scholarly journals Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Reduces Metabolic Impairment in Male Mouse Offspring from Obese Mothers

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Golam M. Uddin ◽  
Neil A. Youngson ◽  
Sabiha S. Chowdhury ◽  
Christopher Hagan ◽  
David A. Sinclair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Liver Triglycerides

Maternal obesity impacts offspring metabolism. We sought to boost mitochondrial energy metabolism using the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to treat metabolic impairment induced by maternal and long-term post weaning over-nutrition. Male offspring of lean or obese mothers, fed chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks post-weaning, were given NMN injection, starting at 31 weeks of age, daily for 3 weeks before sacrifice. Glucose tolerance was tested at 10, 29 and 32 weeks of age to measure short and long term effects of post-weaning HFD, and NMN treatment. Plasma insulin and triglycerides, liver triglycerides and expression of mitochondrial metabolism-related genes were measured at 34 weeks. Impaired glucose tolerance due to maternal and post weaning HFD was significantly improved by only 8 days of NMN treatment. Furthermore, in offspring of obese mothers hepatic lipid accumulation was reduced due to NMN treatment by 50% and 23% in chow and HFD fed offspring respectively. Hepatic genes involved in fat synthesis, transport and uptake were reduced, while those involved in fatty acid oxidation were increased by NMN. Overall this finding suggests short term administration of NMN could be a therapeutic approach for treating metabolic disease due to maternal and post weaning over-nutrition, even in late adulthood.

scholarly journals Maternal Overnutrition Induces Long-Term Cognitive Deficits across Several Generations

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitalee Sarker ◽  
Daria Peleg-Raibstein
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Overnutrition

Ample evidence from epidemiological studies has linked maternal obesity with metabolic disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in the next generation. Recently, it was also shown that maternal obesity has long-term effects on the progeny’s central nervous system. However, very little is known regarding how maternal overnutrition may affect, in particular, the cognitive abilities of the offspring. We reported that first-generation offspring exposed to a maternal high-fat diet (MHFD) displayed age-dependent cognitive deficits. These deficits were associated with attenuations of amino acid levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus regions of MHFD offspring. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MHFD in mice may induce long-term cognitive impairments and neurochemical dysfunctions in the second and third generations. We found that MHFD led to cognitive disabilities and an altered response to a noncompetitive receptor antagonist of the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor in adult MHFD offspring in both second and third generations in a sex-specific manner. Our results suggest that maternal overnutrition leads to an increased risk of developing obesity in subsequent generations as well as to cognitive impairments, affecting learning and memory processes in adulthood. Furthermore, MHFD exposure may facilitate pathological brain aging which is not a consequence of obesity. Our findings shed light on the long-term effects of maternal overnutrition on the development of the central nervous system and the underlying mechanisms which these traits relate to disease predisposition.

Long-term administration of PACAP receptor antagonist, PACAP(6-27), impairs glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese diabetic ob/ob mice

Peptides ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 2343-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Green ◽  
Nigel Irwin ◽  
Roslyn S. Cassidy ◽  
Victor A. Gault ◽  
Peter R. Flatt
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Term Administration

Reproductive fluids, added to the culture media, contribute to minimizing phenotypical differences between in vitro-derived and artificial insemination-derived piglets

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Evelyne París-Oller ◽  
Cristina Soriano-Úbeda ◽  
Ramsés Belda-Pérez ◽  
Lucía Sarriás-Gil ◽  
Jordana S. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Reproductive Techniques

Abstract The addition of reproductive fluids (RF) to the culture media has shown benefits in different embryonic traits but its long-term effects on the offspring phenotype are still unknown. We aimed to describe such effects in pigs. Blood samples and growth parameters were collected from piglets derived from in vitro-produced embryos (IVP) with or without RF added in the culture media versus those artificially inseminated (AI), from day 0 to month 6 of life. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on day 45 of life. We show here the first comparative data of the growth of animals produced through different assisted reproductive techniques, demonstrating differences between groups. Overall, there was a tendency to have a larger size at birth and faster growth in animals derived from in vitro fertilization and embryo culture versus AI, although this trend was diminished by the addition of RFs to the culture media. Similarly, small differences in hematological indices and glucose tolerance between animals derived from AI and those derived from IVP, with a sex-dependent effect, tended to fade in the presence of RF. The addition of RF to the culture media could contribute to minimizing the phenotypical differences between the in vitro-derived and AI offspring, particularly in males.

Long-term effects of dietary fiber on glucose tolerance and gastric emptying in noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
T K Ray ◽  
K M Mansell ◽  
L C Knight ◽  
L S Malmud ◽  
O E Owen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Long Term Effects

Long-term administration of maxadilan improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice

Peptides ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1347-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongjie Yu ◽  
Tianhong Yi ◽  
Shanshan Xie ◽  
An Hong
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Term Administration

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Effects of Long-Term Central and Peripheral Administration of Urocortin, Corticotropin-Releasing Factor, and Adrenocorticotropin in Sheep

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. 5598-5604 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Weisinger ◽  
J. R. Blair-West ◽  
P. Burns ◽  
D. A. Denton ◽  
B. Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Actions ◽  
Term Administration

Abstract The neuroendocrine hormones ACTH and corticotropin- releasing factor (CRF), which are involved in the stress response, have acute effects on arterial pressure. New evidence indicates that urocortin (UCN), the putative agonist for the CRF type 2 receptor, has selective cardiovascular actions. The responses to long-term infusions of these hormones, both peripherally and centrally, in conscious animals have not been studied. Knowledge of the long-term effects is important because they may differ considerably from their acute actions, and stress is frequently a chronic stimulus. The present experiments investigated the cardiovascular effects of CRF, UCN, and ACTH in conscious sheep. Infusions were made either into the lateral cerebral ventricles (icv) or iv over 4 d at 5 μg/h. UCN infused icv or iv caused a prolonged increase in heart rate (HR) (P < 0.01) and a small increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (P < 0.05). CRF infused icv or iv progressively increased MAP (P < 0.05) but had no effect on HR. Central administration of ACTH had no effect, whereas systemic infusion increased MAP and HR (P < 0.001). In conclusion, long-term administration of these three peptides associated with the stress response had prolonged, selective cardiovascular actions. The striking finding was the large and sustained increase in HR with icv and iv infusions of UCN. These responses are probably mediated by CRF type 2 receptors because they were not reproduced by infusions of CRF.

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