scholarly journals Significance and Challenges of Biomass as a Suitable Feedstock for Bioenergy and Biochemical Production: A Review

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ahorsu ◽  
Francesc Medina ◽  
Magda Constantí
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Biochemical Production ◽  
Source Materials

Fossil fuels have been a major contributor to greenhouse gases, the amounts of which could be reduced if biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel were used for transportation. One of the most promising biofuels is ethyl alcohol. In 2015, the world production of ethanol was 25.6 billion gallons and the USA, Brazil, China, the European Union, and 28 other countries have set targets for blending ethanol with gasoline. The two major bio-source materials used for ethanol production are corn and sugarcane. For 1st generation biofuels, sugarcane and corn feedstocks are not able to fulfill the current demand for alcohol. Non-edible lignocellulosic biomass is an alternative bio-source for creating 2nd generation biofuels and algae biomass for 3rd and 4th generation biofuels. This review discusses the significance of biomass for the different generations of biofuels, and biochemical and thermochemical processes, and the significance of biorefinery products.

9/11 and Armageddon: the Christian Right and George W. Bush

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Göran Gunner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Christian Right ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Mega Church ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Jerry Falwell ◽  
High Degree

Authors from the Christian Right in the USA situate the September 11 attack on New York and Washington within God's intentions to bring America into the divine schedule for the end of the world. This is true of Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, and other leading figures in the ‘Christian Coalition’. This article analyses how Christian fundamentalists assess the roles of the USA, the State of Israel, Islam, Iraq, the European Union and Russia within what they perceive to be the divine plan for the future of the world, especially against the background of ‘9/11’. It argues that the ideas of the Christian Right and of President George W. Bush coalesce to a high degree. Whereas before 9/11 many American mega-church preachers had aspirations to direct political life, after the events of that day the President assumes some of the roles of a mega-religious leader.

scholarly journals Cooperation and Coopetition as a Tools Which Could Improve Leading Startups all over the World

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Aneta Ejsmont
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Good News ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Foreign Sale ◽  
The Moment

Building own business is a long-term and laborious process. A person who leads a startup tries to start with building own business by taking first steps toward financial independence. Analyzing conditions in Poland, on average every second startup sells its services abroad, admittedly it is good news, although half of them do not export at all. Half of the startups which export their services and goods generates more than 50% of their revenues outside Poland. Very interesting is the fact that 60% of exporters have conducted their foreign sale since the moment of establishing their business. On which markets do they sell their services? It turns out that the most popular are markets in the European Union (54%), including the United Kingdom 14% and Germany 9%. Only about 25% of Polish startups exports their products and services to the United States. Taking the United States into consideration, in 2008 the USA lost their leading position in the number of startups which are newly created and achieving success in business. Currently in terms of the number of new startups the USA is on a quite distant place after Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Hungary, New Zealand, Israel or Italy. In short, more companies were closed than created, so it was, as a matter of fact, like in Poland. Therefore, the condition to improve the development of startups both from Poland and other countries all the world is to increase cooperation and coopetition.

scholarly journals National Blockchain Laws as a Threat to Capital Markets Integration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
International Institute ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
International Trade Law ◽  
Commercial Code ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Various states have started providing private law frameworks for blockchain transfers and crypto assets. France and Liechtenstein have adopted the first acts, while a commission of the British government sees no difficulties in extending property protection under the common law to crypto assets. In the USA, an amendment to the Uniform Commercial Code has been suggested, which has not stopped some states going their own, different way. The aim in all cases is to promote the use of modern distributed ledger technology and enhance investor protection. While these initiatives will increase legal certainty, they differ significantly. This has an important downside: there is a strong risk that the blockchain will be made subject to diverging legal rules. Similar to the world of intermediated securities, various national laws will need to be consulted to determine the rights and privileges of investors. This may increase transaction costs, thwart interoperability, and produce thorny conflict-of-laws problems. Markets risk being fragmented into national segments, with an inevitable diminution of their depth and liquidity. As a remedy, this article suggests developing uniform rules for the blockchain. Before national legislators and judges once again divide the world through idiosyncratic rules, the private law of crypto assets should be harmonized to the highest degree possible. Uniform rules should ideally be forged at the global level, by fora like the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), and the Hague Conference on Private International Law. In the absence of worldwide rules, uniformization of private law should take place at the regional level—for instance, by the European Union. The article makes specific suggestions as to how this can be achieved and what the content of those rules should be.

European Union in Counter-Crisis Competition of Power Centers: Potential, Realities, Hopes

2013 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
K. Voronov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Evolutionary Robustness ◽  
Power Centers ◽  
Macroeconomic Growth ◽  
The Eu

Despite the crisis, the economy of the European Union remains to be the largest in the world. The economic mechanism of the EU is rather differentiated. It has a great historical experience and possesses sufficient evolutionary robustness. Currently, the former relationships between the EU and the USA undergo substantial changes and new forms emerge. For both of them the greatest challenge is presented by China which in recent decades shows the solid rates of GDP growth. Supposedly, Chines economy will become the world largest on in the new future. Under such conditions the Old World has to conduct a persistent search for new sources of its successful macroeconomic growth.

