC) as a cathode to generate H2O2 for water disinfection through the electro-Fenton process. GAC is a low-cost amorphous carbon with abundant oxygen- and carbon-containing groups that are favored for oxygen reduction into H2O2. Results indicate that H2O2 production at the GAC cathode is higher with more GAC, lower pH, and smaller reactor volume. Through the addition of iron ions, the electrogenerated H2O2 is transformed into HO• that efficiently inactivated model pathogen (Escherichia coli) under various water chemistry conditions. Chick–Watson modeling results further showed the strong lethality of produced HO• from the electro-Fenton process. This inactivation coupled with high H2O2 yield, excellent reusability, and relatively low cost of GAC proves that GAC is a promising cathodic material for large-scale water disinfection.

scholarly journals A Thin Layer of Activated Carbon Deposited on Polyurethane Cube Leads to New Conductive Bioanode for (Plant) Microbial Fuel Cell

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Emilius Sudirjo ◽  
Paola Y. Constantino Diaz ◽  
Matteo Cociancich ◽  
Rens Lisman ◽  
Christian Snik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Electrochemically Active

Large-scale implementation of (plant) microbial fuel cells is greatly limited by high electrode costs. In this work, the potential of exploiting electrochemically active self-assembled biofilms in fabricating three-dimensional bioelectrodes for (plant) microbial fuel cells with minimum use of electrode materials was studied. Three-dimensional robust bioanodes were successfully developed with inexpensive polyurethane foams (PU) and activated carbon (AC). The PU/AC electrode bases were fabricated via a water-based sorption of AC particles on the surface of the PU cubes. The electrical current was enhanced by growth of bacteria on the PU/AC bioanode while sole current collectors produced minor current. Growth and electrochemical activity of the biofilm were shown with SEM imaging and DNA sequencing of the microbial community. The electric conductivity of the PU/AC electrode enhanced over time during bioanode development. The maximum current and power density of an acetate fed MFC reached 3 mA·m−2 projected surface area of anode compartment and 22 mW·m−3 anode compartment. The field test of the Plant-MFC reached a maximum performance of 0.9 mW·m−2 plant growth area (PGA) at a current density of 5.6 mA·m−2 PGA. A paddy field test showed that the PU/AC electrode was suitable as an anode material in combination with a graphite felt cathode. Finally, this study offers insights on the role of electrochemically active biofilms as natural enhancers of the conductivity of electrodes and as transformers of inert low-cost electrode materials into living electron acceptors.

Performance and Isotherm Studies in Phenol Adsorption From Wastewater Using Low Cost Biomass Derived From Coconut Shells

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Mohan Rao T. ◽  
K. Rajesh Kumar ◽  
G. Shyamala ◽  
R. Gobinath
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Textile Processing ◽  
Leather Processing ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
The Cost

With the growth of urbanization and industrialization, water bodies are getting polluted. Among various pollutants, phenol-based pollutants are common water pollutions which originate from wastewater discharged from processing manufacturing industries like petrochemical refineries, ceramic plants, textile processing, leather processing, synthetic rubbers, etc. These pollutants are toxic and have long-term ill effects on both humans and aquatic animals. Adsorption is well proven technique which is widely used for removal of pollutions from aqueous environments. But this process, is hindered due to the cost of adsorbents especially for large scale continuous processes. In this regard, adsorbents derived from waste biomass can be a great asset to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment. To meet this objective, coconut shells are chosen as biomass which is abundantly available from south east Asia. This biomass is converted into activated carbon and hence used to remove phenol from wastewater. Batch adsorption experiments were performed with different initial concentration, carbon dosage, pH and contact time. At a lower concentration of 50 mg/L of initial feed (phenol) concentration resulted in around 90% phenol removal and henceforth optimum results in phenol removal obtained in only 64%. Experimental results are in good agreement with Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and have shown a better fitting to the experimental data. These studies confirm that the coconut shell-based activated carbon could be used to effectively adsorb phenol from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Design and construction of laboratory-scale activated carbon, gravel and rice husk filter columns for the treatment of stormwater runoff from automobile workshops

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C O Ataguba ◽  
I Brink
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Design And Construction

