scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and ESBL of Uropathogens Isolated from Adult Females in Najran Region of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-658
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yahia Alasmary
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: To explore the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) among female patients in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia and determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methods: This study was conducted on 136 urine samples collected from outpatient departments (OPDs) of the different government hospitals in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia. Over one year, the results of susceptibility testing reports of outpatient midstream urine samples from three government hospitals were prospectively evaluated. Results: Of 136 urine samples, only 123 (90.45%) were found to show significant growth for UTIs, from which 23 different uropathogens were identified. Escherichia coli (58.5%) was the most commonly isolated organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.1%). The isolated microorganism showed increased resistance patterns from 3.3% to 62.6%, with an overall resistance of 27.19%. Meropenem was the most effective antimicrobial, followed by amikacin and ertapenem (0.47%, 0.91%, and 1.5% resistance, respectively). At the same time, ampicillin and cephazolin were the least (62.6% and 59.5% resistance, respectively) effective. Overall, eleven (8.94%) uropathogens isolates were ESBLs, among which there were eight (6.5%) Escherichia coli, one (0.81%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, one (0.81%) Klebsiella oxytoca, and one (0.81%) Citrobacter amalonaticus. Conclusions: E. coli remains the most commonly isolated causative uropathogens, followed by Klebsiella species. The prevalence of pathogenic E. coli and Klebsiella species underscores the importance of developing cost-effective, precise, and rapid identification systems to minimize public exposure to uropathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility data revealed that most of the isolates were resistant to the majority of the antibiotics. The patients with UTIs in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia are at a high risk of antibiotic resistance, leading to significant problems in outpatient department (OPD) treatment outcomes and raising the alarm for the physician to change their empiric treatment.

scholarly journals Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the Urine Samples of Iranian Dogs: Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Yousefi ◽  
Saam Torkan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections in dogs. The present research was done to study the prevalence rate and antimicrobial resistance properties of UPEC strains isolated from healthy dogs and those which suffered from UTIs. Four-hundred and fifty urine samples were collected and cultured. E. coli-positive strains were subjected to disk diffusion and PCR methods. Two-hundred out of 450 urine samples (44.4%) were positive for E. coli. Prevalence of E. coli in healthy and infected dogs was 28% and 65%, respectively. Female had the higher prevalence of E. coli (P=0.039). Marked seasonality was also observed (P=0.024). UPEC strains had the highest levels of resistance against gentamicin (95%), ampicillin (85%), amikacin (70%), amoxicillin (65%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (65%). We found that 21.50% of UPEC strains had simultaneously resistance against more than 10 antibiotics. Aac(3)-IV (77%), CITM (52.5%), tetA (46.5%), and sul1 (40%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. Findings showed considerable levels of antimicrobial resistance among UPEC strains of Iranian dogs. Rapid identification of infected dogs and their treatment based on the results of disk diffusion can control the risk of UPEC strains.

Detection of KPC-2 gene in K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. mirabilis isolated from Urine sample of Urinary Tract Infection patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2292-2295
Author(s):  
Nargis . ◽  
Tayyab ur Rehman ◽  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Hanif Khan ◽  
Madina .
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Gene 4

Background: Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is an uprising problem worldwide. KPC is one of the important mechanisms of resistance in Enterobacteriaceae such as K. pneumoniae. Aims and Objectives: The current research focuses on the frequency of the KPC -2 gene in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine samples, as well as antibiotic resistance patterns. Methodology: Antibiotic sensitivity patterns were examined on 53 carbapenem-resistant isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae family. These isolates were subjected to the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and PCR for KPC 2 gene identification. Results: A total of 150 urine samples were processed for the isolation of the most prevalent Enterobacteriaceae. 125 Gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained in which the consistency of K. pneumonia was 50(40%),E. colin was 55(44%), and P. mirabilis was 20(16%). The test for susceptibility of antibioticresulted that among50 Klebsiella pneumoniae 40% were resistant to Imipenem, while in E. coli 54.4% and P. mirabilis 30 % were resistant to Imipenem respectively. PCR results show the gene KPC-2 out of 15 (75%) 2 (13.2%) Modified Hodge Test Positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. In total 83.3% (n=25) E. coli Modified Hodge Test positive and for the KPC-2 gene 4% were positive. Conclusion:This research demonstrates that in Enterobacteriaceae there isexistence of carbapenem resistance. Surveillance research and complete antibiotic prescription standards should be established at Pakistan's various hospitals to stop the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Key Words: Enterobacteriaceae, Urinary Tract Infections, Carbapenem, Modified Hodge test