Novum Drone Review- How Does it Work, Price, Scam or Legit? v1

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novum Drone
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Way

This is why the Novum Drone could be improved, with relative resistance and very little autonomy. Speaking of the battery, it is this which ensures a greater or lesser autonomy. It has now been two good years that Novum Droneare among the most sold electronic objects in the USA but also throughout the world. They meet this need to be able to take the place of the bird and to be able to discover new places. Using this device it really feels like you are in the air and entering a new world. It is also an object that attracts the curiosity of people who see it flying. You will thus be able to fly over houses, explore places inaccessible on foot, in short have new sensations. So how does it work? Well, you have to know several things. First of all, it's an object that flies through four propellers. This is why the drone is also called a quadcopter which literally means four propellers. Note that some models may have more propellers. To make these propellers work, you need a motor and it needs to be powerful enough to allow the whole drone to fly. This motor is powered by a battery which provides energy to the assembly. Consideration should also be given to the materials used to build the drone. Solid materials must be used so that the machine can withstand wind, rain and shocks. However, the drone must not be too heavy at the risk of not being able to fly. Elevation is actually the same setting as range, because it is cumulative with horizontal distance. So, when you choose a drone, you need to know if you plan to fly it high up or especially horizontally, that is to say over a length. Note that some Novum Droneare dedicated to drone racing, which are more and more popular. More and more professionals are using drones. And this is particularly the case in the audiovisual world. Whether it is for capturing film shots, making reports and more, a drone is very practical. If you try to go too high, you may lose your drone's signal and have some issues. The speed of the drone is expressed in km / h as for a car or any other vehicle. Welcome to Novum Drone this website will allow you to know everything about the drone. There you will find a buying guide, reviews and tests. But also advice on how to use your drone properly. SPACILITY LIGHTWEIGHT, FREE FLYING PACK: At less than 249g, it weighs as much as an apple and fits in the palm of your hand. Compact and practical, Novum Drone is your perfect travel companion, transforming the way you capture your favorite memories. Read for more info visit official website click here :- https://ipsnews.net/business/2021/12/04/novum-drone-reviews-performance-features-price-scam/ https://paper.li/Novum-Drone https://acrochat.com/read-blog/81907 https://coldnetwork.net/threads/novum-drone-reviews.56428/ https://sites.google.com/view/novum-drone/home https://writeupcafe.com/novum-drone-review-how-does-it-work-price-scam-or-legit/ https://bigkis.com/read-blog/38605

scholarly journals Implementation of International Legal Provisions on Preventing Corruption in the Russian Federation and Abroad

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
V A Jilkin
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article presents issues of the fight against corruption and analysis of anti-corruption processes in Russia, Finland, Israel, Great Britain and the USA. Issues of international cooperation in the anti-corruption sphere have already been considered by the United Nations, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organisation, the Organisation of American States, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and the European Union. The fight against corruption in the Russian Federation is one of the key areas of consolidation of the statehood and it is being performed step by step through improvement of the legislation, activities of law enforcement, regulatory and public authorities of all levels as well as cultivation of civil intolerance to any manifestation of this social blemish. Russia is actively engaged in international dialogue on a wide range of issues for preventing corruption within the scope of coordination activities and international cooperation in different areas, including issues of anti-corruption in the sphere of sports, ecology and education. Cooperation with relevant international authorities and international organizations is one of the priorities of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation. Given that the Russian anti-corruption system is based on the national legal culture in the context of historical, social and economic development and specific social needs and interests, the author emphasizes that anti-corruption cooperation shall be based on respect for national legal systems and compliance with the international law under coordination of the UN. Legislative proposals on the need for introducing grounds for application on recovery of property, owned by corrupt officials and registered under a third party’s name, to the public revenue and increasing the terms of imprisonment for bribery, which shall be prepared for further improvement of the anti-corruption law.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOFUELS WITH A FEEDSTOCK FUEL COMPLEX.

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (391) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
N.B. Shamuratova ◽  
Y.S. Baitilenova ◽  
A.N. Narenova ◽  
Zh.A. Nazikova ◽  
A.A. Kamerova
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Biofuels are viewed as a possible fuel of the future. Concerning energy for cars there is intense “competition” stemming from electricity and rising in popularity due to modern research is also hydrogen. In general, biofuels are nowadays strongly supported in the European Union as well as in the United States of America and many other regions of the world. Active management in the oil and gas industry needs to take in account knowledge not only about fossil fuels but also various types of alternative fuels like biofuels. This thesis goal is to analyze the economics of producing Bio-Crude oil from a plant called Jatrophae curcadis, (or also known as “purging nut”). It is nowadays growing around subtropical regions of the North American continent, especially in Mexico, and southern Asia, and with lower yield can grow even in arid wastelands of Central Asia (in arid Mali it is grown to hold wildlife from plants). It is the very undemanding plant so the biofuel produced from it can be very cheap compared to other biofuels. The oil produced from this plant is not being traded on commodities markets yet but is viewed as biofuel of the future as currently sold soybean oil and palm oil are according to my analysis more expensive in many areas of the world. Production of the plant seeds (nuts) when pressed leads to bio-crude oil which can be processed to biocrude. Economic analysis showed that given irrigation and good genetic selection of the plants to give higher production of seeds (price of the kg would be determining factor), the biocrude produced from the seeds has the potential to successfully compete with alternative fuels made from soybean or palm oils.

