scholarly journals Adsorption Capacity of Organic Compounds Using Activated Carbons in Zinc Electrowinning

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Park ◽  
Eun Ju Kim ◽  
Mi-Jung Park ◽  
Eun Sil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Zinc Electrowinning ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Zinc Recovery ◽  
Liquid Pump

The influence of adsorbate (D2EPHA and kerosene) on the process of zinc electrowinning from sulfuric acid electrolytes was analyzed. The main objective was to critically compare three factors: (1) Three types of activated carbon (AC); (2) adsorption temperatures and contact time; and (3) zinc recovery efficiency. The results showed that organic components reduced the efficiency of zinc recovery. Moreover, wood-based ACs had a higher adsorption capacity than coal- and coconut-based ACs. To maintain a removal efficiency of 99% or more, wood-based ACs should constitute at least 60% of the adsorbate. The temperature of adsorption did not affect the removal efficiency. Additionally, the feeding rate of adsorbate in the solvent was inversely proportional to the removal efficiency. A feeding rate of the liquid pump of over 3 mL/min rapidly increased the delta pressure. For the same contact time, 99% of adsorbate removal occurred at 1 mL/min compared to approximately 97% at 0.5 mL/min. In the presence of 100 mg/L zinc, with increasing adsorbate from 0–5%, the recovery efficiency of zinc decreased from 100% to 0% and the energy consumption increased from 0.0017–0.003 kwh/kg zinc. Considering the energy consumption and zinc deposit mass, 0.1% of the adsorbate is recommended for zinc electrowinning.

Comparative Study of Phenol Adsorption from Aqueous Solution onto Four Kinds of Absorbents

2014 ◽  
Vol 1056 ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Wei Fang Dong ◽  
Li Hua Zang ◽  
Xin Pang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Nay Zeolite ◽  
Phenol Adsorption

The absorbents including MnO2, fly ash, NaY zeolite and activated carbon powder were used to study the adsorption capacity of phenol. The effect of contact time and dosage of absorbents on the removal efficiency were investigated. The experimental results suggested that activated carbon powder is most effective absorbent, following as fly ash, MnO2 and NaY zeolite which the removal efficiency could reached 98.41%,77.65%, 60.19% and 24.13% at 90min respectively. The data indicated that the activated carbon powder was favorable for adsorption while NaY zeolite was unfit for absorbent of phenol from aqueous solution due to lower removal.

Lead Retention on an Active Carbon Prepared from Date Kernels (Daglet Nour)

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Nora Seghairi ◽  
Fateh Barbari ◽  
Karim Mihoub
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Adsorption Capacity

Metals occur naturally in rocks, water, air and soil and are also produced by human activities, including industrial and mining activities. For the most part, these heavy metals are hardly biodegradable, they are recognized, toxic or harmful to humans and animals. The use of activated carbon has remained for a long time and to this day the most effective adsorbent due to its high adsorption capacity mainly associated to its large specific surface. But this process is very expensive.This has therefore encouraged research by orienting them towards treatment processes using less costly and widely available natural materials. The objective of our study was to develop a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly sorption depollution technique on available and inexpensive media. We have studied the adsorption of lead on activated carbons prepared from date kernels. Batch tests were carried out with synthetic lead solution in order to study different operating parameters such as the effect of contact time, pH, initial lead concentration and adsorbent dosage. The results obtained showed that the adsorption capacity of the lead ions increase with increase in time until a saturation plateau was reached. The equilibrium was reached after a time close to 120 min and a plateau was observed from 120 to 180 min. The adsorption of lead on this adsorbent obeys the laws of Freundlich and Langmuir with a maximum capacity of 16.613 mg / g. Finally, we think that the results obtained during this study at the laboratory scale, confirm the interest practical and economical use of these two materials in the field of water treatment.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Fluoride Ion onto Zirconyl-Impregnated Activated Carbon Prepared from Lapsi Seed Stone

