scholarly journals MIMO Relaying UAVs Operating in Public Safety Scenarios

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Joseanne Viana ◽  
Francisco Cercas ◽  
Américo Correia ◽  
Rui Dinis ◽  
Pedro Sebastião
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Total Transmission ◽  
Software Network ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Methods to implement communication in natural and humanmade disasters have been widely discussed in the scientific community. Scientists believe that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) relays will play a critical role in 5G public safety communications (PSC) due to their technical superiority. They have several significant advantages: a high degree of mobility, flexibility, exceptional line of sight, and real-time adaptative planning. For instance, cell edge coverage could be extended using relay UAVs. This paper summarizes the sidelink evolution in the 3GPP standardization associated with the usage of the device to device (D2D) techniques that use long term evolution (LTE) communication systems, potential extensions for 5G, and a study on the impact of circular mobility on relay UAVs using the software network simulator 3 (NS3). In this simulation, the transmitted packet percentage was evaluated where the speed of the UAV for users was changed. This paper also examines the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication applied to drones and proposes a new trajectory to assist users experiencing unfortunate circumstances. The overall communication is highly dependent on the drone speed and the use of MIMO and suitable antennas may influence overall transmission between users and the UAVs relay. When the UAVs relaying speed was configured at 108 km/h the total transmission rate was reduced to 55% in the group with 6 users allocated to each drone.

scholarly journals Modelling and Vulnerability Analysis of Cyber-Physical Power Systems Based on Interdependent Networks

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Minfang Peng ◽  
Josep M. Guerrero ◽  
Xingle Gao ◽  
Yanchen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Malicious Attack ◽  
The Face ◽  
Failure Propagation ◽  
New Type ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

The strong coupling between the power grid and communication systems may contribute to failure propagation, which may easily lead to cascading failures or blackouts. In this paper, in order to quantitatively analyse the impact of interdependency on power system vulnerability, we put forward a “degree–electrical degree” independent model of cyber-physical power systems (CPPS), a new type of assortative link, through identifying the important nodes in a power grid based on the proposed index–electrical degree, and coupling them with the nodes in a communication system with a high degree, based on one-to-one correspondence. Using the double-star communication system and the IEEE 118-bus power grid to form an artificial interdependent network, we evaluated and compare the holistic vulnerability of CPPS under random attack and malicious attack, separately based on three kinds of interdependent models: “degree–betweenness”, “degree–electrical degree” and “random link”. The simulation results demonstrated that different link patterns, coupling degrees and attack types all can influence the vulnerability of CPPS. The CPPS with a “degree–electrical degree” interdependent model proposed in this paper presented a higher robustness in the face of random attack, and moreover performed better than the degree–betweenness interdependent model in the face of malicious attack.

scholarly journals Resilience to childhood adversity

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Catherine Anne Wassenaar
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Mitigating Factor ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Despite being linked to several negative long-term physical and psychological pathologies in adulthood, childhood adversity elicits variable responses in the sufferer. When searching for explanations for this heterogeneity, the concept of resilience has been postulated as a potential mitigating factor. Gene-environmental interactions are a promising avenue in the study of resilience. The premise of gene-environmental research is that interindividual variability in the response to an environmental stressor is due to an individual’s genetic make-up exacerbating or buffering the impact of that stressor. Herein, gene-environmental findings are illustrated in the context of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Many of the gene loci found to interact with childhood adversity influence both depression and PTSD possibly due to the high degree of shared heritability between these psychopathologies. Variation in the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4, and in FKBP5, a gene coding for a glucocorticoid receptor binding protein, interacts with childhood adversity to influence the development and symptomology of depression and of PTSD. Findings in the field of gene-environmental interactions has led to a proposed 3-hit model whereby 3 hits, genetics, early life experiences and later life stressors, interact to determine whether an individual is vulnerable or resilient to the development of psychopathology. As limitations with the current research are addressed and complementary lines of research are integrated, the insight gained on childhood adversity has the potential to better predict children at risk of the long-term sequelae of adversity and to inform potential intervention and prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Assessing the efficiency of a “buried wall” barrier in the establishment of near-surface long-term storage and disposal facilities for RW

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
V. V. Suskin ◽  
◽  
I. V. Kapyrin ◽  
F. V. Grigorev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Surface ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Storage

