scholarly journals MHD 3D Crossflow in the Streamwise Direction Induced by Nanofluid Using Koo–Kleinstreuer and Li (KLL) Correlation

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1472
Author(s):  
Umair Khan ◽  
Jamel Bouslimi ◽  
Aurang Zaib ◽  
Fahad S. Al-Mubaddel ◽  
Najma Imtiaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Mass Transfer Rate ◽  
Streamwise Direction ◽  
Force Coefficient ◽  
Nonlinear Odes ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
The Impact

Aluminum nanoparticles are suitable for wiring power grids, such as local power distribution and overhead power transmission lines, because they exhibit high conductivity. These nanoparticles are also among the most utilized materials in electrical field applications. Thus, the present study investigated the impact of magnetic field on 3D crossflow in the streamwise direction with the impacts of Dufour and Soret. In addition, the effects of activation energy and chemical reaction were incorporated. The viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluids were premeditated by KKL correlation. Prominent PDEs (Partial Differential Equations) were converted into highly nonlinear ODEs (Ordinary Differential Equations) using the proper similarity technique and then analyzed numerically with the aid of the built-in bvp4c solver in MATLAB. The impact of diverse important variables on temperature and velocity was graphically examined. Additionally, the influences of pertaining parameters on the drag force coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number were investigated. Inspections revealed that the mass transfer rate decreases, while the heat transport increases with increasing values of the Soret factor. However, the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers validate the differing trend for rising quantities of the Dufour factor.

scholarly journals Thermal Analysis of 3D Electromagnetic Radiative Nanofluid Flow with Suction/Blowing: Darcy–Forchheimer Scheme

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Hammad Alotaibi ◽  
Mohamed R. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Brownian Diffusion ◽  
Force Coefficient ◽  
Catalytic Reactors ◽  
Nanofluid Flow ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the Darcy–Forchheimer three dimensional (3D) flow of a permeable nanofluid through a convectively heated porous extending surface under the influences of the magnetic field and nonlinear radiation. The higher-order chemical reactions with activation energy and heat source (sink) impacts are considered. We integrate the nanofluid model by using Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis. To convert PDEs (partial differential equations) into non-linear ODEs (ordinary differential equations), an effective, self-similar transformation is used. With the fourth–fifth order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF45) approach using the shooting technique, the consequent differential system set is numerically solved. The influence of dimensionless parameters on velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles is revealed via graphs. Results of nanofluid flow and heat as well as the convective heat transport coefficient, drag force coefficient, and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers under the impact of the studied parameters are discussed and presented through graphs and tables. Numerical simulations show that the increment in activation energy and the order of the chemical reaction boosts the concentration, and the reverse happens with thermal radiation. Applications of such attractive nanofluids include plastic and rubber sheet production, oil production, metalworking processes such as hot rolling, water in reservoirs, melt spinning as a metal forming technique, elastic polymer substances, heat exchangers, emollient production, paints, catalytic reactors, and glass fiber production.

scholarly journals Effective Automatic Fault Detection in Transmission Lines by Hybrid Model of Authorization and Distance Calculation through Impedance Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Bindhu V ◽  
Ranganathan G
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Impedance Variation ◽  
Distribution Line ◽  
Intelligent Approach

Fault detection in the transmission is a challenging task when examining the accuracy of the system. This fault can be caused by a man-made force or by using concurrent overvoltage in the power distribution line. This research focuses on two sections to handle the power transmission line problem and can be rectified as previously stated. An intelligent approach is utilized for monitoring and controlling line faults in order to improve the accuracy of the equipment in transmission line fault detection. After several iterations of the procedure, the combination of line and master unit improves the system's accuracy and reliability. The master unit identifies faulty poles in the network based on the variation of current and voltage of each node and calculates the distance between the station and the faulty node to reduce manual effort. In the proposed work, many sensors are used to detect the line fault in a network by placing the appropriate point. The pure information can be transferred to an authorized person or unit after many iterations due to knowledgeable devices. The faulty status of the pole information is displayed in the control unit by a display unit comprised of an alarm unit to alert the corresponding section using ZigBee techniques. The GSM unit provides the faulty status of an authorized person to rectify the problems immediately which further improve the reliability of the system. When compared to existing methods, our hybrid proposed method achieves a higher accuracy of 90%. This method aids to reduce the labor costs gradually to visit all-pole points instead of faulty pole points and thereby increasing the reliability of the electrical consumers.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Pre-clustering and Class Imbalance on Solar Flare Forecasting

