Use of Orthodontic Methods in the Treatment of Dental Luxations: A Scoping Review

(1) Background: Treating dental luxation injuries is challenging for the clinician. Dental luxations account for 18–33% of injuries to permanent teeth and can be addressed using different therapeutic approaches. The present work was conducted with two aims: (i) to evaluate, through a scoping review, current knowledge of the orthodontic methods (repositioning and stabilization splinting) that can be used at the time of the trauma, and (ii) to investigate the frequency and type of pulp consequences arising after these traumatic injuries. (2) Methods: The literature search was conducted in the period June 2020–December 2020 using the PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. The research questions were formulated according to the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) method and considered the following aspects: type of luxation injury and stage of root development; use of orthodontic repositioning and splinting techniques; frequency and type of pulp consequences; and compliance of treatments with international guidelines. (3) Results: The initial screening of the databases, using the selected search keywords, yielded a total of 587 articles, just 8 fully met the inclusion criteria. Closer analysis of these 8 publications revealed that they would not produce clear meta-analytical data. This made it necessary to limit the data collected to the following six items: number and type of injuries, initial therapeutic intervention, duration of follow-up, number, and type of different pulp consequences. (4) Conclusions: While orthodontic techniques are commonly used to treat dental intrusions, in the case of extrusive and lateral luxation injuries, they are less frequently used and the orthodontic approach is generally confined to the stabilization phase. Among the various possible pulp consequences, many authors consider only pulp canal obliteration (PCO) and pulp necrosis (PN), often tending to overlook physiological healing (pulp survival) and the possible development of PN after PCO. There is therefore a clear need for new, high-quality clinical studies of this topic based on systematic and standardized data collection.

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Sepsis: Precision-Based Medicine for Pregnancy and the Puerperium

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20215388 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (21) ◽

pp. 5388

Author(s):

Orene Greer ◽

Nishel Mohan Shah ◽

Shiranee Sriskandan ◽

Mark R. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Rapid Progression ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Maternal Deaths ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽

Based Medicine ◽

The Impact ◽

Review Current

Sepsis contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality, particularly in vulnerable populations. Pregnant and recently pregnant women are particularly prone to rapid progression to sepsis and septic shock, with 11% of maternal deaths worldwide being attributed to sepsis. The impact on the neonate is considerable, with 1 million neonatal deaths annually attributed to maternal infection or sepsis. Pregnancy specific physiological and immunological adaptations are likely to contribute to a greater impact of infection, but current approaches to the management of sepsis are based on those developed for the non-pregnant population. Pregnancy-specific strategies are required to optimise recognition and management of these patients. We review current knowledge of the physiology and immunology of pregnancy and propose areas of research, which may advance the development of pregnancy-specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to optimise the care of pregnant women and their babies.

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Patient Centered Studies Focusing on Diabetes Self-Management: A Scoping Review

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399816666191230112657 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 557-569

Author(s):

Monika Salkar ◽

Meagen Rosenthal ◽

Tanvee Thakur ◽

Austin Arnold

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Future Research ◽

Patient Centered ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Research Questions ◽

The Impact

Background: Type 2 diabetes continues to be a significant burden to patients and health systems globally. Addressing this condition from an alternative perspective, patients and various other stakeholders from three northern Mississippi communities co-created patient-centered research questions focused on type 2 diabetes management. Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to explore current literature focusing on nine patient- centered research questions to establish current knowledge and identify future research needs in the area of type 2 diabetes. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to obtain an overview of research related to the study purpose. The PubMed database was searched from March 2013 to March 2018 to identify patient-centered studies focused on type 2 diabetes and relevant to one of the nine research questions. Results: A total of 33 studies were identified and included. For five of the research questions, there was either no previous research literature or only “related” studies could be identified. These largely unexplored topics included how the understanding of guidelines by healthcare providers, specialty, and communication of medication side-effects impact patients’ understanding and outcomes, the impact of improving patients’ preparedness to communicate with providers, and whether younger patients require weight management programs that account for this populations’ needs. Conclusion: This lack of previous literature presents a unique opportunity to partner with patients to conduct this study and help improve the management of type 2 diabetes.