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahira Joshi ◽  
Mandira Adhikari ◽  
Raja Ram Pradhananga
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Fluoride Adsorption

The potentials of activated carbon derived from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaries) seed stone after impregnation with zirconium for adsorptive removal of fluoride is presented. Activated carbons from Lapsi seed stone were prepared by three different techniques. Firstly by directly burning in limited supply of air, secondly by treating with a mixture of conc. H2SO4 and HNO3 (in the ratio of 1:1 by weight) and thirdly by activation with zinc chloride (in the ratio of 1:1 by weight) followed by carbonization at 400°C and 500°C under nitrogen atmosphere. Thus prepared carbons were impregnated with zirconyl oxychloride and effects of pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time and adsorbate concentration for the removal of fluoride were evaluated by batch mode. The optimum pH for adsorption of fluoride was observed at pH 3-4, and a minimum contact time for the maximum defluoridation was found to be 180 min. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to describe adsorption equilibrium. Zirconium impregnation increased the fluoride adsorption capacity of carbon to considerable extent. Among carbon prepared by three different techniques, the carbon prepared from zinc chloride activation followed by carbonization showed relatively higher fluoride adsorption capacity. From the experiment it is concluded that activated carbon prepared from Lapsi seed is an efficient, low-cost alternative to commercial activated carbon for defluoridation of water.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v30i0.9330Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 30, 2012 Page:  13-23 Uploaded date: 12/16/2013    

scholarly journals Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from One- and Two-Component Solutions via Adsorption on N-Doped Activated Carbon

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7045
Author(s):  
Justyna Kazmierczak-Razna ◽  
Anetta Zioła-Frankowska ◽  
Piotr Nowicki ◽  
Marcin Frankowski ◽  
Robert Wolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Phase Contact ◽  
Phase Contact Time

This paper deals with the adsorption of heavy metal ions (Cu2+ and Zn2+) on the carbonaceous materials obtained by chemical activation and ammoxidation of Polish brown coal. The effects of phase contact time, initial metal ion concentration, solution pH, and temperature, as well as the presence of competitive ions in solution, on the adsorption capacity of activated carbons were examined. It has been shown that the sample modified by introduction of nitrogen functional groups into carbon structure exhibits a greater ability to uptake heavy metals than unmodified activated carbon. It has also been found that the adsorption capacity increases with the increasing initial concentration of the solution and the phase contact time. The maximum adsorption was found at pH = 8.0 for Cu(II) and pH = 6.0 for Zn(II). For all samples, better fit to the experimental data was obtained with a Langmuir isotherm than a Freundlich one. A better fit of the kinetic data was achieved using the pseudo-second order model.

scholarly journals Removal of metoprolol from aqueous solutions by the activated carbon prepared from pine cones

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariush Naghipour ◽  
Abdoliman Amouei ◽  
Kamran Taher Ghasemi ◽  
Kamran Taghavi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Adsorbent Dose

Background: Metoprolol (MTP) with its low biodegradability is one of the most dominant micropollutant in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of metoprolol from aqueous solutions by the activated carbon prepared from pine cones. Methods: The pine cones were activated using thermal activation method. Characteristics of the adsorbent were determined using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, the influent of different parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentrations of metoprolol, adsorbent dose, temperature, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics were investigated. Results: The maximum removal efficiency of MTP (89.2%) was obtained at pH=8.5, adsorbent dose=1.5 g, contact time=60 min, and initial concentration=50 mg/L. By increasing the adsorbent dose, the removal efficiency also increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased, however, by increasing the initial concentration, the removal efficiency decreased, but the adsorption capacity increased. The isotherm experimental data for metoprolol was best fitted using the Langmuir model, and kinetic data were better described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption of MTP by the adsorbent was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. Conclusion: MTP removal by the activated carbon prepared from pine cones showed that this natural adsorbent is appropriate for removal of metoprolol from aqueous solutions regarding cost, efficiency, and production method.