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirelle C. Bueno ◽  
Guilherme P. Coelho ◽  
Ana Estela A. Da Silva ◽  
André L. S. Gradvohl
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Solar Flare ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Class Imbalance ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Power Transmission Lines ◽  
Short Circuits ◽  
The Impact

Among the phenomena that occur on the surface of the Sun, solar flares may cause several damages, from short circuits in power transmission lines to complete interruptions in telecommunications systems. In order to mitigate these effects, many works have been dedicated to the proposal of mechanisms capable of predicting the occurrence of solar flares. In this context, the present work sought to evaluate two aspects related to machine learning-based solar flare forecasting: (i) the impact of class imbalance in training datasets on the performance of the predictors; and (ii) whether the incorporation of a pre-clustering step prior to the classifiers training contributes to a better prediction.

scholarly journals On Mixed Convection Squeezing Flow of Nanofluids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Irfan Ullah Khan ◽  
Ebraheem Alzahrani ◽  
Umar Khan ◽  
Noreena Zeb ◽  
Anwar Zeb
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear System ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Squeezing Flow ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Gamma Alumina ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
The Impact

In this article, the impact of effective Prandtl number model on 3D incompressible flow in a rotating channel is proposed under the influence of mixed convection. The coupled nonlinear system of partial differential equations is decomposed into a highly nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations with aid of suitable similarity transforms. Then, the solution of a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations is obtained numerically by using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) method. Furthermore, the surface drag force C f and the rate of heat transfer N u are portrayed numerically. The effects of different emerging physical parameters such as Hartmann number (M), Reynold’s number (Re), squeezing parameter ( β ), mixed convection parameter λ , and volume fraction ( φ ) are also incorporated graphically for γ — alumina. Due to the higher viscosity and thermal conductivity ethylene-based nanofluids, it is observed to be an effective common base fluid as compared to water. These observations portrayed the temperature of gamma-alumina ethylene-based nanofluids rising on gamma-alumina water based nanofluids.

Effects of Chemical Reaction, Activation Energy and Thermal Energy on Magnetohydrodynamics Maxwell Fluid Flow in Rotating Frame

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Hunegnaw Dessie
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Mass Transfer Rate ◽  
Maxwell Fluid ◽  
Deborah Number ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Rotating Frame ◽  
Rotational Parameter ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this research is to see how chemical processes, activation energy, and heat radiation affect MHD flow of Maxwell fluid in a rotating frame. Using applicable similarity transformations, the partial differential equations that regulate the flow are reduced to extremely nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Graphs and tables are used to study the impact of monitoring parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration profiles, reduced Nusselt number, reduced Sherwood numbers, and skin friction coefficients. Outstanding agreement is obtained when the present findings of the study is compared with the previous related research works. In the study, it is noted that an increase of the thermal radiation parameters contributes to an increase of the flow temperature region. When a fluid is subjected to a greater rotation parameter, the thermal boundary layer thickens and the heat transfer rate decrease. Moreover, a decline of mass transfer rate is observed for a rise of Prandl number, rotational parameter or Deborah number.

scholarly journals Allocation of 0.4 kV PTL Sectionalizing Units under Criteria of Sensitivity Limits and Power Supply Reliability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11608
Author(s):  
Alina Vinogradova ◽  
Alexander Vinogradov ◽  
Vadim Bolshev ◽  
Andrey Izmailov ◽  
Alexey Dorokhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Power Transmission Lines ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supply Reliability

Sectionalizing 0.4 kV power transmission lines (PTL) improves power supply reliability and reduces electricity undersupply through the prevention of energy disconnection of consumers in the event of a short circuit in the power line behind the sectionalizing unit (SU). This research examines the impact of sectionalizing on power supply reliability and reviews the literature on sectionalizing unit allocation strategies in electrical networks. This paper describes the experience of the use of sectionalizing units with listing strengths and weaknesses of adopted technical solutions and describes the new structure of sectionalizing units. A new methodology is proposed, whereby there are two criteria for allocating SU in 0.4 kV power transmission lines. The first criterion is the sensitivity limits against single-phase short circuits used for calculating the maximum distance at which SU can be installed. The second criterion is power supply reliability improvement, evaluating the cost-effectiveness of installing sectionalizing equipment by reducing power supply outage time. The established methodology was put to the test on an actual electrical system (Mezenka village, Orel area, Russia), which demonstrated that the installation of a sectionalizing unit paid off.