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Pulp therapy in immature traumatized incisor using tricalcium silicate cement – a case report

Pomeranian Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.21164/pomjlifesci.697 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Magdalena Gońda-Domin ◽

Alicja Nowicka ◽

Karolina Węsierska ◽

Anna Jarząbek

Keyword(s):

Present Report ◽

Tricalcium Silicate ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Timely Manner ◽

Traumatic Injuries ◽

Tooth Structure ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Irreversible Pulpitis

Introduction: Traumatic injuries to immature permanent teeth are one of the most recurrent and urgent emergency treatment cases in pediatric dental practice. In many instances, the protocol for responding to this kind of emergency is not correct, and is not performed in a timely manner. Delays in seeking treatment following a complicated crown fracture in young individuals can result in irreversible pulpitis or pulp necrosis. It can leave a wide-open apex and brittle dentinal walls that are unfavorable to manage with conventional endodontic treatment (apexification).Materials and methods: The present report describes the clinical case of a complicated crown fracture in young permanent central incisor, with 18 months of clinical and radiographic follow-up. The traumatized incisor was successfully treated using a coronal pulpotomy technique and tricalcium silicate cement – BiodentineTM.Results: The presented treatment approach provided elimination of the symptoms, an absence of pain episodes, and positive reactions to pulp sensitivity tests. The follow up radiological assessment revealed evidence of a dentin bridge formation and continuation of root maturation.Conclusions: Coronal pulpotomies using tricalcium silicate cement are quick and easy to perform, and unlike endodontic treatment, preserve the tooth structure for the reattached tooth fragment. The restorative technique, the reattachment of fractured tooth fragment, and tooth restoration with a composite resin, represents an aesthetic, functional approach, and is an excellent and easy restorative option for clinicians and young impatient patients.Keywords: BiodentineTM; complicated crown fracture; immature permanent teeth; pulpotomy.

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Gaps in maternal, newborn, and child health research: a scoping review of 72 years in Ethiopia

10.1101/2021.01.16.21249929 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Grace J Chan ◽

Jenna Daniel ◽

Misrak Getnet ◽

Matthew Kennedy ◽

Ronke Olowojesiku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Health ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Future Research ◽

List Type ◽

Newborn And Child Health ◽

Research Questions ◽

Study Designs ◽

And Child Health

ABSTRACTObjectivesDespite significant reductions in maternal and child mortality over the past few decades, a disproportionate number of global deaths occur in low and middle-income country settings, such as Ethiopia. To prioritize research questions that would generate policy recommendations for better outcomes, we conducted a scoping review that gathers the current knowledge of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) and illustrates remaining gaps in Ethiopia.DesignScoping review.MethodsWe conducted a search strategy from 1946-2018 in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the WHO African Index Medicus. The study team of reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-texts; abstracted data; and reconciled differences in pairs. Descriptive analyses were conducted.ResultsWe identified 7,829 unique articles of which 2,170 were included. Most MNCH publications in Ethiopia (70.0%) were published in the last decade, 2010-2018. Most studies included children aged one to less than 10 years old (30.5%), women of reproductive age (22.0%), and pregnant women (21.9%); fewer studies included newborns (7.0%), infants (6.6%), and postpartum women (2.9%). Research topics included demographics and social determinants of health (43.4%), nutrition (15.3%), and infectious diseases (13.0%). There were limited studies on violence (1.4%), preterm birth (0.8%), antenatal/postpartum depression (0.7%), stillbirths (0.1%), and accidents (0.1%). Most study designs were cross-sectional (53.6%). A few study designs included prospective cohort studies (5.5%) and randomized control trials (2.3%).ConclusionsThis is the first scoping review to describe the landscape of MNCH research in Ethiopia. Understanding the depth of existing knowledge will support the prioritization and development of future research questions. Additional studies are needed to focus on the neonatal, infant, and postpartum populations as well as preterm and stillbirth outcomes.STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDYTo our knowledge, this is the first published review to have comprehensively described or summarized this body of literature in Ethiopia, allowing for a deeper understanding of the expanse of existing knowledge.A quality assessment of each study was not feasible due to the broad range of included topics; however, one may be conducted in the future to further refine results.Although conclusions may not be widely generalizable beyond Ethiopia, this review may inform the need to conduct similar reviews for all sub-Saharan countries to support effective prioritization of future research questions.

