scholarly journals Impact of Process Misconception in Becker-DeGroot-Marschak Single Response Value Elicitation Procedures: An Experimental Investigation in Consumer Behavior Using the IKEA Effect

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Carolyn Predmore ◽  
Kudret Topyan ◽  
Lauren Trabold Apadula
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Consumer Research ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Popular Method ◽  
Value Elicitation ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Bidding Mechanism ◽  
Elicitation Procedure ◽  
Single Response ◽  
Bidding Process

Consumer researchers frequently employ valuation experiments to assess consumer opinions and test related hypotheses. One popular method used in many such experiments is the Becker- DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) single-response value elicitation procedure that initiates an incentive for the subjects to respond with their true valuation by utilizing a random bid to which the participants’ bid is compared. However, the “random bid” is not a straightforward concept, and the participants may not fully understand the mechanics of the bidding process. Therefore, they may incorrectly associate the bidding mechanism with a conventional auction bidding process in which the highest bidder wins, causing biased valuation outcomes. In this paper, we introduce a comprehension measurement step to eliminate the process comprehension bias in BDM valuation experiments. We also discuss the potential impact of the treatment of “zero” bidders in the BDM procedure. The present work shows that the size and statistical significance of past consumer research results are positively correlated with the participant comprehension of the valuation procedure. The results suggest that consumer research using a single-response value elicitation procedure, which initiates an incentive for the subjects to respond with their true valuation, may not be trusted if the comprehension level is not controlled.

scholarly journals Tetracycline-Resistant Bacteria Selected from Water and Zebrafish after Antibiotic Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3218
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Almeida ◽  
Marta Tacão ◽  
Joana Soares ◽  
Inês Domingues ◽  
Isabel Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Significant Mortality

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens due to worldwide antibiotic use is raising concern in several settings, including aquaculture. In this work, the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was evaluated after exposure of zebrafish to oxytetracycline (OTC) for two months, followed by a recovery period. The selection of ARB in water and fish was determined using selective media. The abundance of tetA genes was estimated through qPCR. Higher prevalence of ARB was measured in all samples exposed to the antibiotic when compared to control samples, although statistical significance was only achieved five days after exposure. Isolates recovered from samples exposed to the antibiotic were affiliated with Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas. Various antibiotic susceptibility profiles were detected and 37% of the isolates displayed multidrug resistance (MDR). The selection of the tetA gene was confirmed by qPCR at the highest OTC concentration tested. Two MDR isolates, tested using zebrafish embryos, caused significant mortality, indicating a potential impact on fish health and survival. Overall, our work highlights the potential impact of antibiotic contamination in the selection of potential pathogenic ARB and ARGS.

scholarly journals Retract p < 0.005 and propose using JASP, instead

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose D. Perezgonzalez ◽  
M. Dolores Frías-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Error Statistics ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Original Argument ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Bayesian Prior

Seeking to address the lack of research reproducibility in science, including psychology and the life sciences, a pragmatic solution has been raised recently:  to use a stricter p < 0.005 standard for statistical significance when claiming evidence of new discoveries. Notwithstanding its potential impact, the proposal has motivated a large mass of authors to dispute it from different philosophical and methodological angles. This article reflects on the original argument and the consequent counterarguments, and concludes with a simpler and better-suited alternative that the authors of the proposal knew about and, perhaps, should have made from their Jeffresian perspective: to use a Bayes factors analysis in parallel (e.g., via JASP) in order to learn more about frequentist error statistics and about Bayesian prior and posterior beliefs without having to mix inconsistent research philosophies.

scholarly journals The Effect of Topic Familiarity on Improving EFL Saudi Female Students` Reading Comprehension: تأثير النص المألوف لقطع القراءة في تطوير فهم الطالبات السعوديات الدارسات للغة الإنجليزية كلغة أجنبية

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afaf Ayed Alrowaithy
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Topic Familiarity ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Assessment Design ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Saudi Female Students

This study investigates the effect of topic familiarity on the reading comprehension performance of Saudi EFL students. Forty EFL Saudi female students on second year high school performed two tests: familiar versus unfamiliar topics in a multiple-choice format reading comprehension test each have 10 points with four texts two familiar and two unfamiliar texts. Quantitative analysis was undertaken in this study as a T test applied for both paired samples. The descriptive statistics shows that the arithmetic averages the students` performance on familiar topic larger than the arithmetic average on unfamiliar topic. The analytical statistics that identified the differences between both arithmetic averages shows that the differences among the students' performance on familiar and unfamiliar topic were large and have statistical significance in favor of their performance on familiar topic. Further replication of similar studies is necessary to determine the potential impact of topic familiarity on reading instructions and assessment design.