scholarly journals Automatic Identification and Importance Evaluation Technology of Power Transmission Section

2020 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 03036
Author(s):  
Yixuan Weng ◽  
Weizhe Ma ◽  
EnYan Xie ◽  
Hui Qi ◽  
Zhenxing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Stability Margin ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Flow State ◽  
The Impact

In theory, the cross section is the minimum cut set in the network. For the actual power grid, the transmission cross section is a collection of transmission lines between different regions, which is mainly used for power transmission to achieve the purpose of generating load balance. In this paper, a power grid zoning algorithm is proposed based on the topological structure characteristics and current operation state of the power grid, and the key transmission sections can be directly obtained without depending on the calculation of safety and stability margin. A practical system state partition model and key section sorting method are introduced, and a set of automatic identification method flow of key transmission sections of the system is established by searching for electrical betweenness. The importance of the transmission section is quantitatively evaluated from three angles: the margin from the stability limit, the hub position in the current power flow state, and the impact on the power grid after the power cut-off. The evaluation results can be used as a Reference for decision-making in the planning and reconstruction of the transmission section, safety monitoring, protection configuration, etc.

Bio-Inspired Modeling Approaches for Human Networks With Link Dissipation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varuneswara Panyam ◽  
Astrid Layton
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Power Transmission Lines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Networks

Abstract Structural similarities between human networks and biological ecosystems have inspired biomimetic design of human networks. The approach requires the networks to be represented as graphs, where the actors are nodes and the connections between actors are links. A major oversight in the application of ecosystem-based modeling to human networks thus far has been in the selection of actors and links. Transfers between species in a biological ecosystem are direct, happening when the species are co-located. Human networks often require a physical aid to complete the transaction, such as power transmission lines, pipelines, or vehicles. These exchange methods experience dissipation, which is not captured in current applications of ecosystem-based human network modeling. Human networks modeled as ecosystems thus far simply categorize exchanges as links in the graph, effectively forcing dissipation during material/energy transport to be neglected. This dissipation can sometimes be high relative to the total energy/material exchanged and thus is a potentially large oversight. Three hypothetical power grids and three Italian urban water distribution networks are used to quantify the impact of modeling interaction aids — power lines and water pipelines — as actors (and thus including any dissipation) in an ecosystem model. Ecological structural and flow metrics previously applied to human networks are evaluated between the two modeling methods. The comparison shows that the impact of this overlooked aspect is potentially significant and warrants consideration.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of electric vehicles on the power grid

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Kasprzyk ◽  
Robert Pietracho ◽  
Karol Bednarek
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Methods Of Control

The paper presents problems related to the impact of electric vehicles connected to the power grid on energy parameters. Basic methods of control in power grids were discussed and results of the simulation were presented with regards to the power distribution, voltage drops and losses in the transmission lines. The simulation was conducted based on the example of CIGRE 11, to which electric vehicle charging stations were connected in several selected points, with the possibility of energy release into the grid. The obtained results were compared for the simulation conducted in two variants – without the connected electric vehicles and with them. The obtained results were analyzed and commented upon.

scholarly journals Numerical and Computer Simulations of Cross-Flow in the Streamwise Direction through a Moving Surface Comprising the Significant Impacts of Viscous Dissipation and Magnetic Fields: Stability Analysis and Dual Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yu-Ming Chu ◽  
Umair Khan ◽  
A. Zaib ◽  
S. H. A. M. Shah ◽  
Marin Marin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Viscous Dissipation ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Dual Solutions ◽  
Lower Branch ◽  
Suction Parameter ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Branch Solution ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Impact

The inspiration for this study is to explore the crucial impact of viscous dissipation (VISD) on magneto flow through a cross or secondary flow (CRF) in the way of streamwise. Utilizing the pertinent similarity method, the primary partial differential equations (PDEs) are changed into a highly nonlinear dimensional form of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These dimensionless forms of ODEs are executed numerically by the aid of bvp4c solver. The impact of pertinent parameters such as the suction parameter, magnetic parameter, moving parameter, and viscous dissipation parameter is discussed with the help of plots. Dual solutions are obtained for certain values of a moving parameter. The velocities in the direction of streamwise, as well as cross-flow, decline in the upper branch solution, while the contrary impact is seen in the lower branch solution. However, the influence of suction on the velocities in both directions uplifts in the upper branch solution and shrinks in the lower branch solution. The analysis is also performed in terms of stability to inspect which solution is stable or unstable, and it is observed that the lower branch solution is unstable, whereas the upper branch one is stable.

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