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Out of tune: Perceptions of, engagement with, and responses to mental health interventions by professional popular musicians—A scoping review

Psychology of Music ◽

10.1177/03057356211019477 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030573562110194

Author(s):

Amy Visser ◽

Megan Lee ◽

Timothy Barringham ◽

Nasim Salehi

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Distinct Group ◽

Well Being ◽

Health Interventions ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Mental Health Interventions ◽

Industry Peers

Professional popular musicians are at increased risk of psychological distress, substance use problems, and suicide, yet little evidence is available on effective psychotherapeutic practices to address these issues. This scoping review aims to understand how professional popular musicians perceive, engage with, and respond to mental health interventions. Four databases were searched, garnering a total of 310 articles. Of these, six met inclusion criteria. Four thematic categories were explored: (1) amenability of professional popular musicians to particular therapeutic approaches; (2) attribution of treatment outcomes to tailored approaches; (3) professional popular musicians’ perceived barriers to treatment; and (4) recommendations for treatment approaches. The scoping review supports the importance of considering the characteristics of professional popular musicians as a distinct group with unique well-being needs, challenges, and strengths. There is a clear preference for tailored, affordable, and accessible approaches that consider the uniquities of musicianship and the need to explore the role of nonclinical support, such as friends, family, and industry peers.

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Pain Perception in Disorder of Consciousness: A Scoping Review on Current Knowledge, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspective

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11050665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 665

Author(s):

Rocco Salvatore Calabrò ◽

Loris Pignolo ◽

Claudia Müller-Eising ◽

Antonino Naro

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Conscious Experience ◽

Minimally Conscious State ◽

Conscious State ◽

Future Perspective ◽

Disorder Of Consciousness ◽

Minimally Conscious

Pain perception in individuals with prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC) is still a matter of debate. Advanced neuroimaging studies suggest some cortical activations even in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) compared to those with a minimally conscious state (MCS). Therefore, pain perception has to be considered even in individuals with UWS. However, advanced neuroimaging assessment can be challenging to conduct, and its findings are sometimes difficult to be interpreted. Conversely, multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) and laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) can be carried out quickly and are more adaptable to the clinical needs. In this scoping review, we dealt with the neurophysiological basis underpinning pain in PDOC, pointing out how pain perception assessment in these individuals might help in reducing the misdiagnosis rate. The available literature data suggest that patients with UWS show a more severe functional connectivity breakdown among the pain-related brain areas compared to individuals in MCS, pointing out that pain perception increases with the level of consciousness. However, there are noteworthy exceptions, because some UWS patients show pain-related cortical activations that partially overlap those observed in MCS individuals. This suggests that some patients with UWS may have residual brain functional connectivity supporting the somatosensory, affective, and cognitive aspects of pain processing (i.e., a conscious experience of the unpleasantness of pain), rather than only being able to show autonomic responses to potentially harmful stimuli. Therefore, the significance of the neurophysiological approach to pain perception in PDOC seems to be clear, and despite some methodological caveats (including intensity of stimulation, multimodal paradigms, and active vs. passive stimulation protocols), remain to be solved. To summarize, an accurate clinical and neurophysiological assessment should always be performed for a better understanding of pain perception neurophysiological underpinnings, a more precise differential diagnosis at the level of individual cases as well as group comparisons, and patient-tailored management.

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Post-Neoadjuvant Surveillance and Surgery as Needed Compared with Post-Neoadjuvant Surgery on Principle in Multimodal Treatment for Esophageal Cancer: A Scoping Review

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13030429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 429

Author(s):

Julian Hipp ◽

Blin Nagavci ◽

Claudia Schmoor ◽

Joerg Meerpohl ◽

Jens Hoeppner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Esophageal Cancer ◽

Local Recurrence ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Multimodal Treatment ◽

Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽

Complete Response ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Randomized Controlled

Background: A substantial fraction of patients with esophageal cancer show post-neoadjuvant pathological complete response (pCR). Principal esophagectomy after neoadjuvant treatment is the standard of care for all patients, although surveillance and surgery as needed in case of local recurrence may be a treatment alternative for patients with complete response (CR). Methods: We performed a scoping review to describe key characteristics of relevant clinical studies including adults with non-metastatic esophageal cancer receiving multimodal treatment. Until September 2020, relevant studies were identified through systematic searches in the bibliographic databases Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, ClinicalTrials, the German study register, and the WHO registry platform. Results: In total, three completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs, with 468 participants), three planned/ongoing RCTs (with a planned sample size of 752 participants), one non-randomized controlled study (NRS, with 53 participants), ten retrospective cohort studies (with 2228 participants), and one survey on patients’ preferences (with 100 participants) were identified. All studies applied neoadjuvant chemoradiation protocols. None of the studies examined neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic protocols. Studies investigated patient populations with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and mixed cohorts. Important outcomes reported were overall, disease-free and local recurrence-free survival. Limitations of the currently available study pool include heterogeneous chemoradiation protocols, a lack of modern neoadjuvant treatment protocols in RCTs, short follow-up times, the use of heterogeneous diagnostic methods, and different definitions of clinical CR. Conclusion: Although post-neoadjuvant surveillance and surgery as needed compared with post-neoadjuvant surgery on principle has been investigated within different study designs, the currently available results are based on a wide variation of diagnostic tools to identify patients with pCR, short follow-up times, small sample sizes, and variations in therapeutic procedures. A thoroughly planned RCT considering the limitations in the currently available literature will be of great importance to provide patients with CR with the best and less harmful treatment.

