scholarly journals Regulation of the Extracellular Matrix by Ciliary Machinery

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Collins I ◽  
Wann A.K.T
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Primary Cilium ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cellular Signalling ◽  
The Matrix

The primary cilium is an organelle involved in cellular signalling. Mutations affecting proteins involved in cilia assembly or function result in diseases known as ciliopathies, which cause a wide variety of phenotypes across multiple tissues. These mutations disrupt various cellular processes, including regulation of the extracellular matrix. The matrix is important for maintaining tissue homeostasis through influencing cell behaviour and providing structural support; therefore, the matrix changes observed in ciliopathies have been implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Whilst many studies have associated the cilium with processes that regulate the matrix, exactly how these matrix changes arise is not well characterised. This review aims to bring together the direct and indirect evidence for ciliary regulation of matrix, in order to summarise the possible mechanisms by which the ciliary machinery could regulate the composition, secretion, remodelling and organisation of the matrix.

scholarly journals Distinct extracellular-matrix remodeling events precede symptoms of inflammation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elee Shimshoni ◽  
Idan Adir ◽  
Ran Afik ◽  
Inna Solomonov ◽  
Anjana Shenoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Clinical Potential

AbstractIdentification of early processes leading to complex tissue pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, poses a major scientific and clinical challenge that is imperative for improved diagnosis and treatment. Most studies of inflammation onset focus on cellular processes and signaling molecules, while overlooking the environment in which they take place, the continuously remodeled extracellular matrix. In this study, we used colitis models for investigating extracellular-matrix dynamics during disease onset, while treating the matrix as a complete and defined entity. Through the analysis of matrix structure, stiffness and composition, we unexpectedly revealed that even prior to the first clinical symptoms, the colon displays its own unique extracellular-matrix signature and found specific markers of clinical potential, which were also validated in human subjects. We also show that the emergence of this pre-symptomatic matrix is mediated by sub-clinical infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes bearing remodeling enzymes. Remarkably, whether the inflammation is chronic or acute, its matrix signature converges at pre-symptomatic states. We suggest that the existence of a pre-symptomatic extracellular-matrix is general and relevant to a wide range of diseases.

scholarly journals The matrix in focus: new directions in extracellular matrix research from the 2021 ASMB hybrid meeting

Biology Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Nerger ◽  
Tia M. Jones ◽  
Keron W. J. Rose ◽  
Anna Barqué ◽  
Justin S. Weinbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Scientific Meeting ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Architectural Support ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
American Society ◽  
Molecular Signals

ABSTRACT The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex assembly of macromolecules that provides both architectural support and molecular signals to cells and modulate their behaviors. Originally considered a passive mechanical structure, decades of research have since demonstrated how the ECM dynamically regulates a diverse set of cellular processes in development, homeostasis, and disease progression. In September 2021, the American Society for Matrix Biology (ASMB) organized a hybrid scientific meeting, integrating in-person and virtual formats, to discuss the latest developments in ECM research. Here, we highlight exciting scientific advances that emerged from the meeting including (1) the use of model systems for fundamental and translation ECM research, (2) ECM-targeting approaches as therapeutic modalities, (3) cell-ECM interactions, and (4) the ECM as a critical component of tissue engineering strategies. In addition, we discuss how the ASMB incorporated mentoring, career development, and diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives in both virtual and in-person events. Finally, we reflect on the hybrid scientific conference format and how it will help the ASMB accomplish its mission moving forward.

Analysis of the glycopeptides derived from the extracellular matrix secreted by cultured bovine aortic smooth muscle cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 595-601
Author(s):  
James R. A. Leushner
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
The Matrix

Modulation of smooth muscle cell behaviour in culture has been associated with changes in the extracellular matrix. In the present study cultures of bovine aortic smooth muscle cells were compared in the rapidly proliferating and confluent phases of growth. The extracellular matrix was similar in both phases of growth and consisted of glycoproteins ranging from molecular weight 20 000 to over 200 000. The glycopeptides derived from these components displayed several differences. N-linked heteropolysaccharides of the biantennary and complex (more than two branches) types were predominant in the matrix of the confluent phase. Larger amounts of high mannose glycopeptides were present in the preparations from proliferating cells. O-Glycosidic glycopeptides were minor components in both preparations, but a slight increase was noted in the confluent phase of growth. Some of the changes in glycopeptides were interpreted in terms of the levels of the major components of the matrix such as the interstitial procollagens and fibronectin. The results indicate that processing of oligosaccharides associated with secreted glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix correlates with the state of growth of smooth muscle cells in culture.

