scholarly journals Clinical Significance of the Fetuin-A-to-Adiponectin Ratio in Obese Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Moon-Bae Ahn ◽  
Seul-Ki Kim ◽  
Shin-Hee Kim ◽  
Won-Kyoung Cho ◽  
Jin-Soon Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
Β Cell Function

Fetuin-A and adiponectin are inflammatory cytokines associated with obesity and insulin resistance. This study aimed to examine the fetuin-A-to-adiponectin ratio (FAR) in diabetic children and to determine the role of FAR. A total of 54 children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 44 controls aged 9–16 years were included in this study. Clinical characteristics, including plasma fetuin-A and adiponectin levels, were compared with respect to body mass index (BMI) and diabetes type. Of 98 children, 54.1% were obese, whereas 18.4% were obese and diabetic. FAR was higher in obese children with DM than in non-obese children and also in type 2 DM children than in type 1. FAR showed a stronger association with BMI than with fetuin-A and adiponectin individually, and its association was more prominent in diabetic children than in controls. BMI was a risk factor for increased FAR. Plasma fetuin-A was elevated in obese children, and its association with insulin resistance and β cell function seemed more prominent in diabetic children after adjustment for adiponectin. Thus, FAR could be a useful surrogate for the early detection of childhood metabolic complications in diabetic children, particularly those who are obese.

scholarly journals Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes in Renal Transplant Recipients: An Update

Nephron ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ana Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Esteban Porrini ◽  
Mads Hornum ◽  
Javier Donate-Correa ◽  
Raúl Morales-Febles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Β Cell Function

Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent and relevant complication after renal transplantation: it affects 20–30% of renal transplant recipients and increases the risk for cardiovascular and infectious events. Thus, understanding pathogenesis of PTDM would help limiting its consequences. In this review, we analyse novel aspects of PTDM, based on studies of the last decade, such as the clinical evolution of PTDM, early and late, the reversibility rate, diagnostic criteria, risk factors, including pre-transplant metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance (IR) and the interaction between these factors and immunosuppressive medications. Also, we discuss novel pathogenic factors, in particular the role of β-cell function in an environment of IR and common pathways between pre-existing cell damage and tacrolimus-induced toxicity. The relevant role of prediabetes in the pathogenesis of PTDM and cardiovascular disease is also addressed. Finally, current evidence on PTDM treatment is discussed.

scholarly journals Circulating PGRN Levels Are Increased but Not Associated with Insulin Sensitivity or β-Cell Function in Chinese Obese Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fengyun Wang ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Ling Sun ◽  
Haitao Lv ◽  
Xuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Β Cell Function

Progranulin (PGRN), a novel peptide that has recently emerged as an important regulatory adipokine, is relevant to energy homeostasis and obesity in animals and adult humans. Little is known about its roles in children. The aim of the current study was to determine the potential role of PGRN and explore its relationship to various obesity-related markers in obese children. This was a cross-sectional study composed of 77 children (43 obese and 34 healthy, age 8.68 ± 0.28 and 8.46 ± 0.45 years, resp.). The PGRN levels were significantly higher in obese children (102.44 ± 4.18 ng/mL) comparing to controls (69.32 ± 5.49 ng/mL) (P<0.05). Moreover, the PGRN levels were positively correlated with triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), IL-6, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in obese children after adjusted for BMI and age. However, there was no correlation of serum PGRN levels with OGTT-derived dynamic parameters, HOMA-IR, or HOMA-β in obese children. The results suggest that serum PGRN levels are significantly higher in obese children in China and correlate significantly with obesity-related markers. Increased PGRN levels may be involved in the pathological mechanism of childhood obesity.