The article evaluates the impact of a “buried wall” barrier on the long-term safety during the long-term storage1 or in-situ disposal of nuclear legacy facilities, in particular, industrial reservoirs, as well as during the development of near-surface disposal facilities for radioactive waste (RWDF). For assessment purposes, filtration and mass transfer processes have been numerically modelled in the GeRa code based on a case study of a reference near-surface facility. The study explores in which way the available covering screen affects the dynamics of contaminant spread. It evaluates the sensitivity of the results to the dispersion parameter commonly characterized by a high degree of uncertainty.

scholarly journals Several Effective Measures for Minus Excess Mortality of COVID-19 in Japan Including Mutual Interrelationships and Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCF)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Bando
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Excess Death ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Characteristic Points ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

The impact of COVID-19 can be shown by life expectancy, excess death and total years of life lost (YLL). United States showed life expectancy minus 1.67 years, excess deaths 375,235 and total YLL 7,362,555. The excess death of Japan has remained minus value for long, in which long-term care facilities (LTCF) may contribute. LTCF has characteristic points as i) mutual interrelationships between hospitals, medical societies and prefectural offices, ii) rapid communication channels for regulatory official authorities, iii) high degree of citizenship and cooperation of all Japanese people for daily life and iv) mild lockdown without any punishment with declaration.

scholarly journals Impact of Thermal Throttling on Long-Term Visual Inference in a CPU-Based Edge Device

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2106
Author(s):  
Théo Benoit-Cattin ◽  
Delia Velasco-Montero ◽  
Jorge Fernández-Berni
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Active Cooling ◽  
The Impact

Many application scenarios of edge visual inference, e.g., robotics or environmental monitoring, eventually require long periods of continuous operation. In such periods, the processor temperature plays a critical role to keep a prescribed frame rate. Particularly, the heavy computational load of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) may lead to thermal throttling and hence performance degradation in few seconds. In this paper, we report and analyze the long-term performance of 80 different cases resulting from running five CNN models on four software frameworks and two operating systems without and with active cooling. This comprehensive study was conducted on a low-cost edge platform, namely Raspberry Pi 4B (RPi4B), under stable indoor conditions. The results show that hysteresis-based active cooling prevented thermal throttling in all cases, thereby improving the throughput up to approximately 90% versus no cooling. Interestingly, the range of fan usage during active cooling varied from 33% to 65%. Given the impact of the fan on the power consumption of the system as a whole, these results stress the importance of a suitable selection of CNN model and software components. To assess the performance in outdoor applications, we integrated an external temperature sensor with the RPi4B and conducted a set of experiments with no active cooling in a wide interval of ambient temperature, ranging from 22 °C to 36 °C. Variations up to 27.7% were measured with respect to the maximum throughput achieved in that interval. This demonstrates that ambient temperature is a critical parameter in case active cooling cannot be applied.

Lessons Learnt from Communication for Disaster Preparedness: A Study on Six Survivors from the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami 2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Faiz Shah ◽  
◽  
Parves Sultan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
The Impact

Communication is a primary challenge in response to natural and man-made disasters. The purpose of this study is to determine the forms of communications that played a critical role in disaster preparedness during the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami (Tohoku earthquake). The study used a case study research method and included six informants following the purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through unstructured in-depth interviews. The findings suggest that communication in all forms played a vital role in disaster preparedness. In the survivor’s view, however, the impact of broadcast media in establishing situational awareness was limited. Local disaster management efforts, such as, “on call,” or emergency measures, such as, personnel and trucks with communication systems, mobile phone alarms, and sirens were viewed by survivors as useful in transmitting unambiguous, specific messages in a demanding tsunami context. In particular, the study demonstrates that residents’ trust in risk/disaster related messages and mediums play vital roles in subsequent behaviour/response to natural disasters.

scholarly journals THE NEED FOR A PARADIGM SHIFT IN FINANCE: SUSTAINABLE CORPORATE FINANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Simona Marcela AGÂRBICEANU ◽  
◽  
Tatiana PĂUN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Finance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Responsible Behavior ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Sustainable Finance ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
The Impact