Growth and Competitiveness

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
André Sapir
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Market ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

After two prosperous decades, the European Union suffered a serious setback in the late 1970s and early 1980s, with sluggish growth and weak competitiveness in high-tech sectors compared to the USA and Japan. The creation of the single European market in 1993 was a major boost to growth and competitiveness in Europe. Yet, today, even abstracting from the coronavirus crisis, the European Union again faces some economic troubles. Growth has been subdued for a while and the EU is suffering yet again from weak competitiveness in high-tech sectors compared to the USA and to China, which has replaced Japan as the main Asian powerhouse. At the same time, however, the geopolitical situation has changed dramatically. In the earlier days, the world was divided between East and West, and all three main economic powers, the EU, Japan, and the USA, were in the same political camp. Their rivalry was therefore purely economic. Today, there are political dividing lines between the three main economic powers. The EU’s competitiveness problem vis-à-vis China and the USA in some key technologies is therefore not just economic but also geopolitical. Yet, the European Union remains largely an economic entity, though it has started to think and even to act geopolitically. The obvious question is whether Europe will be able to repeat its achievement of nearly 30 years ago and come up with a new design that will boost its growth and competitiveness in this new geopolitical era, or whether this quest will prove elusory.

scholarly journals The World Trade Organization's Report on the EU's Moratorium on Biotech Products: The Wisdom of the US Challenge to the EU in the WTO

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lieberman ◽  
Tim Gray
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gm Food ◽  
Cartagena Protocol On Biosafety ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cartagena Protocol ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Biotech Products ◽  
The Eu

The World Trade Organization (WTO) recently ruled on the case brought by the US, Canada and Argentina against the moratorium imposed by the European Union (EU) on imports of genetically-modified (GM) food and crops. Although the WTO's ruling has been greeted by the complainant countries as a victory, it found in their favor on only one narrow technical procedural issue, and it rejected more substantive challenges to the EU moratorium. In this article, we analyze the WTO report and explain the issues at stake, focusing particularly on the question of why the USA chose the WTO as the forum for its challenge to the EU moratorium, and whether it was wise to do so. Has the USA achieved its aims through the trade-specific WTO, or should it have taken its challenge to the more hostile, but environment-specific forum of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety? Alternatively, should the USA have refrained from mounting an official international challenge at all?

scholarly journals KAJIAN DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN UNITED STATES GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCE (US-GSP) 2015 TERHADAP EKSPOR PRODUK PERIKANAN INDONESIA KE USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Rikrik Rahadian ◽  
Tajerin Tajerin ◽  
Zahri Nasution
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Generalized System ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Developed Countries

Sejak pertamakali diperkenalkan pada tahun 1970-an, Generalized System of Preference (GSP) telah diterapkan oleh negara-negara maju seperti United States of America (USA), Jepang dan European Union (EU). Meskipun bertujuan serupa, yaitu mendorong serta memfasilitasi perdagangan bagi negara-negara berkembang, namun pada penerapannya di masing-masing negara terdapat perbedaan pengaturan GSP – terutama terkait perihal daftar beneficiaries serta produk yang memperoleh fasilitas GSP. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kebijakan US-GSP 2015 serta menganalisis besaran dampak kebijakan tersebut terhadap ekspor produk Kelautan dan Perikanan (KP) Indonesia di pasar ekspor USA. Untuk memperoleh informasi tersebut, maka dipergunakan model SMART yang dikembangkan oleh World Integrated Trade Solutions (WITS) untuk mengolah data perdagangan di USA pada tahun 2014, yang diperoleh dari database TRAIN-UNCTAD. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa rejim terkini GSP di USA (2015), jika dimanfaatkan, akan dapat mendorong peningkatan ekspor produk perikanan Indonesia ke USA, terutama untuk komoditas olahan. Ever since it was introduced in the 70’s, the Generalized System of Preference (GSP) has been adopted and implemented by the developed countries such as United States of America (USA), Japan and the European Union (EU). Despite its similar purpose, which is to encourage as well as facilitate trade for the developing countries, its implementations in each adopting country have been very customized – especially concerning the beneficiary list and GSP product list. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of US-GSP 2015 implementation towards Indonesian Fisheries Export to the USA. The research was conducted using a SMART model – an economic model developed by the World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) – to simulate the impacts of the trade policy using the TRAIN-UNCTAD database. The simulation showed that the latest US-GSP regime, if completely utilized by the Indonesian Exporters, could actually boost Indonesian Fisheries Exports to the USA, especially for the fish processing products. 

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