scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Wireless Hopping Sensor Relocation Based on Prediction of Terrain Conditions

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyeon Park ◽  
Moonseong Kim ◽  
Woochan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Charging System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Actual Environment ◽  
Efficient Scheme ◽  
Sensor Relocation

It is inevitable for data collection that IoT sensors are distributed to interested areas. However, not only the proper placement of sensors, but also the replacement of sensors that have run out of energy is very difficult. As a remedy, wireless charging systems for IoT sensors have been researched recently, but it is apparent that the availability of charging system is limited especially for IoT sensors scattered in rugged terrain. Thus, it is important that the sensor relocation models to recover sensing holes employ energy-efficient scheme. While there are various methods in the mobile model of wireless sensors, well-known wheel-based movements in rough areas are hard to achieve. Thus, research is ongoing in various areas of the hopping mobile model in which wireless sensors jump. Many past studies about hopping sensor relocation assume that all sensor nodes are aware of entire network information throughout the network. These assumptions do not fit well to the actual environment, and they are nothing but classical theoretical research. In addition, the physical environment (sand, mud, etc.) of the area in which the sensor is deployed can change from time to time. In this paper, we overcome the theoretical-based problems of the past researches and propose a new realistic hopping sensor relocation protocol considering terrain conditions. Since the status of obstacles around the sensing hole is unknown, the success rate of the hopping sensor relocation is used to predict the condition of the surrounding environment. Also, we are confident that our team is uniquely implementing OMNeT++ (Objective Modular Network Testbed in C++) simulation in the hopping sensor relocation protocol to reflect the actual communication environment. Simulations have been performed on various obstacles for performance evaluation and analysis, and we are confident that better energy efficiency with later appearance of sensing holes can be achieved compared to well-known relocation protocols.

scholarly journals Enhancing Packet Delivery Ratio and a lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks using Energy-Efficient Unequal Clustering Routing Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Unequal Clustering ◽  
Packet Delivery

Sensors are regarded as significant components of electronic devices. The sensor nodes deployed with limited resources, such as the power of battery inserted in the sensor nodes. So the lifetime of wireless sensor networks(WSNs) can be increased by using the energy of the sensor nodes in an efficient way. A major part of energy is consumed during the communication of data. Also, the growing demand for usage of wireless sensors applications in different aspects makes the quality-of-service(QoS) to be one of the paramount issues in wireless sensors applications. QoS guarantee in WSNs is difficult and more challenging due to the fact that the sensors have limited resources and the various applications running over these networks have different constraints in their nature and requirements. The packet delivery ratio(PDR) is a major factor of QoS. To achieve high QoS the packet delivery ratio should be maximum. The energy-efficient unequal clustering routing protocol (EEUCR) is evaluated and results show that it enhances the packet delivery ratio(PDR) and a lifetime of WSNs. In this protocol, the area of the network is divided into a number of rings of unequal size and each ring is further divided into a number of clusters. Rings nearer to the base station(BS) have smaller area and area of rings keeps on increasing as the distance from BS increases for balanced energy consumption. The nodes with heterogeneous energy are deployed in the network. Nodes nearer to the base station have higher energy as compared to farther nodes. Static clustering is used but cluster heads(CHs) are not fixed and are elected on the basis of remaining energy. This helps to increase lifetime of EEUCR. PDR of EEUCR is improved because multiple rings help to find better route which further aids to ensure safe reception of packets at the destination. Simulation results are compared with existing protocols and show that this algorithm gives better results.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Sensor Network Device Control System with AR Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 2-3 ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Naoya Sakamoto ◽  
Hideki Shimada ◽  
Kenya Sato
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Visualization Tool ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Packet Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
Network Device

Sensor networks, which can immediately detect events and situations and automatically control actuators, are expected to proliferate in the future, even though their visualization of sensor networks has not been emphasized. Identifying broken nodes in real environments remains difficult using a traditional visualization tool that plots the virtual diagram on which sensor nodes are put. In this paper, we propose and implement a control system of sensor network devices with AR technology. Our proposed system displays sensor data and network information such as the link status, the packet data, and the traffic in the sensor network on an AR interface. In addition, we control the sensor devices through the AR interface. Our proposed system allows users to intuitively acquire the status of sensor networks. We can also control the devices through the AR interface.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Sensor-Cloud Platform for Physical Sensor Management on CoT Environments