scholarly journals Frequency and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from urine at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB Islam ◽  
ST Jhora ◽  
MA Yusuf ◽  
AFMA Sattar ◽  
S Shahidullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Infections due to extended spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae have become an important clinical problem. These organisms are important regarding the infection control by the physicians. Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ESBLs along with their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. Urine samples were collected from patients who were clinically suspected to have UTI. After incubation, plates were checked for presence of suspected pathogens. Organisms were identified to species level by conventional methods. All isolated E. coli and K. pneumoniae were included in the study. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by Kirby Bauer method on Muller Hinton agar. Isolates were screened for ESBL production by using disk diffusion of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and cefpodoxime placed on inoculated plates containing Muller Hinton agar according to the CLSI recommendations. Phenotypic confirmatory test for ESBL producers was done by combined disc diffusion for all the isolates that were screened positive for the ESBL production following CLSI guidelines. Combined disk diffusion method was also done in this study. Result: A total of 220 non repeated urine samples were cultured of which 132(60%) cases had shown the bacterial growth. Among the 132 samples Escherichia coli had found in 103(78.0%) cases and Klebsiella spp. was found in 14(10.6%) cases. Out of 103 E coli 23(22.3%) cases was found as ESBL strain. On the other hand within 14 Klebsiella species, the ESBL strain was found in 5(35.7%) cases. Both E coli and Klebsiella species were 100% sensitive to imipenem. However, cephamycin was sensitive in 93.7% and 100% in E coli and Klebsiella species respectively. Conclusion: Results indicate that routine ESBL detection should be made imperative and empirical use of third generation cephalosporins must be discouraged. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v4i1.11999 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2012;4(1):22-25

scholarly journals Modeling the antimicrobial resistance of enterobacteria responsible for Urinary Tract Infections in Benin: another way to Control or survey Antimicrobial Resistance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTORIEN DOUGNON ◽  
Phénix ASSOGBA ◽  
Jean-Pierre GNIMATIN ◽  
Jerrold AGBANKPE ◽  
Hornel KOUDOKPON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background: Infectious diseases are serious public health issue both in developing countries and industrialized countries. In developing countries, they are the main cause of high mortality rates. In the second group, existing resistance to antibiotics is developing growing at an alarming rate. The purpose of this study was to produce data of national interest to implement sustainable control of antimicrobial resistance as well as it spreads. Methods: One hundred ninety (190) urine samples were collected in several hospitals in Benin from patients suspected of having a urinary tract infection. After getting the inform consent from patients, samples collections were performed under aseptic conditions and were further subjected to bacteriological tests in the laboratory. The resistance profile of the bacterial strains identified was then established. The search for betalactamase production was performed by the synergy test between amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and cephalosporins. Mathematical modeling of the resistance of the strains identified by 2024 was finally carried out using compartmental deterministic models. Results: Two hundred thirty (230) strains were identified from urine samples. Male individuals were the most affected by urinary tract infections. Individuals in the 21-30 age groups were predominant. Escherichia coli was the most isolated bacterial species (32.43%) in this study followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.85%) and Enterobacter cloaceae (25.92%). The susceptibility testing of isolates bacteria to antibiotics showed a strong resistance of strains to amoxicillin (91.82%). The lowest resistance obtained was observed with imipenem (2%). The betalactamase was produced by 24.03% of the strains identified. Escherichia coli (32.43%) was indeed the most productive of betalactamase followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.03%). Mathematical modeling revealed a rampant rise in the resistance of bacteria to the antibiotics tested. Conclusions: These results provide important data for public health. They deserve constructive advocacy so that more specific actions are taken in relation to antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from UTI-Suspected Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza RANJBAR ◽  
Sedigheh NAZARI ◽  
Omid FARAHANI
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Phylogenetic Characterization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Escherichia coli as one of the most predominant pathogens is the major cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) worldwide. E. coli strains could be classified into distinct phylo-groups based on PCR method. Additionally, studying the antimicrobial resistance profiles of these strains is essential for finding the effective selection of treatment and evaluating the differences among resistance patterns of particular phylogenetic groups. This study aimed to determine the phylogroups of E. coli isolated from patients with UTI in Tehran, Iran. Methods: The urine samples were collected from patients suspected to UTI from four hospitals in Tehran, Iran; Mofid, Vali-Asr, Bu-Ali and Tehran Heart Center (THC) Hospitals during 2014-2016. Assessing the antimicrobial resistance profile of the identified strains was accomplished using ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime among β-lactam group; gentamicin, and streptomycin among aminoglycosides; nalidixic acid and norfloxacin from quinolones; and chloramphenicol disks. The phylogenetic characterization of 60 E. coli isolates obtained from patients with UTI was done by triplex PCR method. Results: E. coli strains showed high resistance toward streptomycin (93.33%), ampicillin (86.6%) and nalidixic acid (73.33%) while resistance against chloramphenicol showed the lowest (10%). The prevalent groups were B2 (n=50/60, 83%), followed by D (n=6/60, 10%), B1 (n=3/60, 5%), and A (n=1, 1.6%). Conclusion: The most predominant phylogenetic group was B2 with the major frequent detected with the major drug resistant (48%) compared to other Phylogenetic groups.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of microorganisms causing Urinary Tract Infections in Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bander Balkhi ◽  
Wael Mansy ◽  
Sultan AlGhadeer ◽  
Abdulrahman Alnuaim ◽  
Abdullah Alshehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) is one of the most common infections worldwide. UTIs remain a challenge to the healthcare system because of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study is to report the most common UTI-causative organisms associated with the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: a retrospective cross sectional study of 1918 positive urine culture samples of both gender collected over 9 months (May 2015 to February 2016) from a major tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: the median age of individuals involved in the study was 43 years, with males constituting 27.7% only of the population. Among cases deemed complicated (81.1%), common causes were diabetes, pregnancy, and immunocompromization, comprising 24.7%, 11.9%, and 10.8%, respectively.  Escherichia coli (52%) was the most common uropathogen, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%) Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus) (7%), and Enterococcus faecalis (5%). Overall sensitivity studies showed the most highly resistant uropathogen was Escherichia coli (60%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%) Enterococcus faecalis (3%), and Enterobacter cloacae (2%). Concerning the first defense antibiotics prescribed for UTI, E. coli was most frequently resistant to Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (47%) followed by ciprofloxacin (34%). K. pneumoniae was most frequently resistant to Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (35%) followed by cefuroxime (30%), while P. aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin (13%). Conclusion: Because of a high level of antimicrobial resistance amongst uropathogens in Saudi Arabia, the development of regional and national UTI guidelines is recommended.