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The Role of Hydraulic Silicate Cements on Long-Term Properties and Biocompatibility of Partial Pulpotomy in Permanent Teeth

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14020305 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 305

Author(s):

Chung-Min Kang ◽

Saemi Seong ◽

Je Seon Song ◽

Yooseok Shin

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Success Rates ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Clinical Variables

The use of hydraulic silicate cements (HSCs) for vital pulp therapy has been found to release calcium and hydroxyl ions promoting pulp tissue healing and mineralized tissue formation. The present study investigated whether HSCs such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) affect their biological and antimicrobial properties when used as long-term pulp protection materials. The effect of variables on treatment outcomes of three HSCs (ProRoot MTA, OrthoMTA, and RetroMTA) was evaluated clinically and radiographically over a 48–78 month follow-up period. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Fisher’s exact test and Cox regression analysis were used to determine hazard ratios of clinical variables. The overall success rate of MTA partial pulpotomy was 89.3%; Cumulative success rates of the three HSCs were not statistically different when analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. None of the investigated clinical variables affected success rates significantly. These HSCs showed favorable biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties in partial pulpotomy of permanent teeth in long-term follow-up, with no statistical differences between clinical factors.

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Workplace experience of parents coping with perinatal loss: A scoping review

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-213487 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Sophie Meunier ◽

Francine de Montigny ◽

Sabrina Zeghiche ◽

Dominique Lalande ◽

Chantal Verdon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Qualitative Methodology ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Perinatal Loss ◽

Quantitative Studies ◽

Workplace Experience ◽

Returning To Work ◽

Perinatal Grief

BACKGROUND: Perinatal loss affects many parents in the workforce. Yet, current knowledge about their workplace experience while facing this difficult event is sparse. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to review and synthesize the extent of scientific literature on the specific experiences of workers coping with perinatal loss and the resulting bereavement. METHODS: A scoping review was carried out using eight different databases. A total of 15 references, all using a qualitative methodology, were identified. Most of the references focused on the experience of mothers and on late perinatal loss (from the 20th week of pregnancy). RESULTS: All references highlighted the taboo and the non-recognition of perinatal grief and bereavement in both organizational practices and interpersonal relationships with colleagues and immediate supervisors. They also emphasized the difficulties associated with returning to work after the loss and the significant changes in the meaning attributed to work. CONCLUSIONS: While the studies included in this review clearly indicate that perinatal loss can affect working life, larger, quantitative studies are needed to quantify this phenomenon and its impact on employees and their organizations.

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Digital Contact Tracing Applications during COVID-19: A Scoping Review about Public Acceptance

Informatics ◽

10.3390/informatics8030048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

My Villius Zetterholm ◽

Yanqing Lin ◽

Päivi Jokela

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Technical Skills ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Public Acceptance ◽

National Cultures ◽

Privacy Concerns ◽

Ethical Justification ◽

Performance Expectancy ◽

Socially Disadvantaged

Digital contact tracing applications (CTAs) have been one of the most widely discussed technical methods of controlling the COVID-19 outbreak. The effectiveness of this technology and its ethical justification depend highly on public acceptance and adoption. This study aims to describe the current knowledge about public acceptance of CTAs and identify individual perspectives, which are essential to consider concerning CTA acceptance and adoption. In this scoping review, 25 studies from four continents across the globe are compiled, and critical topics are identified and discussed. The results show that public acceptance varies across national cultures and sociodemographic strata. Lower acceptance among people who are mistrusting, socially disadvantaged, or those with low technical skills suggest a risk that CTAs may amplify existing inequities. Regarding determinants of acceptance, eight themes emerged, covering both attitudes and behavioral perspectives that can influence acceptance, including trust, privacy concerns, social responsibility, perceived health threat, experience of and access to technologies, performance expectancy and perceived benefits, and understanding. Furthermore, widespread misconceptions about the CTA function are a topic in need of immediate attention to ensure the safe use of CTAs. The intention-action gap is another topic in need of more research.

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