scholarly journals Polysaccharide-Based Organic Frameworks with Embedded Nanoparticles: Advanced SPR Study on the Antiviral Activity of Gold Composites Derived from Glucuronoxylomannan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Praskoviya Boltovets ◽  
Sergii Kravchenko ◽  
Oleksiy Kovalenko ◽  
Borys Snopok
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Antiviral Action ◽  
Supramolecular Architectures ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Gold Nanocomposites ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Gold Composites ◽  
Embedded Nanoparticles

The nanosized composites based on the natural polysaccharides and nanoparticles of noble metals are promising candidates for efficient antiviral drugs. However, the complexity of such objects, their diversity and novelty necessitate the development of new analytical methods for investigation of such supramolecular architectures. In this work, which was recently developed for SPR-based instrumentation, the concept of variative refraction (DViFA, density variations in fixed architectures) was used to elucidate the mechanism of the antiviral action of a polysaccharide with gold nanoparticles grown in it. The SPR data were confirmed by direct biological tests: the effect of the native polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) obtained from the fungus Ganoderma adspersum and gold nanocomposites thereon on the infection of Datura stramonium with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was investigated. Both drugs suppress the development of viral infections. However, if for high concentrations the characteristic activity of the composite is somewhat lower than for GXM, then with an increase in dilution, the effectiveness of the composite increases significantly, up to a twofold excess. It has been reasonably suggested that the mechanism of antiviral action is associated with the formation of clusters of viruses that are no longer capable of infecting cells.

scholarly journals Vitamin A and carotenoids in certain invertebrates. I. Marine Crustacea

1952 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Fisher ◽  
S. K. Kon ◽  
S. Y. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Carotenoid Pigments ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
British Coast ◽  
Β Carotene

Planktonic, benthic and littoral Crustacea were collected from localities around the British coast, from Norwegian and Faeroese waters and from the Antarctic, and their content of preformed vitamin A and carotenoid pigments was measured.Methods are described for the preservation of specimens, the extraction and separation of vitamin A and carotenoids and the measurement of vitamin A by chemical, physical and biological tests, and of carotenoids by physical tests.Free-swimming euphausiids were found to contain, in addition to large quantities of astaxanthin, high concentrations of preformed vitamin A, but no β-carotene.

Absorption and Translocation of Tetrafluron in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-565
Author(s):  
H. Pinto ◽  
F. T. Corbin
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Rapid Absorption ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Sida Spinosa ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Very High

Roots of 10- and 14-day-old seedlings and excised leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Coker 310’), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.), peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Florigiant’), and prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) were treated with ring-labeled 14C-tetrafluron {N,N-dimethyl-N′-[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl] urea} in liquid culture. Herbicide absorption and subsequent translocation were limited in peanuts, intermediate in cotton, and very high in jimsonweed and prickly sida. Absorption of 14C-tetrafluron increased with time in 10- and 14-day-old seedlings. After 6 h, 10-day-old jimsonweed had absorbed as much as 50% of the initial 10-μg dose, whereas peanuts absorbed only 10%. Almost 100% uptake was observed after 48 h with 14-day-old seedlings of jimsonweed and prickly sida. Methanol-extracted 14C increased with time, and was higher for the weeds than for the crops. Only a small fraction of methanol-insoluble radioactive material was obtained, with the largest value in 14-day-old cotton at 48 h (3.0%). Autoradiographs demonstrated more rapid translocation of radioactivity from roots to shoots in jimsonweed and prickly sida than in cotton and peanuts. Limited absorption and translocation of tetrafluron in seedlings of peanut and cotton, and the rapid absorption and subsequent accumulation of high concentrations in seedlings of jimsonweed and prickly sida, are proposed to explain the selective action observed.

scholarly journals Plants of the Genus Lavandula: From Farm to Pharmacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahare Salehi ◽  
Dima Mnayer ◽  
Beraat Özçelik ◽  
Gokce Altin ◽  
Kadriye Nur Kasapoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Perillyl Alcohol ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
High Concentrations

