scholarly journals Use of Hydrogen in Off-Grid Locations, a Techno-Economic Assessment

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorién Gracia ◽  
Pedro Casero ◽  
Cyril Bourasseau ◽  
Alexandre Chabert
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Grid Solution ◽  
The Impact

Diesel generators are currently used as an off-grid solution for backup power, but this causes CO2 and GHG emissions, noise emissions, and the negative effects of the volatile diesel market influencing operating costs. Green hydrogen production, by means of water electrolysis, has been proposed as a feasible solution to fill the gaps between demand and production, the main handicaps of using exclusively renewable energy in isolated applications. This manuscript presents a business case of an off-grid hydrogen production by electrolysis applied to the electrification of isolated sites. This study is part of the European Ely4off project (n° 700359). Under certain techno-economic hypothesis, four different system configurations supplied exclusively by photovoltaic are compared to find the optimal Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCoE): photovoltaic-batteries, photovoltaic-hydrogen-batteries, photovoltaic-diesel generator, and diesel generator; the influence of the location and the impact of different consumptions profiles is explored. Several simulations developed through specific modeling software are carried out and discussed. The main finding is that diesel-based systems still allow lower costs than any other solution, although hydrogen-based solutions can compete with other technologies under certain conditions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Training Systems on Productivity and GHG Emissions from Grapevines in the Sughd Region in Northern Tajikistan

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Maciej Chowaniak ◽  
Naim Rashidov ◽  
Marcin Niemiec ◽  
Florian Gambuś ◽  
Andrzej Lepiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Training System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Northern Tajikistan creates favorable conditions for growing grapes due to its climate. The choice of method of grape production to ensure a high-quality yield, while reducing the negative effects of such production on the environment, poses a serious challenge to implementation regarding the principles of sustainable production. In addition to the essential techniques associated with grapevine production, such as irrigation, fertilization, and plant protection, a training system plays a significant role. The objective of this research was to evaluate the environmental efficiency of vineyard training systems in northern Tajikistan. The indicators accepted for the evaluation process were the vegetative growth of plants, yield, and environmental pressure of production expressed by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The single-factor experiment was conducted in Ghafurov District, and the following training systems were used: (A) multi-arm fan; (B) Umbrella Kniffin; (C) one-side multi-arm, paired planting. Growth parameters, yield, yield quality, and GHG emissions were evaluated. The cultivation of grapes in training system “C” resulted in higher values of parameters such as Practical Bud Fertility coefficient and fruiting shoots pcs and higher yields. The training systems were ranked according to GHG emissions per yield unit in the following order, from lower to higher emissions: C < B < A.

Carbon Footprint Analysis of an Educational Institution

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
P.M. Sivaram ◽  
N. Gowdhaman ◽  
D.Y. Ebin Davis ◽  
M. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Corporate Carbon Footprint ◽  
The Impact

Global warming and climate change are the foremost environmental challenges facing the world today. It is our responsibility to minimize the consumption of energy and hence reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. Companies choose ‘Carbon Footprint’ as a tool to calculate the greenhouse gas emission to show the impact of their activities on the environment. In this working paper, we assess the carbon foot print of an educational institution and suggest suitable measures for reducing it. Greenhouse gas emitting protocol for an academic institution in terms of tones of equivalent CO2 per year is projected using three basic steps includes planning (assessment of data’s), calculation and estimation of CO2 emitted. The estimation of carbon foot print is calculated by accounting direct emission from sources owned/controlled by the educational institution and from indirect emission i.e. purchased electricity, electricity produced by diesel Generator (DG), transport, cooking (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) and other outsourced distribution. The CO2 absorbed by trees are also accounted. Some of the options are identified in order to reduce CO2 level. The information of corporate carbon footprint helps us identifying the Green House Gases (GHG) emission “hot spots” and identifies where the greatest capacity exists in order to reduce the GHG emissions. The main prioritization goes to transport and then followed by DG, cooking and then electricity. The per capita CO2 emission and the total CO2 emission for a typical educational institution are estimated.

scholarly journals Development of an Assessment Method for Evaluation of Sustainable Factories