scholarly journals Neuroblastoma Invasion Strategies Are Regulated by the Extracellular Matrix

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Cian Gavin ◽  
Nele Geerts ◽  
Brenton Cavanagh ◽  
Meagan Haynes ◽  
C. Patrick Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Distinct Cell

Neuroblastoma is a paediatric malignancy of the developing sympathetic nervous system. About half of the patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and a survival rate of less than 50%. Our understanding of the cellular processes promoting neuroblastoma metastases will be facilitated by the development of appropriate experimental models. In this study, we aimed to explore the invasion of neuroblastoma cells and organoids from patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) grown embedded in 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels by time-lapse microscopy and quantitative image analysis. We found that the ECM composition influenced the growth, viability and local invasion of organoids. The ECM compositions induced distinct cell behaviours, with Matrigel being the preferred substratum for local organoid invasion. Organoid invasion was cell line- and PDX-dependent. We identified six distinct phenotypes in PDX-derived organoids. In contrast, NB cell lines were more phenotypically restricted in their invasion strategies, as organoids isolated from cell line-derived xenografts displayed a broader range of phenotypes compared to clonal cell line clusters. The addition of FBS and bFGF induced more aggressive cell behaviour and a broader range of phenotypes. In contrast, the repression of the prognostic neuroblastoma marker, MYCN, resulted in less aggressive cell behaviour. The combination of PDX organoids, real-time imaging and the novel 3D culture assays developed herein will enable rapid progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that control neuroblastoma invasion.

scholarly journals Variants in LAMC3 Causes Occipital Cortical Malformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohang Qian ◽  
Xiaoying Liu ◽  
Zeyu Zhu ◽  
Shige Wang ◽  
Xiaoxuan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Cortical Malformation ◽  
Pathway Enrichment ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Normal Functional ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
Related Proteins

Occipital cortical malformation (OCCM) is a disease caused by malformations of cortical development characterized by polymicrogyria and pachygyria of the occipital lobes and childhood-onset seizures. The recessive or complex heterozygous variants of the LAMC3 gene are identified as the cause of OCCM. In the present study, we identified novel complex heterozygous variants (c.470G > A and c.4030 + 1G > A) of the LAMC3 gene in a Chinese female with childhood-onset seizures. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging was normal. Functional experiments confirmed that both variant sites caused premature truncation of the laminin γ3 chain. Bioinformatics analysis predicted 10 genes interacted with LAMC3 with an interaction score of 0.4 (P value = 1.0e–16). The proteins encoded by these genes were mainly located in the basement membrane and extracellular matrix component. Furthermore, the biological processes and molecular functions from gene ontology analysis indicated that laminin γ3 chain and related proteins played an important role in structural support and cellular processes through protein-containing complex binding and signaling receptor binding. KEGG pathway enrichment predicted that the LAMC3 gene variant was most likely to participate in the occurrence and development of OCCM through extracellular matrix receptor interaction and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

scholarly journals The Matrix Reloaded: How Sensing the Extracellular Matrix Synchronizes Bacterial Communities

2015 ◽  
Vol 197 (13) ◽  
pp. 2092-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitai Steinberg ◽  
Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Communicative Behaviors ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Active Player ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Different Cell Types

In response to chemical communication, bacterial cells often organize themselves into complex multicellular communities that carry out specialized tasks. These communities are frequently referred to as biofilms, which involve the collective behavior of different cell types. Like cells of multicellular eukaryotes, the biofilm cells are surrounded by self-produced polymers that constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM), which binds them to each other and to the surface. In multicellular eukaryotes, it has been evident for decades that cell-ECM interactions control multiple cellular processes during development. While cells both in biofilms and in multicellular eukaryotes are surrounded by ECM and activate various genetic programs, until recently it has been unclear whether cell-ECM interactions are recruited in bacterial communicative behaviors. In this review, we describe the examples reported thus far for ECM involvement in control of cell behavior throughout the different stages of biofilm formation. The studies presented in this review have provided a newly emerging perspective of the bacterial ECM as an active player in regulation of biofilm development.

scholarly journals Extracellular matrix guidance of autophagy: a mechanism regulating cancer growth

