Current Insights into Atopic March

The incidence of allergic diseases is increasing, and research on their epidemiology, pathophysiology, and the prevention of onset is urgently needed. The onset of allergic disease begins in infancy with atopic dermatitis and food allergy and develops into allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis in childhood; the process is defined as “atopic march”. Atopic march is caused by multiple immunological pathways, including allergen exposure, environmental pollutants, skin barrier dysfunction, type 2 inflammation, and oxidative stress, which promote the progression of atopic march. Using recent evidence, herein, we explain the involvement of allergic inflammatory conditions and oxidative stress in the process of atopic march, its epidemiology, and methods for prevention of onset.

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Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis

Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia ◽

10.29021/spdv.79.3.1405 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 207-216

Author(s):

Tiago Fernandes Gomes ◽

Rebeca Calado ◽

Margarida Gonçalo

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Initial Step ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Epidermal Barrier ◽

Atopic March ◽

T Helper 2 ◽

Barrier Repair

Impaired skin barrier is one of the hallmarks of atopic dermatitis (AD), with abnormalities in the cornified envelope, lipid lamellae, tight junctions and cutaneous microbiome. These findings are also present in nonlesional skin of AD individuals, suggesting that epidermal barrier defects may be the initial step towards the development of AD and eventually other atopic diseases (atopic march). It is currently known that pathophysiology of AD involves an interplay between this dysfunctional skin barrier and a predominantly type 2 skewed innate and adaptive immune responses, which further disrupt the skin barrier through type 2 cytokines. In this setting, there is enhanced penetration of environmental and food allergens through a deficient barrier, leading to an increased susceptibility to sensitization. During the sensitization process, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) polarizes skin dendritic cells to a T-helper 2 response, and TSLP seems to be a key cytokine in the sensitization of food allergy, allergic asthma and rhinitis. In this review, the authors describe the current knowledge of the pathophysiology of the epidermal barrier, its disruption in AD and how it may be involved in the development of atopic comorbidities and the role of barrier repair therapy on the prevention of the atopic march progression.

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910-P: Relationship between Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-910-p ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 910-P

Author(s):

YO KOHATA ◽

MAKOTO OHARA ◽

TOMOKI FUJIKAWA ◽

HIROE NAGAIKE ◽

HIDEKI KUSHIMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Monitoring ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin: a Common Player for Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399816999201012200537 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Nataly Guzmán-Herrera ◽

Viridiana C. Pérez-Nájera ◽

Luis A. Salazar-Olivo

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Regulatory Networks ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Oxidative Stresses ◽

Bibliographic Search ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background: Numerous studies have shown a significant association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), two pathologies affecting millions of people worldwide. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are two conditions common to these diseases also affecting the activity of the serpin alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), but a possible common role for this serpin in T2D and AD remains unclear. Objective: To explore the possible regulatory networks linking ACT to T2D and AD. Materials and Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed, Med-line, Open-i, ScienceDirect, Scopus and SpringerLink for data indicating or suggesting association among T2D, AD, and ACT. Searched terms like “alpha-1-antichymotrypsin”, “type 2 diabetes”, “Alzheimer's disease”, “oxidative stress”, “pro-inflammatory mediators” among others were used. Moreover, common therapeutic strategies between T2D and AD as well as the use of ACT as a therapeutic target for both diseases were included. Results: ACT has been linked with development and maintenance of T2D and AD and studies suggest their participation through activation of inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress, mechanisms also associated with both diseases. Likewise, evidences indicate that diverse therapeutic approaches are common to both diseases. Conclusion: Inflammatory and oxidative stresses constitute a crossroad for T2D and AD where ACT could play an important role. In-depth research on ACT involvement in these two dysfunctions could generate new therapeutic strategies for T2D and AD.

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Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530319666191016103222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 584-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shima Fathi ◽

Shiva Borzouei ◽

Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽

Jalal Poorolajal ◽

Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

The Difference ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a progressive metabolic disorder. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between antioxidant and oxidative stress markers in the saliva of patients with type 2 DM and a healthy control group. Methods: In this study, 20 patients with diabetes and 20 healthy individuals were evaluated. Salivary antioxidants markers consisted of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), uric acid (UA), peroxidase and catalase. Oxidative stress markers included total oxidant status (TOS), malondealdehyde (MDA) and total thiol (SH). Sialochemical analysis was performed with spectrophotometric assay. All the statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software. Results: TAC decreased significantly in patients with diabetes. Although salivary UA and peroxidase were lower in patients with diabetes compared to the control group, the difference was not significant. Salivary catalase in patients with diabetes was significantly lower than that in the control group. MDA and TOS exhibited significantly higher levels in type 2 DM. SH levels were slightly higher in DM. Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, there were some changes in the salivary levels of some antioxidants and oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 DM and could be measured as an indicator of serum changes..

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Novel Soy Germ Pasta Improves Endothelial Function, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Figure 1

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc11-0495 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 34 (9) ◽

pp. 1946-1948 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Carlo Clerici ◽

Elisabetta Nardi ◽

Pier Maria Battezzati ◽

Stefania Asciutti ◽

Danilo Castellani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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MicroRNAs and Oxidative Stress: An Intriguing Crosstalk to Be Exploited in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10050802 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 802

Author(s):

Teresa Vezza ◽

Aranzazu M. de Marañón ◽

Francisco Canet ◽

Pedro Díaz-Pozo ◽

Miguel Marti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Critical Role ◽

Cell Dysfunction ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

And Oxidative Stress ◽

Molecular Crosstalk

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease widespread throughout the world, with significant human, social, and economic costs. Its multifactorial etiology leads to persistent hyperglycemia, impaired carbohydrate and fat metabolism, chronic inflammation, and defects in insulin secretion or insulin action, or both. Emerging evidence reveals that oxidative stress has a critical role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species can promote an imbalance between the production and neutralization of antioxidant defence systems, thus favoring lipid accumulation, cellular stress, and the activation of cytosolic signaling pathways, and inducing β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and tissue inflammation. Over the last few years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted growing attention as important mediators of diverse aspects of oxidative stress. These small endogenous non-coding RNAs of 19–24 nucleotides act as negative regulators of gene expression, including the modulation of redox signaling pathways. The present review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning the molecular crosstalk that takes place between oxidative stress and microRNAs in the physiopathology of type 2 diabetes, with a special emphasis on its potential as a therapeutic target.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Linked Cardiac Dysfunction: An Up-Date on Current Knowledge

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10030629 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 629

Author(s):

Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas ◽

Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez ◽

Alejandra Meza-Rios ◽

Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez ◽

Marina Galicia-Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cardiac Dysfunction ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

White Adipocyte ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation, and worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. Excess of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides in obese individuals promote ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, skeletal muscle tissue, and heart, among others, inducing insulin resistance, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2D), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These diseases are promoted by visceral white adipocyte tissue (WAT) dysfunction through an increase in pro-inflammatory adipokines, oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and adverse changes in the gut microbiome. In the heart, obesity and T2D induce changes in substrate utilization, tissue metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, leading to myocardial fibrosis and ultimately cardiac dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, also improve insulin sensitivity, triglyceride levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity-linked CVD pathophysiology, considering pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones, as well as the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and PPARs. In addition, cell lines and animal models, biomarkers, gut microbiota dysbiosis, epigenetic modifications, and current therapeutic treatments in CVD associated with obesity are outlined in this paper.

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