The Lavandula genus, belonging to the Lamiaceae, includes 39 species, with nearly 400 registered cultivars. Lavandula are worldwide plants that occur over the Mediterranean, Europe, North Africa, southwest Asia to southeast India. Lavandula plants have been used since ancient time to flavor and preserved food, to treat diseases including wound healing, sedative, antispasmodic, microbial and viral infections. Numerous researches have described the chemical composition and the primary components of lavender oils are the monoterpenoids (linalool, linalyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, β-ocimene, terpinen-4-ol, and camphor), sesquiterpenoids (β-caryophyllene and nerolidol) and other terpenoid compounds (e.g., perillyl alcohol). The high concentrations of linalyl acetate make them attractive in perfumery, flavoring, cosmetics and soap industries. Currently, data on the antimicrobial activity of lavender plants have been scientifically confirmed. Indeed, lavender essential oils possess wide spectra of biological activities such as antispasmodic, carminative, analgesic, sedative, hypotensive, antiseptic, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiuretic and general tonic action. In addition, clinical studies support their uses as treatment of health conditions. However, further clinical studies are necessary to define the magnitude of the efficacy, mechanisms of action, optimal doses, long-term safety, and, potential side effects of lavender plants.

scholarly journals Analytical and Diagnostic Characteristics of 11 2nd- and 3rd-Generation Immunoenzymatic Methods for the Detection of Antibodies to Citrullinated Proteins

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1527-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Bizzaro ◽  
Elio Tonutti ◽  
Renato Tozzoli ◽  
Danilo Villalta
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Background: Measurement of antibodies to citrullinated peptides or proteins (CP) is a new test for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We analyzed the analytical characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of commercially available methods. Methods: We studied 11 commercially available 2nd- and 3rd-generation methods that used various citrullinated antigen substrates: synthetic cyclic peptides, recombinant rat filaggrin, mutated human vimentin, and Epstein–Barr virus- or IgG-derived peptides. We assessed imprecision by measuring samples with low, intermediate, and high concentrations 5 times on each of 5 days. We measured CPs by each of the assays in 100 serum samples from patients with RA and in 202 samples from healthy persons or patients with other autoimmune, viral, or neoplastic diseases. Results: The between-run imprecision (CV) of the methods was between 0.4% and 22%, and the repeatability (within-run imprecision) was 0.5%–19%. The areas under the ROC curves varied between 0.79 (95% CI, 0.72–0.85) and 0.92 (0.88–0.95). At a fixed specificity of 98.5%, the sensitivities ranged from 41% (95% CI, 31%–51%) to 74% (64%–82%). Sensitivities and specificities varied markedly at the manufacturer’s suggested cutoffs. Most false-positive results were recorded in patients with viral infections. The methods that use the original synthetic cyclic CP gave the best and very similar performances, although these methods use different components in their reagent sets (conjugate, type of substrate, dilution, and washing buffers). This finding shows that the antigenic source is the most important variable in determining the diagnostic accuracy of the methods. Conclusions: The analytical imprecision and diagnostic accuracies of commercially available methods for the detection of anti-CP antibodies differ. Careful selection of methods is needed.

scholarly journals Mineralogy of noble metals (Au, Ag, Pd, Pt) in Volkovskoe Cu-Fe-Ti-V deposit (Middle Urals, Russia)

LITOSFERA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-659
Author(s):  
V. V. Murzin ◽  
G. A. Palyanova ◽  
E. V. Anikina ◽  
V. P. Moloshag
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
Native Gold ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Mineral Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Magmatic Stage ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
High Concentrations

