scholarly journals Functionalized Three-Dimensional Multilayer Ceramic Modules

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Manja Kloska ◽  
Heike Bartsch ◽  
Jens Müller ◽  
Thomas Haas ◽  
Christian Zeilmann
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Technological Chain ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Multilayer Ceramic ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Multilayer Substrate

Three-dimensional interconnect devices are still strongly related to plastic materials. Since the use of these materials is limited in harsh environments, there is an application gap, which could be filled by ceramic circuit carriers. Low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) offer promising solutions to fill this gap. This work provides a feasibility study, including the whole technological chain of ceramic multilayer processing. Targeting a curved multilayer substrate, fully equipped with SMD (Surface-mounted device) components, the particularities of single process steps are investigated. Two shaping methods based on quartz glass molds are compared with regard to shape fidelity and technological effort. The investigation of internal conductor lines and via connections reveals that the metallization should have a minimum width of 200 µm and the via diameter is limited to 150 µm. Further considerations focus on the possible footprint of components and use of cavities to increase the footprint of components. The limits of wire bonding on curved surfaces were inspected. Finally, the work presents a demonstrator of a fully equipped four-layer ceramic circuit, including internal wiring. Hence, the transfer of the 2.5-dimensional multilayer ceramic technology into the third dimension is proven.

Design of Miniature Electromagnetic Induction Type MEMS Generators With Multilayer Ceramic Circuit

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minami Takato ◽  
Hiroaki Endo ◽  
Yuji Yokozeki ◽  
Kazuaki Maezumi ◽  
Ken Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotational Motion ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Core ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Air Turbine ◽  
Induction Type ◽  
Multilayer Ceramic

This paper discusses the design of a miniature electromagnetic induction type air turbine generator with a multilayer ceramic magnetic circuit. The air turbine is fabricated using a micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) process, which can form high-accuracy, high-aspect-ratio parts. The magnetic circuit is fabricated using a multilayer ceramic technology that can form a three-dimensional conductor pattern into which a magnetic material can be introduced. By combining these technologies, a miniature generator comprising a miniature magnetic circuit with a helical conductor structure and magnetic core is achieved. In this study, a three-phase and a single-phase generator were fabricated, which produced rotational motion and output waveforms. In this paper, the generators are discussed with respect to the rotational motion and the shape of the magnetic circuit.

Instrumentation For Quantitative Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
B. Ralph ◽  
A.R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Phase Volume Fraction ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Automatic Data Collection ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure

In all fields of microscopy there is an increasing interest in the quantification of microstructure. This interest may stem from a desire to establish quality control parameters or may have a more fundamental requirement involving the derivation of parameters which partially or completely define the three dimensional nature of the microstructure. This latter categorey of study may arise from an interest in the evolution of microstructure or from a desire to generate detailed property/microstructure relationships. In the more fundamental studies some convolution of two-dimensional data into the third dimension (stereological analysis) will be necessary.In some cases the two-dimensional data may be acquired relatively easily without recourse to automatic data collection and further, it may prove possible to perform the data reduction and analysis relatively easily. In such cases the only recourse to machines may well be in establishing the statistical confidence of the resultant data. Such relatively straightforward studies tend to result from acquiring data on the whole assemblage of features making up the microstructure. In this field data mode, when parameters such as phase volume fraction, mean size etc. are sought, the main case for resorting to automation is in order to perform repetitive analyses since each analysis is relatively easily performed.

Effect of Vaned Diffuser on a Modified Turbocharger Centrifugal Compressor Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
Layth H. Jawad ◽  
Shahrir Abdullah ◽  
Zulkifli R. ◽  
Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Outlet Section ◽  
Suction Surface ◽  
Vaned Diffuser ◽  
Minimum Width

A numerical study that was made in a three-dimensional flow, carried out in a modified centrifugal compressor, having vaned diffuser stage, used as an automotive turbo charger. In order to study the influence of vaned diffuser meridional outlet section with a different width ratio of the modified centrifugal compressor. Moreover, the performance of the centrifugal compressor was dependent on the proper matching between the compressor impeller along the vaned diffuser. The aerodynamic characteristics were compared under different meridional width ratio. In addition, the velocity vectors in diffuser flow passages, and the secondary flow in cross-section near the outlet of diffuser were analysed in detail under different meridional width ratio. Another aim of this research was to study and simulate the effect of vaned diffuser on the performance of a centrifugal compressor. The simulation was undertaken using commercial software so-called ANSYS CFX, to predict numerically the performance charachteristics. The results were generated from CFD and were analysed for better understanding of the fluid flow through centrifugal compressor stage and as a result of the minimum width ratio the flow in diffuser passage tends to be uniformity. Moreover, the backflow and vortex near the pressure surface disappear, and the vortex and detachment near the suction surface decrease. Conclusively, it was observed that the efficiency was increased and both the total pressure ratio and static pressure for minimum width ratio are increased.

Theory of Electron Diffraction by Crystals

1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyozaburo Kambe
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Green’S Function ◽  
Green's Function ◽  
Scattering Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Dimension

A general theory of electron diffraction by crystals is developed. The crystals are assumed to be infinitely extended in two dimensions and finite in the third dimension. For the scattering problem by this structure two-dimensionally expanded forms of GREEN’S function and integral equation are at first derived, and combined in single three-dimensional forms. EWALD’S method is applied to sum up the series for GREEN’S function.

