scholarly journals Experimental Implementation of a Low-Cost, Fully-Analog Self-Jamming Canceller for UHF RFID Devices

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Rossi ◽  
Riccardo Liberati ◽  
Marco Frasca ◽  
John Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Rf Receiver ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Modular Technology ◽  
Noise Amplification ◽  
Theoretical Simulations

It is quite common for transceivers to operate with the RF receiver and transmitter working on different time slots. Typical applications are radars and transceivers in the field of communications. Generally, the receiver is turned off when the transmitter broadcasts and vice versa. This is done in order to prevent the transmitter from blinding the receiver or causing the RF low noise amplification (LNA) stage to saturate. When keeping a receiver active, some leakage of RF energy is inevitable, and therefore shielding is applied to mitigate spurious signals. However, there are many applications wherein the receiver cannot be turned off. To address these applications, we investigate the design and performance of a fully-analog self-jamming canceller able to operate in UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID devices. While the traditional cost to design and build this type of topology can be quite high, our proposal is based on a low-cost physical approach. In addition to using common SMT (Surface Mount Technology) devices, we leveraged a new piece of modular technology offered by X-Microwave which allows designers to easily produce RF solutions with a broad portfolio of modular system drop-in blocks. A prototype was realized and the measured results are in close agreement with theoretical simulations. Significant damping of the leaked signal in the receiving channel was realized.

scholarly journals A 79 dBΩ 1.2 GHz Low-Noise Single-Ended CMOS Transimpedance Amplifier for High-Performance OTDR Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Agata Romanova ◽  
Vaidotas Barzdenas
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Transimpedance Amplifier ◽  
Output Buffer ◽  
Noise Current ◽  
Resistive Feedback ◽  
Optical Time ◽  
And Performance

AbstractThe work reports on the design and performance of a low-noise low-cost CMOS transimpedance amplifier (TIA). The proposed circuit shall be employed in optical time-domain reflectometers and is implemented using an affordable 0.18 µm 1.8 V CMOS process. The approach preserves the benefits of a classical feedback structure while addressing the noise problem of conventional feed-forward and resistive feedback architectures via the usage of noise-efficient capacitive feedback. Circuit-level modifications are proposed to mitigate the voltage headroom and DC current issues. The suggested design achieves a total gain of 82 dBΩ (79 dBΩ after the output buffer) within the bandwidth of 1.2 GHz while operating with a total input capacitance of 0.7 pF. The simulated average input-referred noise current density is below 1.8 pA/sqrt(Hz) with the power consumption of the complete amplifier including the output buffer being 21 mW.

scholarly journals Experimental Implementation Of a Low Cost Full Analog Self-Jammer Canceller for UHF RFID Devices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Rossi ◽  
Riccardo Maria Liberati ◽  
Marco Frasca ◽  
John Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Microwave Technology ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
Theoretical Performance

The paper investigates the performance of a full analog self-jammer canceller able to operate in UHF RFID devices. The scheme has been realized using only SMT devices avoiding custom designed components. The paper analyzes the theoretical performance and experimental validation using a modular microwave technology approach.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Receiver menggunakan Antena 1090 MHz dan Low Noise Amplifier untuk Menambah Jarak Jangkau Penerimaan Sinyal dan Data Parameter Target ADS-B berbasis RTL820T2

AVITEC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maulana Sohibi ◽  
Denny Dermawan ◽  
Lasmadi Lasmadi
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Target Range ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
Know How ◽  
Internet Connection ◽  
Noise Amplifier ◽  
Noise Amplification ◽  
Source Of Information

Radar technology at several airports is still using flightradar24 as a source of information, and building an ADS-B station is expensive. However, the flightradar24 has several weaknesses, among which is that if the user wants to display more information, the user is required to pay periodically or subscriptions, and there is delay due to the process of data that requires the Internet connection. With a concept of receiver ads-b based RTL-SDR R820T2, a low cost receiver ads-b with the results can receive an ads-b signal without delay and can receive data from an airplane. But there is a weakness in rtl-b receivers based RTL-SDR R820T2, because it doesn't explain and can't know how far the receiver can receive signals and target parameters data from the aircraft. Thus on this research a receiver ads-b using RTL-SDR R820T2, with a low-noise amplification and an ads-b antenna 1090 MHZ in the hopes of knowing how far the aircraft's target range is from the receiver and knowing how far the receiver's range of data signals the target parameters. By performing some step-by-step testing of the design. The designed receiver ads-b USES low noise amplification with an ads-b antenna 1090 MHZ capable of receiving data and target parameters ads-b for 284 km on adsbSCOP software range and 287.63 km mathematically.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of oriented Co84Cr14Ta2 thin films for longitudinal magnetic recording

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 756-757
Author(s):  
T. P. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
High Coercivity ◽  
Magnetic Alloy ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Transmission Electron

Thin film magnetic media are being used as low cost, high density forms of information storage. The development of this technology requires the study, at the sub-micron level, of morphological, crystallographic, and magnetic properties, throughout the depth of the deposited films. As the microstructure becomes increasingly fine, widi grain sizes approaching 100Å, the unique characterization capabilities of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have become indispensable to the analysis of such thin film magnetic media.Films were deposited at 225°C, on two NiP plated Al substrates, one polished, and one circumferentially textured with a mean roughness of 55Å. Three layers, a 750Å chromium underlayer, a 600Å layer of magnetic alloy of composition Co84Cr14Ta2, and a 300Å amorphous carbon overcoat were then sputter deposited using a dc magnetron system at a power of 1kW, in a chamber evacuated below 10-6 torr and filled to 12μm Ar pressure. The textured medium is presently used in industry owing to its high coercivity, Hc, and relatively low noise. One important feature is that the coercivity in the circumferential read/write direction is significandy higher than that in the radial direction.