Under current global conditions, finance may play a critical role in allocating investment to sustainable enterprises and projects, thereby hastening the transition to a low-carbon circular economy. Finance promotes risk assessment and, as a result, can aid in addressing the inherent ambiguity surrounding environmental concerns such as the impact of carbon emissions on climate change. In recent decades, thinking about sustainable finance has progressed through several stages, with the emphasis steadily changing from short-term profit to long-term value creation. This study seeks to conduct an examination of the concept and premises of sustainable corporate finance based on literature research, with the goal of bringing arguments to the need to shift the financial paradigm. This emerging perspective emphasizes that, while profit creation and maximization are important, firms must also seek other goals that have an impact on society, such as those connected to sustainable development. The integration of environmental, social, and governance components into financial decision-making processes is referred to as sustainable finance. Recent developments highlight the importance of businesses' commitment to responsible behavior in transforming the company into a truly sustainable enterprise that adds value to the business, society, and the environment.

scholarly journals The impact of antigenic escape on the evolution of virulence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Sasaki ◽  
Sébastien Lion ◽  
Mike Boots
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Equilibrium Dynamics ◽  
Evolution Of Virulence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractUnderstanding the evolutionary drivers determining the transmission rate and virulence of pathogens remains an important challenge for evolutionary theory with clear implications to the control of human, agricultural and wildlife infectious disease. Although disease is often very dynamic, classical theory examines the long-term outcome of evolution at equilibrium and, in simple models, typically predicts that R0 is maximized. For example, immune escape may lead to complex disease dynamics including repeated epidemics, fluctuating selection and diversification. Here we model the impact of antigenic drift and escape on the evolution of virulence and show analytically that these non-equilibrium dynamics select for more acute pathogens with higher virulence. Specifically, under antigenic drift and when partial cross immunity leads to antigenic escape, our analysis predicts the long-term maximization of the intrinsic growth rate of the parasite resulting in more acute and virulent pathogens than those predicted by classic R0 maximization. Furthermore, it follows that these pathogens will have a lower R0 leading to implications for epidemic, endemic behavior and control. Our analysis predicts both the timings and outcomes of antigenic shifts leading to repeated epidemics and predicts the increase in variation in both antigenicity and virulence before antigenic escape. There is considerable variation in the degree of antigenic escape that occurs across pathogens and our results may help to explain the difference in virulence between related pathogens most clearly seen in the human A, B and C influenzas. More generally our results show the importance of examining the evolutionary consequences of non-equilibrium dynamics.

scholarly journals Selective behavioural impairments in mice heterozygous for the cross disorder psychiatric risk gene DLG2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Pass ◽  
Niels Haan ◽  
Trevor Humby ◽  
Lawrence S Wilkinson ◽  
Jeremy Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Impact

Mutations affecting DLG2 are emerging as a genetic risk factor associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder. Discs large homolog 2 (DLG2) is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein superfamily of scaffold proteins, a component of the post-synaptic density in excitatory neurons and regulator of synaptic function and plasticity. It remains an important question whether and how haploinsuffiency of DLG2 contributes to impairments in basic behavioural and cognitive functions that may underlie symptomatic domains in patients that cross diagnostic boundaries. Using a heterozygous Dlg2 mouse model we examined the impact of reduced Dlg2 expression on functions commonly impaired in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders including motor co-ordination and learning, pre-pulse inhibition and habituation to novel stimuli. The heterozygous Dlg2 mice exhibited behavioural impairments in long-term motor learning and long-term habituation to a novel context, but not motor co-ordination, initial responses to a novel context, PPI of acoustic startle or anxiety. We additionally showed evidence for the reduced regulation of the synaptic plasticity-associated protein cFos in the motor cortex during motor learning. The sensitivity of selective behavioural and cognitive functions, particularly those dependent on synaptic plasticity, to reduced expression of DLG2 give further credence for DLG2 playing a critical role in specific brain functions but also a mechanistic understanding of symptom expression shared across psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Marketing orientation in SMEs: Effects of the internal environment

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Becherer ◽  
Diane Halstead ◽  
Paula Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Marketing Orientation ◽  
Profit Performance ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ceo Characteristics

Marketing orientation refers to a culture in which organizations strive to create superior value for their customers (and superior performance for the business) by focusing on customer needs and long-term profitability. Some studies have found that firms with a high degree of marketing orientation experience improved performance; others have found mixed or nonsignificant results. The marketing orientation of small businesses has not been thoroughly investigated, however. This study of more than 200 small business CEOs examines the marketing orientation levels of small to medium-sized firms (SMEs) as well as the impact of various internal variables (sales/profit performance, company characteristics, and CEO characteristics) on marketing orientation levels. The results confirm some earlier research on marketing orientation and provide new insights into this important strategic dimension.

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