Research subject. The mineral compositions of titanomagnetitic (apatite, titanomagnetite) and copper-titanomagnetitic (bornite, chalcopyrite, apatite, titanomagnetite) ores of the Volkovskoe Cu-Fe-Ti-V deposit (Middle Urals, Russia).Methods. The research was carried out using a Jeol JSM-6390LV scanning electron microscope and X-ray spectral microanalyzers JXA-5 (Jeol) at the Geoanalitik Collective Use Center of the IGG UB RAS. Results and conclusions.Native gold (with ≤ 0.3 wt % Pd, 0.2–0.4 wt % Cu; fneness 800–914 ‰), tellurides of Pd, Au and Ag (merenskyite, keithconnite, sylvanite, hessite) and Pt arsenide (sperrylite) were found in the copper-titanomagnetitic ores. For the frst time, two generations of native gold (fneness 1000 and 850–860 ‰) and palladium telluride (keithconnite Pd3-xTe) were detected in titanomagnetitic ores. The sequence of ore mineral formation and the features of their genesis were revealed. Native gold (fneness 1000‰) in the form of microinclusions in titanomagnetite was attributed to the magmatic stage. Noble metal minerals, intergrown with copper sulfdes (bornite, chalcopyrite, digenite) and associated with late hydroxyl-bearing minerals (amphibole, epidote, chlorite), are superimposed in relation to the magmatic minerals (pyroxene, plagioclase, hornblende, apatite, titanomagnetite, ilmenite, etc.) of these ores. Merenskyite, sperrylite, high fneness gold (800–914 ‰), as well as carrolite, cobaltite, copper-cobalt telluride and bismuth tellurium-selenide kawazulite Вi2Te2Se are syngenetic with copper sulfdes. The Au-Ag tellurides were deposited later than these minerals. It is shown that the high fugacity of tellurium, which binds Pd, Au, and Ag into tellurides, prevents the occurrence of native gold containing high concentrations of palladium and silver.

scholarly journals Evidence base for the efficacy and safety of flavonoids and the opinion of outpatient doctors in the focus of choice of approaches to treatment of ARI

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
I.L. Vysochyna ◽  
◽  
V.V. Kramarchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Antiviral Action ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Outpatient Practice ◽  
Based Medicine

Numerous publications, meta-analyzes and systematic reviews suggest different approaches to the treatment and prevention of ARI, therefore, in the practice of a doctor both in Ukraine and in other countries, there is a variety of schemes, protocols, regulations and professional recommendations for the management of these patients. Therefore, for competent, effective and safe treatment and prevention of ARI among national and world standards, a doctor needs to find the most optimal and effective algorithm for the management and treatment of viral infections of the respiratory tract, which ideally has a high level of evidence-based medicine and can be used in specific practice with the point of view of patient management and routing. Purpose — to analyze the knowledge of the existing in Ukraine and the world of the regulatory framework and national protocols for the management of patients with ARI by general practitioners — family medicine, as well as to study the opinion of family doctors about the efficacy and safety of using flavonoids in the treatment and prevention of ARI. Materials and methods. Anonymous survey of 149 family doctors in the city of Dnipro and the region was conducted in the current 2020. Among the respondents there were 55 doctors with a primary specialization in Pediatrics (37%), 37 doctors with a primary specialization in Internal Medicine (25%) and 57 with a primary specialization in Family Medicine (38%). The distribution normality was checked using the Kolmogorov+Smirnov test. Considering that 90% of the data were normally distributed, we used parametric statistics methods. To assess relationships between binary features, the ϕ-coefficient of mutual conjugation was used. The critical level of statistical significance was accepted as <5% (p<0.05). Results. Family physicians are aware of current trends in the strategy of therapy and prevention of ARI. According to family doctors, drugs with the active substance Proteflazid, when prescribed for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections, are safe (no toxic effect) and effective (according to our own observations) by reducing the duration and severity of the disease, the severity of fever and manifestations of intoxication syndrome, reducing the frequency of acute respiratory diseases (frequency rate per year), and that the above effects obtained in their own practice are associated with direct antiviral action, suppression of viral reproduction and multiple mechanisms of action of Proteflazid bioflavonoids. In addition to the professional opinion of family doctors, the opinion of parents about the effectiveness of drugs with the active substance Proteflazid for the treatment and prevention of ARI (feedback from a doctor) in the form of their positive feedback and a note that they are often used for self+treatment, and their choice is associated with the fact that Proteflazid preparations shorten the period of illness and, according to parents, children are less ill with ARI. Conclusions. The presence of the proven antiviral action of flavonoids, as a class of polyphenolic compounds, and the fact that the flavonoids that make up Flavovir have a proven mechanism of antiviral activity, which is confirmed in clinical outpatient practice by the positive experience of primary care physicians (pronounced clinical efficacy) allows you to recommend Flavovir syrup for the treatment and prevention of influenza and seasonal ARI to children from birth. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the doctors was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: ARI, flavonoids, treatment, outpatient practice, evidence-based medicine.

Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy: Escape peaks of some biomaterials in the light-element region

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
Susan J. Okerstrom
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
High Corrosion Resistance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beryllium Window ◽  
Pacemaker Electrodes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Electrical Conductors

The phenomena of escape peaks is well known, but caution must be exercised to avoid confusion in peak identification. A summary of our experiences with certain escape peaks may be useful to others.In biomedical devices, metal components are often used in pure elemental form or as alloys with high concentrations of a particular element. Noble metals such as gold, platinum and iridium are commonly used in pacemaker components. These metals are body compatible, have high corrosion resistance and are good electrical conductors. Pacemaker electrodes are commonly made of platinum, used alone or alloyed with about 10% iridium. These materials are routinely analyzed using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS).While analyzing platinum electrodes at 20 keV with the Beryllium window open, it was noted that an unexpected peak was seen in the spectrum near where carbon would be expected at 0.310 keV. The same peak was noted when the Be window was closed (figure 1). It was first thought to be a detector problem.

scholarly journals The etiological role of the parainfluenza-3 virus in the respiratory pathology of young cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00080
Author(s):  
Achouak Gueriche ◽  
Albert K. Galiullin ◽  
Vali G. Gumerov ◽  
Ilsiyar G. Karimullina ◽  
Aigul Y. Shaeva
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Pathological Material

Parainfluenza virus-3 is the most common etiological agent in mixed respiratory diseases of calves with high concentrations of animals. The more severe course of the disease is observed with complications from bacterial or other viral infections. This article presents the results of clinical and epizootic, serological, virological and molecular genetic studies. A cytopathogenic agent was isolated from a pathological material taken from patients with respiratory diseases of calves in a BEK cell culture. Based on the results of serological and molecular biological studies, this isolate (“LD-9”) was identified as the parainfluenza-3 virus in cattle.

High concentrations of 2–5A, the interferon intracellular mediator, in the blood of children with acute viral infections

1989 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 593-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Luxembourg ◽  
L. Laurence ◽  
M. Tardieu ◽  
J.M. Garnier ◽  
E. Dussaix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
High Concentrations

scholarly journals Can postbiotics show antiviral effects against Sars-CoV-2?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e14610817259
Author(s):  
Leandro Paes de Brito ◽  
José Noé da Silva Júnior ◽  
Priscila Danielly Santos de Barros ◽  
Elaine Cristina da Silva ◽  
Priscilla Régia de Andrade Calaça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Antiviral Action ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome of Coronavirus-2 (Sars-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the new Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) responsible for the current pandemic that threatens global health. Although some anti-COVID-19 therapeutic agents are under investigation, there is still no evidence of antiviral action against Sars-CoV-2. Research in the literature describes the success of probiotics in the treatment of viral infections from their byproducts, known as postbiotics, such as exopolysaccharides, hydrogen peroxide, and different bacteriocins. Based on these reports, we describe the main postbiotics that present antiviral actions against different viruses with a view to suggesting their use as possible therapeutic agents for COVID-19. The revised data show promising effects for using postbiotics as efficient vehicles against various types of viruses. However, further investigation of the underlying mechanisms is required for their indication against Sars-CoV-2 and other Sars-CoV infections.

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