Programmable Integrated Photonics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Capmany ◽  
Daniel Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
External Control ◽  
Integrated Photonics ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Application Fields

Programmable Integrated Photonics (PIP) is a new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware configurations, which by suitable programming can implement a variety of functionalities that, in turn, can be exploited as basic operations in many application fields. Programmability enables by means of external control signals both chip reconfiguration for multifunction operation as well as chip stabilization against non-ideal operation due to fluctuations in environmental conditions and fabrication errors. Programming also allows activating parts of the chip, which are not essential for the implementation of a given functionality but can be of help in reducing noise levels through the diversion of undesired reflections. After some years where the Application Specific Photonic Integrated Circuit (ASPIC) paradigm has completely dominated the field of integrated optics, there is an increasing interest in PIP justified by the surge of a number of emerging applications that are and will be calling for true flexibility, reconfigurability as well as low-cost, compact and low-power consuming devices. This book aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to this emergent field covering aspects that range from the basic aspects of technologies and building photonic component blocks to the design alternatives and principles of complex programmable photonics circuits, their limiting factors, techniques for characterization and performance monitoring/control and their salient applications both in the classical as well as in the quantum information fields. The book concentrates and focuses mainly on the distinctive features of programmable photonics as compared to more traditional ASPIC approaches.

scholarly journals Noise and Breakdown Characterization of SPAD Detectors with Time-Gated Photon-Counting Operation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5287
Author(s):  
Hiwa Mahmoudi ◽  
Michael Hofbauer ◽  
Bernhard Goll ◽  
Horst Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Dark Count ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Noise Models

Being ready-to-detect over a certain portion of time makes the time-gated single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) an attractive candidate for low-noise photon-counting applications. A careful SPAD noise and performance characterization, however, is critical to avoid time-consuming experimental optimization and redesign iterations for such applications. Here, we present an extensive empirical study of the breakdown voltage, as well as the dark-count and afterpulsing noise mechanisms for a fully integrated time-gated SPAD detector in 0.35-μm CMOS based on experimental data acquired in a dark condition. An “effective” SPAD breakdown voltage is introduced to enable efficient characterization and modeling of the dark-count and afterpulsing probabilities with respect to the excess bias voltage and the gating duration time. The presented breakdown and noise models will allow for accurate modeling and optimization of SPAD-based detector designs, where the SPAD noise can impose severe trade-offs with speed and sensitivity as is shown via an example.

The Use of Microcomputer Simulations in Undergraduate Neurophysiology Experiments

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Microcomputer System ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Teaching Objectives ◽  
Compound Action Potentials ◽  
Experimental Management ◽  
And Performance

Practical classes in neurophysiology reinforce and complement the theoretical background in a number of ways, including demonstration of concepts, practice in planning and performance of experiments, and the production and maintenance of viable neural preparations. The balance of teaching objectives will depend upon the particular group of students involved. A technique is described which allows the embedding of real compound action potentials from one of the most basic introductory neurophysiology experiments—frog sciatic nerve, into interactive programs for student use. These retain all the elements of the “real experiment” in terms of appearance, presentation, experimental management and measurement by the student. Laboratory reports by the students show that the experiments are carefully and enthusiastically performed and the material is well absorbed. Three groups of student derive most benefit from their use. First, students whose future careers will not involve animal experiments do not spend time developing dissecting skills they will not use, but more time fulfilling the other teaching objectives. Second, relatively inexperienced students, struggling to produce viable neural material and master complicated laboratory equipment, who are often left with little time or motivation to take accurate readings or ponder upon neurophysiological concepts. Third, students in institutions where neurophysiology is taught with difficulty because of the high cost of equipment and lack of specific expertise, may well have access to a low cost general purpose microcomputer system.

scholarly journals Experiments with Neural Networks in the Identification and Control of a Magnetic Levitation System Using a Low-Cost Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2535
Author(s):  
Bruno E. Silva ◽  
Ramiro S. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Neural Controllers ◽  
Levitation System ◽  
Internal Model Controller ◽  
Magnetic Levitation System ◽  
And Performance

In this article, we designed and implemented neural controllers to control a nonlinear and unstable magnetic levitation system composed of an electromagnet and a magnetic disk. The objective was to evaluate the implementation and performance of neural control algorithms in a low-cost hardware. In a first phase, we designed two classical controllers with the objective to provide the training data for the neural controllers. After, we identified several neural models of the levitation system using Nonlinear AutoRegressive eXogenous (NARX)-type neural networks that were used to emulate the forward dynamics of the system. Finally, we designed and implemented three neural control structures: the inverse controller, the internal model controller, and the model reference controller for the control of the levitation system. The neural controllers were tested on a low-cost Arduino control platform through MATLAB/Simulink. The experimental results proved the good performance of the neural controllers.

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