Open Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn G. Chen ◽  
Renato V. Iozzo
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Signalling Cascades ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Intracellular Process ◽  
Cellular Pathways

The extracellular matrix (ECM) exists as a dynamic network of biophysical and biochemical factors that maintain tissue homeostasis. Given its sensitivity to changes in the intra- and extracellular space, the plasticity of the ECM can be pathological in driving disease through aberrant matrix remodelling. In particular, cancer uses the matrix for its proliferation, angiogenesis, cellular reprogramming and metastatic spread. An emerging field of matrix biology focuses on proteoglycans that regulate autophagy, an intracellular process that plays both critical and contextual roles in cancer. Here, we review the most prominent autophagic modulators from the matrix and the current understanding of the cellular pathways and signalling cascades that mechanistically drive their autophagic function. We then critically assess how their autophagic functions influence tumorigenesis, emphasizing the complexities and stage-dependent nature of this relationship in cancer. We highlight novel emerging data on immunoglobulin-containing and proline-rich receptor-1, heparanase and thrombospondin 1 in autophagy and cancer. Finally, we further discuss the pro- and anti-autophagic modulators originating from the ECM, as well as how these proteoglycans and other matrix constituents specifically influence cancer progression.

Extracellular matrix: the gatekeeper of tumor angiogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1543-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Mongiat ◽  
Simone Buraschi ◽  
Eva Andreuzzi ◽  
Thomas Neill ◽  
Renato V. Iozzo
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tumor Angiogenesis ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Cancer Growth ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Multiple Signaling

Abstract The extracellular matrix is a network of secreted macromolecules that provides a harmonious meshwork for the growth and homeostatic development of organisms. It conveys multiple signaling cascades affecting specific surface receptors that impact cell behavior. During cancer growth, this bioactive meshwork is remodeled and enriched in newly formed blood vessels, which provide nutrients and oxygen to the growing tumor cells. Remodeling of the tumor microenvironment leads to the formation of bioactive fragments that may have a distinct function from their parent molecules, and the balance among these factors directly influence cell viability and metastatic progression. Indeed, the matrix acts as a gatekeeper by regulating the access of cancer cells to nutrients. Here, we will critically evaluate the role of selected matrix constituents in regulating tumor angiogenesis and provide up-to-date information concerning their primary mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals von Willebrand factor released from Weibel-Palade bodies binds more avidly to extracellular matrix than that secreted constitutively

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1531-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Sporn ◽  
VJ Marder ◽  
DD Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Cultured Endothelial Cells ◽  
Human Foreskin Fibroblasts ◽  
Platelet Binding ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

Abstract Large multimers of von Willebrand factor (vWf) are released from the Weibel-Palade bodies of cultured endothelial cells following treatment with a secretagogue (Sporn et al, Cell 46:185, 1986). These multimers were shown by immunofluorescent staining to bind more extensively to the extracellular matrix of human foreskin fibroblasts than constitutively secreted vWf, which is composed predominantly of dimeric molecules. Increased binding of A23187-released vWf was not due to another component present in the releasate, since releasate from which vWf was adsorbed, when added together with constitutively secreted vWf, did not promote binding. When iodinated plasma vWf was overlaid onto the fibroblasts, the large forms bound preferentially to the matrix. These results indicated that the enhanced binding of the vWf released from the Weibel-Palade bodies was likely due to its large multimeric size. It appears that multivalency is an important component of vWf interaction with the extracellular matrix, just as has been shown for vWf interaction with platelets. The pool of vWf contained within the Weibel-Palade bodies, therefore, is not only especially suited for platelet binding, but also for interaction with the extracellular matrix.

scholarly journals Maternal Uterine Vascular Remodeling During Pregnancy

Physiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Osol ◽  
Maurizio Mandala
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Growth And Remodeling ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Uteroplacental Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Circulation

Sufficient uteroplacental blood flow is essential for normal pregnancy outcome and is accomplished by the coordinated growth and remodeling of the entire uterine circulation, as well as the creation of a new fetal vascular organ: the placenta. The process of remodeling involves a number of cellular processes, including hyperplasia and hypertrophy, rearrangement of existing elements, and changes in extracellular matrix. In this review, we provide information on uterine blood flow increases during pregnancy, the influence of placentation type on the distribution of uterine vascular resistance, consideration of the patterns, nature, and extent of maternal uterine vascular remodeling during pregnancy, and what is known about the underlying cellular mechanisms.

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