scholarly journals ESBL Activity, MDR, and Carbapenem Resistance among Predominant Enterobacterales Isolated in 2019

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Altaf Bandy ◽  
Bilal Tantry
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Resistance Rates

Antimicrobial-resistance in Enterobacterales is a serious concern in Saudi Arabia. The present study retrospectively analyzed the antibiograms of Enterobacterales identified from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 from a referral hospital in the Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia. The revised document of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) CR-2015 and Magiorakos et al.’s document were used to define carbapenem resistance and classify resistant bacteria, respectively. The association of carbapenem resistance, MDR, and ESBL with various sociodemographic characteristics was assessed by the chi-square test and odds ratios. In total, 617 Enterobacterales were identified. The predominant (n = 533 (86.4%)) isolates consisted of 232 (37.6%), 200 (32.4%), and 101 (16.4%) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, respectively. In general, 432 (81.0%) and 128 (24.0%) isolates were of MDR and ESBL, respectively. The MDR strains were recovered in higher frequency from intensive care units (OR = 3.24 (1.78–5.91); p < 0.01). E. coli and K. pneumoniae resistance rates to imipenem (2.55 (1.21–5.37); p < 0.01) and meropenem (2.18 (1.01–4.67); p < 0.04), respectively, were significantly higher in winter. The data emphasize that MDR isolates among Enterobacterales are highly prevalent. The studied Enterobacterales exhibited seasonal variation in antimicrobial resistance rates towards carbapenems and ESBL activity.

scholarly journals Incidence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Community- and Hospital-Associated Intra-Abdominal Infections in Europe: Results of the 2008 Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART)

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 3043-3046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Hawser ◽  
Samuel K. Bouchillon ◽  
Daryl J. Hoban ◽  
Robert E. Badal ◽  
Rafael Cantón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Abdominal Infections

ABSTRACT From 2002 to 2008, there was a significant increase in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Escherichia coli isolates in European intra-abdominal infections, from 4.3% in 2002 to 11.8% in 2008 (P < 0.001), but not for ESBL-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (16.4% to 17.9% [P > 0.05]). Hospital-associated isolates were more common than community-associated isolates, at 14.0% versus 6.5%, respectively, for E. coli (P < 0.001) and 20.9% versus 5.3%, respectively, for K. pneumoniae (P < 0.01). Carbapenems were consistently the most active drugs tested.

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