scholarly journals JPEG Images Encryption Scheme Using Elliptic Curves and A New S-Box Generated by Chaos

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Erick Hernández-Díaz ◽  
Héctor Pérez-Meana ◽  
Víctor Silva-García ◽  
Rolando Flores-Carapia
Keyword(s):  
Power Analysis ◽  
Logistic Map ◽  
Symmetric Encryption ◽  
Substitution Box ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Jpeg Images ◽  
Cipher Text ◽  
Solution Point ◽  
Single Block

This paper proposes a new symmetric encryption system based on an elliptical curve and chaos, where the encryption is done in a single block and runs for 14 rounds. Here, the 15 encryption keys have the same size as the image and are generated using a solution point of a strong elliptic curve. Using a string of random numbers obtained with a logistic map, a permutation and its inverse are generated, which improve the encryption level and add diffusion to the cryptosystem. Another important contribution to this research is the generation of a substitution box with a non-linearity of 100, which strengthens the cryptosystem against differential and linear attacks that add confusion to the scheme. Moreover, the cryptographic properties of the proposed S-Box are compared with those of the S-Box of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to ascertain that it is a suitable alternative that it is resistant to differential power analysis (DPA) attacks. To verify the robustness of proposed cryptosystem against cryptanalysis and the quality of the cipher text obtained, this system is subjected to different tests, such as entropy, correlation coefficient, χ2, Changing Pixel Rate (NPCR), and Unified Averaged Changing Intensity (UACI). The results are shown and compared with recently proposed systems.

scholarly journals Construction of S-Box Based on Chaotic Map and Algebraic Structures

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqtadar Hussain ◽  
Amir Anees ◽  
Temadher Al-Maadeed ◽  
Muhammad Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Logistic Map ◽  
Symmetric Encryption ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Substitution Box ◽  
Differential Approximation ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
Strict Avalanche Criterion ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Independence Criterion

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is widely used in different kinds of security applications. The substitution box (S-box) is the main component of many modern symmetric encryption ciphers that provides confusion between the secret key and ciphertext. The S-box component that is used in AES is fixed. If we construct this component dynamically, the encryption strength of AES would be greater than before. In this manuscript, we used chaotic logistic map, Mobius transformation and symmetric group S 256 to construct S-box for AES. The idea behind the proposed work is to make supplementary safe S-box. The presented S-box is analyzed for the following analyses: linear approximation probability (LP), nonlinearity (NL), differential approximation probability (DP), strict avalanche criterion (SAC), and bit independence criterion (BIC). The analyses show that the proposed technique is useful in generating high resistance S-box to known attacks.

Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Substitution Principle and Shuffling Scheme

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Atyaf S. Hamad ◽  
Alaa K. Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Image Encryption ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Logistic Map ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cipher Text ◽  
The Face ◽  
Substitution Principle ◽  
2D Logistic Map ◽  
Image Encryption Algorithm

This research presents a method of image encryption that has been designed based on the algorithm of complete shuffling, transformation of substitution box, and predicated image crypto-system. This proposed algorithm presents extra confusion in the first phase because of including an S-box based on using substitution by AES algorithm in encryption and its inverse in Decryption. In the second phase, shifting and rotation were used based on secrete key in each channel depending on the result from the chaotic map, 2D logistic map and the output was processed and used for the encryption algorithm. It is known from earlier studies that simple encryption of images based on the scheme of shuffling is insecure in the face of chosen cipher text attacks. Later, an extended algorithm has been projected. This algorithm performs well against chosen cipher text attacks. In addition, the proposed approach was analyzed for NPCR, UACI (Unified Average Changing Intensity), and Entropy analysis for determining its strength.

scholarly journals Quality Classification of Injection-Molded Components by Using Quality Indices, Grading, and Machine Learning

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Kun-Cheng Ke ◽  
Ming-Shyan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Quality Grading ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mlp Model