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Hang ◽  
Wenquan Jin ◽  
HyeonSik Yoon ◽  
Yong Hong ◽  
Do Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Virtual Sensors ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
Physical Sensors ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sensor Cloud

The development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the ubiquity of the Internet by integrating all objects for interaction via embedded systems, leading to a highly distributed network of devices communicating with human beings as well as other devices. In recent years, cloud computing has attracted a lot of attention from specialists and experts around the world. With the increasing number of distributed sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks, new models for interacting with wireless sensors using the cloud are intended to overcome restricted resources and efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel sensor-cloud based platform which is able to virtualize physical sensors as virtual sensors in the CoT (Cloud of Things) environment. Virtual sensors, which are the essentials of this sensor-cloud architecture, simplify the process of generating a multiuser environment over resource-constrained physical wireless sensors and can help in implementing applications across different domains. Virtual sensors are dynamically provided in a group which advantages capability of the management the designed platform. An auto-detection approach on the basis of virtual sensors is additionally proposed to identify the accessible physical sensors nodes even if the status of these sensors are offline. In order to assess the usability of the designed platform, a smart-space-based IoT case study was implemented, and a series of experiments were carried out to evaluate the proposed system performance. Furthermore, a comparison analysis was made and the results indicate that the proposed platform outperforms the existing platforms in numerous respects.

scholarly journals Energy-efficient scheme for target recognition and localization in wireless acoustic sensor networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014771989140
Author(s):  
Afnan Algobail ◽  
Adel Soudani ◽  
Saad Alahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Target Recognition ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Acoustic Sensor ◽  
Remote Server ◽  
Acoustic Sensor Networks ◽  
Efficient Scheme

The development of wireless acoustic sensor networks has driven the use of acoustic signals for target monitoring. Most monitoring applications require continuous network connectivity and data transfers, which can rapidly exhaust nodes’ energy. Consequently, sensors must collaborate in an adequate architecture to perform target recognition and localization tasks and then to send the results to a remote server with a reduced data volume. The design of an energy-efficient scheme that achieves acoustic target recognition and localization remains an open research problem. Accordingly, this article proposes a low-energy acoustic-based sensing scheme for target recognition and localization to be implemented in a cluster-based sensing approach designed to appropriately balance energy consumption and local processing performed by sensor nodes. A reduced set of low-complexity feature extraction methods in the time domain signal are used in the recognition process. The scheme uses the received energy of the acoustic signals for the target localization. This article details the network architecture, the scheme specification, and its implementation. The results show that the scheme can classify targets with 81.34% accuracy. It requires 3.2 mJ of energy when executed in MICAz, achieving 99% energy savings compared to streaming 3 s of an acoustic signal to a remote server.

Multi-Objective Decision Making Approach based Load Balanced Clustering in WSNs to Increase The Lifetime of Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekhraj ◽  
Alok Kumar ◽  
Anoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Grey Wolf Optimizer ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Balanced Clustering

Abstract A network of wireless sensors (WSN) is an outstanding technology that can aid in the various applications. Batteries run the sensor nodes those are used in WSN. The battery is impossible to charge or repair, so the most valuable resource for wireless sensor networks is power. Over the years, several strategies have been invented and used to preserve this precious WSN resource. One of the most successful approach for this purpose has turned out to be clustering. The aim of this paper is to suggest an effective technique for choosing cluster heads in WSNs to increase the lifetime of the network. To accomplish this task, Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) technique has been used. The general GWO was updated in this paper to meet the particular purpose of cluster head selection in WSNs. In this article, we have considered eleven attributes in the fitness function for the proposed algorithm. The simulation is carried out under different conditions. The results obtained show that the proposed protocol is superior in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime by evaluating the proposed protocol (i.e. CH-GWO protocol) with some well-existing cluster protocols. The suggested protocol forms energy-efficient and scalable clusters.

Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering algorithm for cluster head selection (DEEEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8139-8147
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Arun ◽  
Rangaswamy Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ch Selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) the energy of Sensor nodes is not certainly sufficient. In order to optimize the endurance of WSN, it is essential to minimize the utilization of energy. Head of group or Cluster Head (CH) is an eminent method to develop the endurance of WSN that aggregates the WSN with higher energy. CH for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication becomes dependent. For complete, in WSN, the Energy level of CH extends its life of cluster. While evolving cluster algorithms, the complicated job is to identify the energy utilization amount of heterogeneous WSNs. Based on Chaotic Firefly Algorithm CH (CFACH) selection, the formulated work is named “Novel Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm”, in short, DEEEC for HWSNs. The formulated DEEEC Algorithm, which is a CH, has two main stages. In the first stage, the identification of temporary CHs along with its entropy value is found using the correlative measure of residual and original energy. Along with this, in the clustering algorithm, the rotating epoch and its entropy value must be predicted automatically by its sensor nodes. In the second stage, if any member in the cluster having larger residual energy, shall modify the temporary CHs in the direction of the deciding set. The target of the nodes with large energy has the probability to be CHs which is determined by the above two stages meant for CH selection. The MATLAB is required to simulate the DEEEC Algorithm. The simulated results of the formulated DEEEC Algorithm produce good results with respect to the energy and increased lifetime when it is correlated with the current traditional clustering protocols being used in the Heterogeneous WSNs.

A Survey on Hierarchical Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocols and Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Yugashree Bhadane ◽  
Pooja Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

Now days, wireless technology is one of the center of attention for users and researchers. Wireless network is a network having large number of sensor nodes and hence called as “Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)”. WSN monitors and senses the environment of targeted area. The sensor nodes in WSN transmit data to the base station depending on the application. These sensor nodes communicate with each other and routing is selected on the basis of routing protocols which are application specific. Based on network structure, routing protocols in WSN can be divided into two categories: flat routing, hierarchical or cluster based routing, location based routing. Out of these, hierarchical or cluster based routing is becoming an active branch of routing technology in WSN. To allow base station to receive unaltered or original data, routing protocol should be energy-efficient and secure. To fulfill this, Hierarchical or Cluster base routing protocol for WSN is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols. Hence, in this paper, we present a survey on different hierarchical clustered routing techniques for WSN. We also present the key management schemes to provide security in WSN. Further we study and compare secure hierarchical routing protocols based on various criteria.

Performance Analysis of TBC-ACO Routing Protocol with Existing Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
A. Radhika ◽  
D. Haritha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Congestion Aware

Wireless Sensor Networks, have witnessed significant amount of improvement in research across various areas like Routing, Security, Localization, Deployment and above all Energy Efficiency. Congestion is a problem of  importance in resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for large networks, where the traffic loads exceed the available capacity of the resources . Sensor nodes are prone to failure and the misbehaviour of these faulty nodes creates further congestion. The resulting effect is a degradation in network performance, additional computation and increased energy consumption, which in turn decreases network lifetime. Hence, the data packet routing algorithm should consider congestion as one of the parameters, in addition to the role of the faulty nodes and not merely energy efficient protocols .Nowadays, the main central point of attraction is the concept of Swarm Intelligence based techniques integration in WSN.  Swarm Intelligence based Computational Swarm Intelligence Techniques have improvised WSN in terms of efficiency, Performance, robustness and scalability. The main objective of this research paper is to propose congestion aware , energy efficient, routing approach that utilizes Ant Colony Optimization, in which faulty nodes are isolated by means of the concept of trust further we compare the performance of various existing routing protocols like AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols, ACO Based Routing Protocol  with Trust Based Congestion aware ACO Based Routing in terms of End to End Delay, Packet Delivery Rate, Routing Overhead, Throughput and Energy Efficiency. Simulation based results and data analysis shows that overall TBC-ACO is 150% more efficient in terms of overall performance as compared to other existing routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks.

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