The design and construction of low-cost laboratory-scale filter columns using locally available Nigerian filter materials - granular activated carbon (GAC), gravel (GR) and rice husk (RH) - were carried out and reported. The filter materials and columns were designed, constructed and used for the treatment of stormwater runoff from selected automobile workshops in Nigeria over a period of three rainy months. The combined granular activated carbon and rice husk filter systems performed best with pollutant removal efficiency of 58%. It was shown that the materials, considered as waste, could be recycled and used as filter materials in the treatment of stormwater from automobile workshops. This low-cost technology for stormwater runoff treatment, especially for automobile workshops at large scale and in-situ, can be further explored.

scholarly journals Three-plant stubble (Family: Fabaceae) as a substrate for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kummer., in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-158
Author(s):  
Maricela Cayetano-Catarino ◽  
Teodoro Bernabé-González ◽  
Gadiel Bernabé-Villanueva ◽  
Adalid Romero-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Chickpea Plant ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
By Products

Mushroom cultivation is an economically feasible bio-technological process for conversion of various agricultural by-products. In Mexico, a large quantity of lignocellulosic residues is generated and several of them have been used as a substrate in the cultivation of Pleurotus spp. Thus, high nutritional value food is produced at a relatively low cost. In this study, fermented chickpea stubble (Cicer arietinum L.); bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) stubble sun-dried were used as a substrate for growing a strain of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kummer. (IE-8). On the chickpea stubble, the spawning was carried out on three, five and seven days of fermentated (FCS-3, FCS-5 and FCS-7, respectively) substrate. Highest productivity was obtained on the FCS-3 substrate with the formation of first primordia between 15 and 17 days; crop cycle between 44 to 49 days, with 156% of biological efficiency (BE), 46.8% of yield (Y) and 3.3% of production rate (PR). In the other treatments, forming first primordia was between 16 to 35 days, crop cycles between 43 and 61 days, with BE from 76.2% to 130.2%, Y between 16.8% to 39.0% and PR between 1.7% to 2.9%. Stubbles studied can be used as a substrate for the cultivation of the strain IE-8 on a small to large scale in the regions where they are generated, mainly the stubble of the chickpea plant.

Large-Scale and Low-Cost Motivation of Nitrogen-Doped Commercial Activated Carbon for High-Energy-Density Supercapacitor

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 4234-4243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Xiaoze Shi ◽  
Xuecheng Chen ◽  
Dengsong Zhang ◽  
Xianjie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Nitrogen Doped

scholarly journals An Exploratory Examination on Small Scale Sugarcane Harvesting Machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5265-5268
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
By Products

The work in this paper is focused , about the sugarcane harvesting machine, as India is considered as one of the higher consumers and producers of sugarcane and its by products and to due to huge population, there is a high demand of sugarcane and to meet the demand of population, large scale production has to be adopted, hence for farming and harvesting the sugarcane an automated, low cost harvester is necessary for the farmers to reduce the efforts of sugarcane harvesting and to increase the rate of sugar cane cutting. This machine will be helpful for the farmers having both small and big farms, the work on this paper was carried to identify the major options along with the opportunities and major chances for future enhancement in the field of agriculture industries.

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbons from Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Parchment and Assessment of Their Adsorbent Efficiency

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1396
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Figueroa Campos ◽  
Jeffrey Paulo H. Perez ◽  
Inga Block ◽  
Sorel Tchewonpi Sagu ◽  
Pedro Saravia Celis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Spent Coffee Grounds ◽  
Hydrophobic Compounds ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
By Products

The valorization of coffee wastes through modification to activated carbon has been considered as a low-cost adsorbent with prospective to compete with commercial carbons. So far, very few studies have referred to the valorization of coffee parchment into activated carbon. Moreover, low-cost and efficient activation methods need to be more investigated. The aim of this work was to prepare activated carbon from spent coffee grounds and parchment, and to assess their adsorption performance. The co-calcination processing with calcium carbonate was used to prepare the activated carbons, and their adsorption capacity for organic acids, phenolic compounds and proteins was evaluated. Both spent coffee grounds and parchment showed yields after the calcination and washing treatments of around 9.0%. The adsorption of lactic acid was found to be optimal at pH 2. The maximum adsorption capacity of lactic acid with standard commercial granular activated carbon was 73.78 mg/g, while the values of 32.33 and 14.73 mg/g were registered for the parchment and spent coffee grounds activated carbons, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm showed that lactic acid was adsorbed as a monolayer and distributed homogeneously on the surface. Around 50% of total phenols and protein content from coffee wastewater were adsorbed after treatment with the prepared activated carbons, while 44, 43, and up to 84% of hydrophobic compounds were removed using parchment, spent coffee grounds and commercial activated carbon, respectively; the adsorption efficiencies of hydrophilic compounds ranged between 13 and 48%. Finally, these results illustrate the potential valorization of coffee by-products parchment and spent coffee grounds into activated carbon and their use as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of organic compounds from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Peptidomic Approach for the Identification of Peptides with Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperthensive Effects Derived From Asparagus By-Products