Conventional methods for assessing the quality of components mass produced using injection molding are expensive and time-consuming or involve imprecise statistical process control parameters. A suitable alternative would be to employ machine learning to classify the quality of parts by using quality indices and quality grading. In this study, we used a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network along with a few quality indices to accurately predict the quality of “qualified” and “unqualified” geometric shapes of a finished product. These quality indices, which exhibited a strong correlation with part quality, were extracted from pressure curves and input into the MLP model for learning and prediction. By filtering outliers from the input data and converting the measured quality into quality grades used as output data, we increased the prediction accuracy of the MLP model and classified the quality of finished parts into various quality levels. The MLP model may misjudge datapoints in the “to-be-confirmed” area, which is located between the “qualified” and “unqualified” areas. We classified the “to-be-confirmed” area, and only the quality of products in this area were evaluated further, which reduced the cost of quality control considerably. An integrated circuit tray was manufactured to experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

scholarly journals “The quarry proposed by St Marys Cement Inc. for a location near Carlisle, Ontario should not be permitted” : Proponents’ Brief

SURG Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Michelle Conklin ◽  
Jake L’Ecuyer ◽  
Nicole Morgan ◽  
Natalie Proracki ◽  
Tom Schiks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
Alternative Site ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The City

This paper presents a set of arguments claiming that construction of the quarry near Flamborough, Ontario proposed St. Mary’s Cement Inc. should not be permitted. First, the quarry would violate local citizens’ property rights, compromise community health and safety, and incur excessive economic costs. Precautionary measures are insufficient, such that the quarry is expected to irreparably damage drinking water and quality of life. Second, the area proposed for aggregate extraction is mostly undeveloped, containing unique, valuable natural features and ecological linkages. Despite regulation and monitoring according to the provincial Aggregate Resources Act, rehabilitation of the site after aggregate extraction would be inadequate in returning the land to its former condition. This will result in habitat fragmentation and loss of high quality farmland. Furthermore, the construction of the quarry is not permitted under current City of Hamilton zoning regulations; the City of Hamilton, along with the city’s Public Health Services, filed an official objection against construction. Finally, a GIS study has selected a more suitable alternative site for aggregate extraction near Carlisle, which meets the geographic, topographic, and mineral needs of St. Mary’s Cement Group without disturbing habitat or nearby communities.

Comparison of two intramuscular sedation protocols on sedation, recovery and ease of venipuncture for cats undergoing blood donation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C Reader ◽  
Bruce A Barton ◽  
Amanda L Abelson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donation ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sedation Protocol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lateral Recumbency

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the quality of sedation and recovery, and ease of venipuncture following sedation for feline blood donation using two intramuscular (IM) sedation protocols: alfaxalone/butorphanol (AB) and dexmedetomidine/butorphanol (DB). Methods This was an experimental randomized, blinded, crossover study. Ten client-owned healthy cats were recruited to participate in the study. Cats were sedated with AB (alfaxalone 2 mg/kg and butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg) for one donation and DB (dexmedetomidine 10 μg/kg and butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg) for another. Reaction to injection, quality of sedation and quality of recovery were assessed by a blinded observer. Time to lateral recumbency, number of venipuncture attempts, time required for blood collection and time to return to sternal recumbency were recorded. Cats were monitored for evidence of gastrointestinal distress. Each donation consisted of a maximum of 53 ml whole blood drawn over 3–22 mins. Donors received 100 ml subcutaneous lactated Ringer’s solution in recovery. Owners, unaware of sedation protocol, were asked to complete a questionnaire evaluating their cat’s behavior following sedation. Results IM injections were well tolerated by both treatment groups. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in sedation scores for posture ( P = 0.30) or behavior ( P = 0.06). Cats sedated with DB had significantly higher muscle relaxation scores ( P = 0.03) compared with AB. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in time to lateral recumbency ( P = 0.12), number of venipuncture attempts ( P = 0.91) and time for blood draw ( P = 0.29). There was no difference in quality of recoveries between treatment groups based on simple descriptive scores ( P = 0.18) and owner evaluation 24 h following sedation. One cat vomited following administration of DB. Conclusions and relevance Alfaxalone is a suitable alternative to dexmedetomidine when combined with butorphanol and used as part of an IM sedation protocol for cats undergoing blood donation.

scholarly journals Biogas Upgrading Approaches with Special Focus on Siloxane Removal—A Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6088
Author(s):  
Pardon Nyamukamba ◽  
Patrick Mukumba ◽  
Evernice Shelter Chikukwa ◽  
Golden Makaka
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Trace Compounds ◽  
End Use