Analysis of an origin of DNA amplification in Sciara coprophila by a novel three-dimensional gel method

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1520-1529
Author(s):  
C Liang ◽  
S A Gerbi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Origin Region ◽  
2D Gel ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Single Dna Molecule ◽  
Replication Intermediates

The replication origin region for DNA amplification in Sciara coprophila DNA puff II/9A was analyzed with a novel three-dimensional (3D) gel method. Our 3D gel method involves running a neutral/neutral 2D gel and then cutting out vertical gel slices from the area containing replication intermediates, rotating these slices 90 degrees to form the third dimension, and running an alkaline gel for each of the slices. Therefore, replication intermediates are separated into forks and bubbles and then are resolved into parental and nascent strands. We used this technique to determine the size of forks and bubbles and to confirm the location of the major initiation region previously mapped by 2D gels to a 1-kb region. Furthermore, our 3D gel analyses suggest that only one initiation event in the origin region occurs on a single DNA molecule and that the fork arc in the composite fork-plus-bubble pattern in neutral/neutral 2D gels does not result from broken bubbles.

Modelling of form in thermotropic polymers

1994 ◽  
Vol 348 (1686) ◽  
pp. 73-96 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Singularity ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Crystalline Polymers ◽  
Elasticity Equations ◽  
Lower Total Energy ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Crystalline Microstructure

A lattice model of liquid crystalline microstructure has been developed. It provides the basis for the three-dimensional solution of the Frank elasticity equations for given boundary conditions while, in addition, providing a mechanistic representation of the development of texture as the microstructure relaxes with time. It is also able to represent disclination motion and the processes associated with their interaction. In particular, it has been used to study (s = ± 1/2) disclination loops, both those described by a single rotation vector, 17, and those in which 17 has a constant angular relationship with the loop line and are equivalent to a point singularity at a distance much larger than the loop radius. The application of the model to disclinations of unit strength, which are unstable both energetically and topologically, has shown that the decomposition into two 1/2 strength lines of lower total energy occurs much more readily than topological escape in the third dimension. The implication for structures observed in capillary tubes is discussed. The influence on microstructure of a splay constant much higher than that of twist or bend is explored in the context of main-chain liquid crystalline polymers, in particular, the stabilization of tangential +1 lines under such conditions is predicted in accord with observed microstructural features.

scholarly journals A Possible Three-Dimensional Mechanism for Oscillating Wobbles in Tropical Cyclone–Like Vortices with Concentric Eyewalls

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 2157-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Menelaou ◽  
M. K. Yau ◽  
Tsz-Kin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Triggering Mechanism ◽  
Eigenmode Analysis ◽  
Concentric Eyewalls ◽  
Third Dimension

Abstract It is known that concentric eyewalls can influence tropical cyclone (TC) intensity. However, they can also influence TC track. Observations indicate that TCs with concentric eyewalls are often accompanied by wobbling of the inner eyewall, a motion that gives rise to cycloidal tracks. Currently, there is no general consensus of what might constitute the dominant triggering mechanism of these wobbles. In this paper we revisit the fundamentals. The control case constitutes a TC with symmetric concentric eyewalls embedded in a quiescent environment. Two sets of experiments are conducted: one using a two-dimensional nondivergent nonlinear model and the other using a three-dimensional nonlinear model. It is found that when the system is two-dimensional, no wobbling of the inner eyewall is triggered. On the other hand, when the third dimension is introduced, an amplifying wobble is evident. This result contradicts the previous suggestion that wobbles occur only in asymmetric concentric eyewalls. It also contradicts the suggestion that environmental wind shear can be the main trigger. Examination of the dynamics along with complementary linear eigenmode analysis revealed the triggering mechanism to be the excitation of a three-dimensional exponentially growing azimuthal wavenumber-1 instability. This instability is induced by the coupling of two baroclinic vortex Rossby waves across the moat region. Additional sensitivity analyses involving reasonable modifications to vortex shape parameters, perturbation vertical length scale, and Rossby number reveal that this instability can be systematically the most excited. The growth rates are shown to peak for perturbations characterized by realistic vertical length scales, suggesting that this mechanism can be potentially relevant to actual TCs.

Design of an LTCC Structure for a Micro-Ceramic Combustor

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000288-000293
Author(s):  
Darko Belavic ◽  
Marko Hrovat ◽  
Gregor Dolanc ◽  
Kostja Makarovic ◽  
Marina Santo Zarnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Buried Structures ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Micro Systems ◽  
Micro Combustor ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Advanced micro- or macro-systems are in some cases made with multilayer ceramic technology. Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology is considered as one of the more suitable technologies for the fabrication of ceramic micro-systems that integrate screen-printed, thick-film electronic components as well as three-dimensional buried structures, for example, cavities and channels. One of the applications is a ceramic combustor. The chemical energy of the fuel is converted into thermal energy in a chemical micro-combustor through a burning process, while the accompanying high temperatures and, frequently, high pressures impose harsh conditions on the combustor structure. Therefore, the combustor must be carefully designed not only from the functional, thermal and chemical points of view, but also with respect to the mechanical strength. The combustor device was prepared by laminating of Du Pont 951PX LTCC green tapes. The fabricated 3D LTCC structures with buried cavities and channels including two inlets (for fuel and air), the evaporator for the fuel, the mixing system of the channels (for mixing the evaporated fuel and air), the distribution channels and eight microburners were realized. The main parts are eight micro-burners realized as buried cavities. In the burners a platinum-based catalyst was deposited to assist the oxidation, i.e., the burning, of the methanol with the air. Thickfilm, platinum-based heaters and temperature sensors are incorporated within the structure. The device was tested with different flow rates of liquid methanol (1 ml/h to 5 ml/h) and air (7 l/h to 15 l/h). The obtained temperatures were between 250°C and 450°C.

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