scholarly journals Effects of dynamic change in fetuin-A levels from the first to the second trimester on insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus: a nested case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuyao Jin ◽  
Lizi Lin ◽  
Na Han ◽  
Zhiling Zhao ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Fetuin A ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of dynamic change in fetuin-A levels before the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on insulin resistance and GDM.Research design and methodsA total of 135 women with GDM and 135 normal glucose tolerance (NGT) women with matched age (±2 years old) and gestational age at taking the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were included in this nested case–control study. Fasting venous blood samples were collected at the prenatal visit of the first trimester and during OGTT of the second trimester. Plasma concentration of fetuin-A and insulin was determined.ResultsThe plasma fetuin-A concentration in women with GDM was significantly higher than NGT controls in both the first trimester (medians: 403.0 pg/mL vs 273.4 pg/mL; p<0.05) and the second trimester (medians: 475.7 pg/mL vs 290.8 pg/mL; p<0.05) and notably increased from the first to the second trimester. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the change in fetuin-A concentration was associated with the changes in fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance, and HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA-β) (p<0.05). The highest quartile of the increase in fetuin-A concentration from the first to the second trimester was associated with a higher risk of developing GDM compared with the lowest quartile (OR 2.14; 95% CI 1.05 to 4.37).ConclusionsThe dynamic change in fetuin-A levels was associated with the changes in insulin resistance and β-cell function from the first to the second trimester, and was associated with an increased risk of the development of GDM, indicating that fetuin-A could be a biomarker to predict the risk of GDM.Trial registration numberNCT03814395.

scholarly journals African Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup L2 Is Associated With Slower Decline of β-cell Function and Lower Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Non-Hispanic, Black Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. e218-e225
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Todd T Brown ◽  
Weiqun Tong ◽  
David Samuels ◽  
Phyllis Tien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Susceptibility to metabolic diseases may be influenced by mitochondrial genetic variability among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH), but remains unexplored in populations with African ancestry. We investigated the association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups and the homeostatic model assessments of β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), as well as incident diabetes mellitus (DM), among Black women living with or at risk for HIV. Methods Women without DM who had fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI) data for ≥2 visits were included. Haplogroups were inferred from genotyping data using HaploGrep. HOMA-B and HOMA-IR were calculated using FG and FI data. Incident DM was defined by a combination of FG ≥ 126 mg/dL, the use of DM medication, a DM diagnosis, or hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%. We compared HOMA-B, HOMA-IR, and incident DM by haplogroups and assessed the associations between HOMA-B and HOMA-IR and DM by haplogroup. Results Of 1288 women (933 living with HIV and 355 living without HIV), PLWH had higher initial HOMA-B and HOMA-IR than people living without HIV. PLWH with haplogroup L2 had a slower decline in HOMA-B per year (Pinteraction = .02) and a lower risk of incident DM (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], .32–.82) than PLWH with other haplogroups after adjustments for age, body mass index, combination antiretroviral therapy use, CD4 cell counts, and HIV RNA. The impact of HOMA-IR on incident DM was less significant in those with haplogroup L2, compared to non-L2 (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, .70–2.38] vs 4.13 [95% CI, 3.28–5.22], respectively; Pinteraction &lt; .01), among PLWH. Conclusions Mitochondrial genetic variation is associated with β-cell functions and incident DM in non-Hispanic, Black women with HIV and alters the relationship between insulin resistance and DM.

scholarly journals Parity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a study of insulin resistance and β-cell function in women with multiple pregnancies

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ditte Smed Iversen ◽  
Julie Støy ◽  
Ulla Kampmann ◽  
Thomas Schmidt Voss ◽  
Lene Ring Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

Role of physical activity in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 805-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Deldin ◽  
SoJung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Currently, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver abnormality observed in obese children and adolescents. A strong body of evidence suggests that increased liver fat is significantly associated with visceral adiposity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents. Diet and exercise are generally recommended to treat obese youth with NAFLD as they do not carry side effects and confer multiple cardiometabolic benefits. Studies in adult populations report a beneficial effect of regular physical activity on reducing liver fat. In children and adolescents, available data show that weight loss induced by increasing physical activity and calorie restriction is beneficial to reduce liver fat and associated health risk factors such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Currently, evidence regarding the independent effects of regular exercise alone (e.g., without calorie restriction) on NAFLD are unclear. Additionally, there is no data regarding the optimal exercise regimen (e.g., type, dose, intensity) that should be prescribed for reducing NAFLD in children and adolescents. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of physical activity on NAFLD in children and adolescents.

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