Biogas, a product of anaerobic digestion process that consists mainly of methane and carbon dioxide is a suitable alternative fuel if unwanted impurities are removed as they have a negative impact on the equipment. The most significant technologically troublesome trace compounds that must be removed are siloxanes since they are converted into silica on gas surface engines and turbines resulting in equipment damage. The quality of the gas is certainly improved by reducing the amount of impurities and the end use determines the extent of biogas cleaning needed. The major aim of this study was to compile information that can assist researchers or even designers in selecting a suitable technology to remove siloxanes. Siloxane removal definitely can be achieved using different methods and the effectiveness of each method relies on careful consideration of the characteristics of both biogas and siloxane, as well as the technological aspects of the method. Herein, we review on different cleaning techniques for siloxanes in raw biogas, the negative effects they have, their levels and technologies to reduce their concentrations. This review also incorporates the sources of the siloxanes, the progress to date on their removal and possible ways of regenerating adsorbents. The reviewed literature suggests that biogas upgrading technology should be promoted and encouraged especially in siloxane removal as it has detrimental effects on engines. The parameters and effectiveness of adsorption processes are discussed, and individual adsorbents are compared.

Statistical tests and power analysis for three in-vivo bioassays to determine the quality of marine sediments

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly van der Hoeven ◽  
Belinda J. Kater ◽  
Jan F. Pieters
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Statistical Tests

Diagnosis of glaucoma using telemedicine – the effect of compression on the evaluation of optic nerve head cup–disc ratio

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 123-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Beauregard ◽  
John Lewis ◽  
Marc Piccolo ◽  
Harold Bedell
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Optical Resolution ◽  
Jpeg Images ◽  
Disk Space ◽  
Blinded Observer ◽  
Tiff Format

A photograph of the optic nerve head requires a lot of disk space (over 1 MByte) for storage and may require substantial bandwidth and time for transmission to a remote practitioner for a second opinion. To test whether compression degrades the image quality of the images, 302 slides were digitized at an optical resolution of 2400 pixels/inch (945 pixels/cm) and 30 bit/pixel. The images were saved both in non-compressed TIFF format and in compressed JPEG (compression ratio of 60) format. A blinded observer measured the optic nerve head cup–disc ratio for all three groups: the original slides, uncompressed TIFF and compressed JPEG images. The results showed that digital images were less accurate than slides. However, compression, even up to a ratio of 40, did not make matters worse.

Symmetric encryption using logistic map

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jhansi Rani ◽  
S. Durga Bhavani
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Map ◽  
Symmetric Encryption

scholarly journals Telerehabilitation for Stroke Survivors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huidi Tchero ◽  
Maturin Tabue-Teguo ◽  
Annie Lannuzel ◽  
Emmanuel Rusch
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Rehabilitation Care ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

BACKGROUND Telerehabilitation is an emerging technology through which medical rehabilitation care can be provided from a distance. OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the efficacy of telerehabilitation in poststroke patients. METHODS Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by searching MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science databases. Continuous data were extracted for relevant outcomes and analyzed using the RevMan software as the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI in a fixed-effect meta-analysis model. RESULTS We included 15 studies (1339 patients) in our systematic review, while only 12 were included in the pooled analysis. The combined effect estimate showed no significant differences between the telerehabilitation and control groups in terms of the Barthel Index (SMD –0.05, 95% CI –0.18 to 0.08), Berg Balance Scale (SMD –0.04, 95% CI –0.34 to 0.26), Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (SMD 0.50, 95% CI –0.09 to 1.09), and Stroke Impact Scale (mobility subscale; SMD 0.18, 95% CI –0.13 to 0.48]) scores. Moreover, the majority of included studies showed that both groups were comparable in terms of health-related quality of life (of stroke survivors), Caregiver Strain Index, and patients’ satisfaction with care. One study showed that the cost of telerehabilitation was lower than usual care by US $867. CONCLUSIONS Telerehabilitation can be a suitable alternative to usual rehabilitation care in poststroke patients, especially in remote or underserved areas. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the health-related quality of life and cost-effectiveness with the ongoing improvements in telerehabilitation networks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document