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrouz Pirouz ◽  
Natale Arcuri ◽  
Behzad Pirouz ◽  
Stefania Anna Palermo ◽  
Michele Turco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pairwise Comparison Matrix ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
The Impact

The role of the industrial sector in total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and resource consumption is well-known, and many industrial activities may have a negative environmental impact. The solution to decreasing the negative effects cannot be effective without the consideration of sustainable development. There are several methods for sustainability evaluation, such as tools based on products, processes, or plants besides supply chain or life cycle analysis, and there are different rating systems suggesting 80, 140, or more indicators for assessment. The critical point is the limits such as required techniques and budget in using all indicators for all factories in the beginning. Moreover, the weight of each indicator might change based on the selected alternative that it is not a fixed value and could change in a new case study. In this regard, to determine the impact and weight of different indicators in sustainable factories, a multi-layer Triangular Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (TFAHP) approach was developed, and the application of the method was described and verified. The defined layers are six; for each layer, the pairwise comparison matrix was developed, and the total aggregated score concerning the sustainability goal for each alternative was calculated that shows the Relative Importance Coefficient (RIC). The method is formulated in a way that allows adding the new indicators in all layers as the verification shows, and thus, there are no limits for using any green rating systems. Therefore, the presented approach by TFAHP would provide an additional tool toward the sustainable development of factories.

scholarly journals Accuracy Performance Of E-Loran Receivers Under Cross-Rate Interference Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Šafář ◽  
Paul Williams ◽  
František Vejražka
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Accuracy Performance

Abstract According to a recent Business Case produced by the General Lighthouse Authorities of the United Kingdom and Ireland (GLAs), e-Loran is the only system that, when combined with GNSS, can achieve cost effective resilient Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) by 2018 for maritime e-Navigation. The GLAs currently operate a trial e-Loran service from Harwich, UK and are working towards establishing e-Loran Initial Operational Capability (IOC) in the seven busiest UK ports and port approaches by mid-2013. A future extension of e-Loran coverage to the entire GLA service area will require the installation of additional transmitting stations. When planning the installation of e-Loran transmitters service providers will need a good understanding of the effects of the new signals on the system’s performance. Since all e-Loran stations share the same frequency band and the e-Loran signals propagate over vast distances, special attention needs to be paid to the issue of intra-system interference. This is also referred to as Cross-Rate Interference (CRI) and is inherent to the way e-Loran operates. In this paper we examine the impact of CRI on the position accuracy performance of e-Loran receivers. First, a signal processing model for a typical e-Loran receiver is developed. This could provide the e-Loran community with a unified framework for receiver performance evaluation. Numerical and, where possible, analytical results obtained from the model are then presented, describing the achievable accuracy performance under different interference conditions. The theoretical results are also compared to those obtained from measurements made on a commercially available receiver driven by a signal simulator. Our analysis shows that modern e-Loran signal processing algorithms can achieve a substantial reduction of the negative effects of CRI. However, there is still an appreciable residual effect, which should be taken into account when designing future e-Loran networks and determining their coverage and performance

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of a Grid-Independent Hybrid Power Plant for Co-Supplying a Remote Micro-Community with Electricity and Hydrogen

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1375
Author(s):  
Tian Xia ◽  
Mostafa Rezaei ◽  
Udaya Dampage ◽  
Sulaiman Ali Alharbi ◽  
Omaima Nasif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Sensitivity Assessment ◽  
Hydrokinetic Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the techno-economic feasibility of an off-grid integrated solar/wind/hydrokinetic plant to co-generate electricity and hydrogen for a remote micro-community. In addition to the techno-economic viability assessment of the proposed system via HOMER (hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources), a sensitivity analysis is conducted to ascertain the impact of ±10% fluctuations in wind speed, solar radiation, temperature, and water velocity on annual electric production, unmet electricity load, LCOE (levelized cost of electricity), and NPC (net present cost). For this, a far-off village with 15 households is selected as the case study. The results reveal that the NPC, LCOE, and LCOH (levelized cost of hydrogen) of the system are equal to $333,074, 0.1155 $/kWh, and 4.59 $/kg, respectively. Technical analysis indicates that the PV system with the rated capacity of 40 kW accounts for 43.7% of total electricity generation. This portion for the wind turbine and the hydrokinetic turbine with nominal capacities of 10 kW and 20 kW equates to 23.6% and 32.6%, respectively. Finally, the results of sensitivity assessment show that among the four variables only a +10% fluctuation in water velocity causes a 20% decline in NPC and LCOE.