Catumaxomab with and without prednisolone in patients with malignant ascites due to epithelial cancer: Results from the phase IIIb CASIMAS study.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13097-e13097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalid Sehouli ◽  
Pauline Wimberger ◽  
Ignace B. Vergote ◽  
Per Rosenberg ◽  
Andreas Schneeweiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Malignant Ascites ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Epithelial Cancer ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Pivotal Study ◽  
Phase Iiib ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact

e13097^ Background: The primary objective of this study was to compare catumaxomab with prednisolone (CP) to catumaxomab without prednisolone (C) as 3-hour intraperitoneal (i.p.) infusion by demonstrating superiority for safety and non-inferiority for efficacy of the CP arm. Methods: 219 patients were randomized to catumaxomab plus premedication of 25 mg prednisolone (111 pts) or to catumaxomab alone (108 pts). The primary endpoint was the composite safety score (CSS) summarizing the worst CTCAE grades for the main TEAEs (pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain). A potential impact of prednisolone on efficacy was assessed by the co-primary endpoint puncture-free survival (PuFS). Further parameters included overall survival (OS) and time to next therapeutic puncture (TTPu). Results: The superiority of CP for safety was not proven as the mean CSS was comparable in the two groups (CP: 4.1; C: 3.8 for; p= 0.383). The median PuFS was slightly lower in CP (30 days) compared to C (37 days). However the hazard ratio (HR) for PuFS (HR: 1.130, p=0.402) as well as the 75% quartiles (CP: 155 days, C: 92 days) were in favour of CP compared to C. The median TTPu was similar in both groups (CP: 78 days; C: 102 days, p= 0.599). The majority of patients (123 pts) had no therapeutic paracentesis prior to death (CP: 54.8%; C; 61.7%, p=0.297). Median OS was longer for CP (CP: 124 days; C: 86 days, p= 0.186) without statistical significance. Conclusions: The CASIMAS results are in concordance with the data of the pivotal study and thus confirm the robustness of the treatment effect of catumaxomab in malignant ascites. The administration of 25mg prednisolone as premedication prior to catumaxomab infusion did not change the safety profile and did not negatively impact the efficacy of catumaxomab. The composite safety score after 3-hour infusion time was comparable to that seen in the pivotal study using 6 hours.

scholarly journals A New Physically Meaningful Threshold of Sample Entropy for Detecting Cardiovascular Diseases

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong ◽  
Liang ◽  
Zhu ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Series Length ◽  
Popular Method ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Normal Sinus

Sample Entropy (SampEn) is a popular method for assessing the regularity of physiological signals. Prior to the entropy calculation, certain common parameters need to be initialized: Embedding dimension m, tolerance threshold r and time series length N. Nevertheless, the determination of these parameters is usually based on expert experience. Improper assignments of these parameters tend to bring invalid values, inconsistency and low statistical significance in entropy calculation. In this study, we proposed a new tolerance threshold with physical meaning (rp), which was based on the sampling resolution of physiological signals. Statistical significance, percentage of invalid entropy values and ROC curve were used to evaluate the proposed rp against the traditional threshold (rt). Normal sinus rhythm (NSR), congestive heart failure (CHF) as well as atrial fibrillation (AF) RR interval recordings from Physionet were used as the test data. The results demonstrated that the proposed rp had better stability than rt, hence more adaptive to detect cardiovascular diseases of CHF and AF.

scholarly journals Retract 0.005 and propose using JASP, instead

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose D. Perezgonzalez ◽  
Dolores Frias-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Error Statistics ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Alternative Proposal ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
User Friendly

Seeking to address the lack of research reproducibility, Benjamin et al. propose a pragmatic solution: use a stricter 0.005 standard for statistical significance when claiming evidence of new discoveries. Notwithstanding its potential impact, the proposal has motivated a large mass of authors to dispute it. In reality, a simpler and better suited alternative proposal exists, perhaps the only one the authors could be entitled to make from their Jeffresian perspective: Use JASP, the stand-alone, free-to-download, R-based statistical software with user-friendly GUI for learning more about your error statistics and your beliefs.

scholarly journals Workload Distribution Within An Extensive Case Pedagogy: A Competitive Bidding Strategy

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
David Malone
Keyword(s):  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Competitive Bidding ◽  
Bidding Strategy ◽  
Intensive Courses ◽  
Bidding Strategies ◽  
Workload Distribution ◽  
Bidding Mechanism ◽  
Bidding Process

This paper presents a bidding strategy that may be incorporated into case-intensive courses. The purpose of the bidding process is to equitably distribute credit when students are assigned cases of differing degrees of difficulty. The paper also collects data to help answer a basic research question regarding this device: Is there evidence of bounded rationality among students in executing their bidding strategies? While there does appear to be evidence of some bounded rationality, the bidding mechanism appears to distribute workload and credit rationally.