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Maria Montone ◽  
Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi ◽  
Nicola Marchetti ◽  
Andrea Cerrato ◽  
Michela Antonelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
By Products

Asparagus waste represents products of great interest since many compounds with high biological value are located in the lower portion of the spears. The extraction of bioactive compounds from asparagus by-products is therefore crucial for the purpose of adding value to these by-products. In this paper, bioactive peptides from asparagus waste were extracted, digested, purified and identified. In particular, Alcalase® was chosen as the enzyme to use to obtain protein hydrolysate due to its low cost and, consequently, the possibility of implementing the method on a large scale. In order to simplify the peptide extract to reach better identification, the hydrolysate was fractionated by reversed-phase chromatography in 10 fractions. Two tests were carried out for antioxidant activity (ABTS-DPPH) and one for antihypertensive activity (ACE). Fractions with a higher bioactivity score were identified by peptidomics technologies and screened for bioactivity with the use of bioinformatics. For ACE-inhibitor activity, two peptides were synthetized, PDWFLLL and ASQSIWLPGWL, which provided an EC50 value of 1.76 µmol L−1 and 4.02 µmol L−1, respectively. For the antioxidant activity, by DPPH assay, MLLFPM exhibited the lowest EC50 value at 4.14 µmol L−1, followed by FIARNFLLGW and FAPVPFDF with EC50 values of 6.76 µmol L−1 and 10.01 µmol L−1, respectively. A validation of the five identified peptides was also carried out. The obtained results showed that peptides obtained from asparagus by-products are of interest for their biological activity and are suitable for being used as functional ingredients.

scholarly journals Sorption-desorption isotherms of dyes from aqueous solutions and wastewaters with different sorbent meterials

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bleaching Earth ◽  
Sorption Model ◽  
Isotherm Equation ◽  
Linear Sorption ◽  
By Products ◽  
Dye Solutions

The ability of activated carbon and different low-cost by-products and waste material as sorbents to remove various reactive dyes from aqueous solutions and wastewaters was investigated. All aqueous dye solutions contained 2,000 mg l-1 NaCl, to mimic real dye wastewater. Batch kinetic and isotherm experiments were conducted to determine the sorption-desorption behavior of the examined dyes from aqueous solutions and wastewaters by different sorbents, including activated carbon, fly ash, bentonite and bleaching earth. The results from the aqueous solutions indicate that the form of the isotherm equation is not necessarily unique for best description of both sorption and desorption data. The values of the isotherm parameters are not the same, indicating a significant hysteresis effect. Of the 9 sorption systems tested, 5 are best described by the Freundlich, 3 by the Langmuir and 1 by the linear sorption model. Of the 7 desorption systems tested, 5 are best described by the Freundlich and 2 by the linear model. In all cases, the sorption capacity for dye removal was higher for activated carbon, followed by fly-ash and then by bentonite.

scholarly journals Preparation of High-Performance Adsorbent From Low-Cost Agricultural Waste (Peanut Husk) Using Full Factorial Design: Application to Dye Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 6619-6628 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Full Factorial

Dye pollution becomes one of the significant environmental concerns nowadays. The adsorption technique is a potent method for the removal of the dye from wastewater effluents. Conventional activated carbon is one of the best adsorbents for dye removal. However, it is constraint due to high cost, and problems with regeneration hamper large scale applications. The alternative method using low-cost adsorbent is being introduced to replace the activated carbon since they are available in large quantities, renewable and inexpensive. Hence, peanut husk (Canavalia Ensiformis) as absorbent was investigated for its potential in Malachite Green (MG) dye removal. The effects of dye concentration (25 and 100 mg/L), temperature (30 and 60 °C), and adsorbent dosage (25 and 100 mg) on MG dye removal percentage were designed and optimized using two levels full factorial design. Based on the optimization process, it was determined that the 25 mg/L of dye concentration, 60 °C of temperature, and 100mg of adsorbent dosage resulted in the highest removal efficiency of 84.85 % and 91.83 % for untreated and treated adsorbent, respectively. In conclusion, treated peanut husk has shown its great potential as low-cost adsorbent based on the removal efficiency.

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