scholarly journals The impact of the gender composition of company boards on firm performance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora-Maria Soare ◽  
Céline Detilleux ◽  
Nick Deschacht
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender Quota ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe authors estimate the effect of the gender composition of company boards on firm performance by exploiting variation in the percentage of women after the implementation of a 2011 Belgian policy reform, which introduced a gender quota for listed companies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze the evolution of firm performance between companies that were subjected to the quota law and compare it with the performance of similar firms that were not subjected to the law. This difference-in-difference (DiD) approach allows the authors to avoid the potential bias resulting from unobserved firm characteristics.FindingsThe authors find that the quota policy resulted in the replacement of about one male director by a female one in the average firm between 2010 and 2017. However, this increase in diversity appears to have negatively affected some firm performance indicators. The authors find statistically significant negative effects for 10 out of the 23 financial indicators included in this study, while the other 13 indicators showed no significant effect.Originality/valueThe originality of this research lies in both the methodology and the findings. The policy reform that the authors study can be regarded as a natural experiment so that the DiD method provides estimates of the causal effect of the gender composition of company boards on firm performance. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that presents causal evidence of negative effects of gender quota on organizational performance. These results cast doubts on the business case argument for gender quota and show that results from correlational studies are likely to be biased upward.

scholarly journals Sustainable Ammonia Production Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedehhoma Ghavam ◽  
Maria Vahdati ◽  
I. A. Grant Wilson ◽  
Peter Styring
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Ammonia Synthesis ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Production Processes

Due to the important role of ammonia as a fertilizer in the agricultural industry and its promising prospects as an energy carrier, many studies have recently attempted to find the most environmentally benign, energy efficient, and economically viable production process for ammonia synthesis. The most commonly utilized ammonia production method is the Haber-Bosch process. The downside to this technology is the high greenhouse gas emissions, surpassing 2.16 kgCO2-eq/kg NH3 and high amounts of energy usage of over 30 GJ/tonne NH3 mainly due to the strict operational conditions at high temperature and pressure. The most widely adopted technology for sustainable hydrogen production used for ammonia synthesis is water electrolysis coupled with renewable technologies such as wind and solar. In general, a water electrolyzer requires a continuous supply of pretreated water with high purity levels for its operation. Moreover, for production of 1 tonne of hydrogen, 9 tonnes of water is required. Based on this data, for the production of the same amount of ammonia through water electrolysis, 233.6 million tonnes/yr of water is required. In this paper, a critical review of different sustainable hydrogen production processes and emerging technologies for sustainable ammonia synthesis along with a comparative life cycle assessment of various ammonia production methods has been carried out. We find that through the review of each of the studied technologies, either large amounts of GHG emissions are produced or high volumes of pretreated water is required or a combination of both these factors occur.

The More Control, the Better?

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeyun Oh ◽  
Mun-Young Chung ◽  
Sangyong Han
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Design ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Story Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High User ◽  
User Control ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Despite of the popularity of interactive movie trailers, rigorous research on one of the most apparent features of these interfaces – the level of user control – has been scarce. This study explored the effects of user control on users’ immersion and enjoyment of the movie trailers, moderated by the content type. We conducted a 2 (high user control versus low user control) × 2 (drama film trailer versus documentary film trailer) mixed-design factorial experiment. The results showed that the level of user control over movie trailer interfaces decreased users’ immersion when the trailer had an element of traditional story structure, such as a drama film trailer. Participants in the high user control condition answered that they were less fascinated with, absorbed in, focused on, mentally involved with, and emotionally affected by the movie trailer than participants in the low user control condition only with the drama movie trailer. The negative effects of user control on the level of immersion for the drama trailer translated into users’ enjoyment. The impact of user control over interfaces on immersion and enjoyment varies depending on the nature of the media content, which suggests a possible trade-off between the level of user control and entertainment outcomes.

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