An Application of Meta-Analysis in Food Safety Consumer Research To Evaluate Consumer Behaviors and Practices

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2587-2595 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUMEET R. PATIL ◽  
ROBERTA MORALES ◽  
SHERYL CATES ◽  
DONALD ANDERSON ◽  
DAVID KENDALL
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Consumer Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Weighted Averages ◽  
Combining Information

Meta-analysis provides a structured method for combining results from several studies and accounting for and differentiating between study variables. Numerous food safety consumer research studies often focus on specific behaviors among different subpopulations but fail to provide a holistic picture of consumer behavior. Combining information from several studies provides a broader understanding of differences and trends among demographic subpopulations, and thus, helps in developing effective risk communication messages. In the illustrated example, raw/undercooked ground beef consumption and hygienic practices were evaluated according to gender, ethnicity, and age. Percentages of people engaging in each of the above behaviors (referred to as effect sizes) were combined using weighted averages of these percentages. Several measures, including sampling errors, random variance between studies, sample sizes of studies, and homogeneity of findings across studies, were used in the meta-analysis. The statistical significance of differences in behaviors across demographic segments was evaluated using analysis of variance. The meta-analysis identified considerable variability in effect sizes for raw/undercooked ground beef consumption and poor hygienic practices. More males, African Americans, and adults between 30 and 54 years (midage) consumed raw/undercooked ground beef than other demographic segments. Males, Caucasians, and Hispanics and young adults between 18 and 29 years were more likely to engage in poor hygienic practices. Compared to traditional qualitative review methods, meta-analysis quantitatively accounts for interstudy differences, allows greater consideration of data from studies with smaller sample sizes, and offers ease of analysis as newer data become available, and thus, merits consideration for its application in food safety consumer research.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus infection in yak (Bos grunniens) in Tibet, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Liang ◽  
Yuan Wen ◽  
Zhaocai Li ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Chlamydia Abortus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age Category

AbstractChlamydia spp. are prevalent zoonotic pathogens that infect a wide variety of host species. Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) infection in yaks has been reported in Gansu and Qinghai province, China. However, no data about C. abortus infection are available in yaks in Tibet, China. A total of 938 serum samples was collected from yaks in Tibet, China and specific antibodies against C. abortus were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the overall seroprevalence of C. abortus in yaks was 104/938 (11.1 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 9.1–13.1). The prevalence in female and male yaks was 59/556 (10.6 %, 95 % CI 8.0-13.2) and 45/382 (11.8 %, 95 % CI 8.5–15.0), respectively with no significant difference (p > 0.05). The seroprevalence of antibodies to C. abortus in yaks ranged from 8.0 to 18.2 % among the six different areas, and the difference was also without statistical significance (p > 0.05). The prevalence among different age groups ranged from 7.0 to 15.9 %, with a higher prevalence among 1 to 2 years age category. The results demonstrate the presence of C. abortus infection in yaks in Tibet and may pose a risk for the general yak populations in addition to its potential impact on public health and the local Tibetan economy. To our knowledge, this is the first seroprevalence survey of C. abortus in yaks in Tibet, China.

scholarly journals Listening to consumption: Towards a sonic turn in consumer research

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Patterson ◽  
Gretchen Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Consumer Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Linguistic Means

In seeking to orient consumer research towards the sonic, this article has three objectives. First, to chart the emergence of the ‘sonic turn’ in the social sciences and, relatedly, to register the echoes of such a turn in consumer research. Second, to draw together the implications of this turn for the ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations of consumer research as a culturally framed social science. Third, to tease out the potential impact of the turn to sound in an intellectual context that remains relatively silent, by addressing the question: what does it mean to listen to consumption? We conclude that the sonic turn does not simply present a set of new objects for enquiry but rather offers a fresh analytical lens that provides a non-linguistic means of appreciating consumption. Such a move opens up the space for new, alternative and disruptive ways of thinking about and doing consumer research.

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