scholarly journals Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as an adsorbent in copper removal from aqueous solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 1195 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
N A Khalil ◽  
N S Abdullah ◽  
A S A Rahman ◽  
H A Hamid ◽  
A N S Fizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract Many studies have been done on the natural adsorbent, natural/raw cellulose, modified cellulose and modified MCC as media for removing copper. However, the usage of unmodified microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as an adsorbent to remove heavy metals contaminants such as copper from an aqueous solution is scarcely being explored. Thus, the current study was done to assess the performance of the MCC, without any modification, based on the adsorption capacity and the Cu removal efficiency under varied process parameters. The MCC was successfully used for Cu2+ or Cu (II) removal at pH < pH6. The adsorption parameters such as pH (1 to 6), contact time (0.5 to 24 hours), temperature (25 to 70 °C), initial Cu concentrations (1 to 5 mg/L) and MCC dosage (0.05 to 0.5 g) were significantly influenced the adsorption performance of the MCC. This study indicated the adsorption process occurred at pH ranging from pH 2.8 to 6 with 3 to 24 hours of duration were required to achieve the equilibrium condition. Lower temperature ranges (25 to 30 °C) were more favourable for adsorption than higher temperature ranges (40 to 70 °C). The increase in initial Cu concentration enhanced the adsorption capacity of MCC but decreased Cu removal. On the other hand, the increase in the MCC dosage resulted in the decreased adsorption capacity, however, increased Cu removal. MCC dosage of 0.225 g managed to remove Cu (II) with 95% efficiency at the initial Cu concentration of 1 mg/L, pH 5 and temperature 25 °C within 24 hours of contact time with 0.18 mg/g of adsorption capacity. Overall, high Cu removal efficiency (up to 95%) was achieved by the MCC which render its usage as adsorbent.

scholarly journals Adsorption of High Chromium Concentrations from Industrial Wastewater Using Different Agricultural Residuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-138
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Chromium Concentration ◽  
Isotherm Model ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) is a toxic material used in many industries such as tanneries and electroplating industries. Most of the previous researches studied the removal of chromium at lower concentrations up to 600 mg/L but did not tackle the behavior at higher concentrations, which resemble the real concentration of studied tanneries effluents. The present research is a comparative study of different agricultural low cost adsorbents in the removal of high Chromium concentration from industrial wastewater up to 1000 mg/L, compared to a commercial activated carbon. The tested adsorbents are (Banana Waste (BW), Sawdust (SD), Phragmites Australis (PA), Sugarcane Bagasse (SCB), Pea pod peels (PPP) and Rice straw (RS)). The materials were chemically pretreated with acid-alkali except BW was treated with acid only, to improve adsorbent metal binding capacity. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial Chromium concentration and temperature on the removal efficiency of Chromium from wastewater. The experiments were conducted in two sets, one for lower concentration (25-50-100-200-400) mg/L and the other for higher concentration (600-800-1000) to simulate the concentration of Chromium in tannery industry effluents. At 1000 mg/L initial concentration, BW achieved the optimum removal efficiency of 73.28% at pH = 3, adsorbent dosage = 25 g/L and contact time of 3 hours with the adsorption capacity was 39 mg/g. For SD at pH=2, 3 hours contact time, 10 g/L dosage, and 30oC the removal ratio was 64.83% and the adsorption capacity was 86.30 mg/g. The equilibrium data for various agricultural adsorbents was being tested with various adsorption isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin. At low concentrations, AC, BW, PA and SCB follows Freundlich isotherm model while SD follows Langmuir isotherm model. At higher concentrations, BW, SD, PA follows Langmuir isotherm while SCB follows Tempkin isotherm model. To evaluate the mechanism of Cr adsorption on different adsorbents, Pseudo-first-order and Pseudo-second-order equations were used. The adsorption process follows Pseudo-second-order for all adsorbents, which confirms the chemisorption of Cr (VI) on different adsorbents.

scholarly journals A Study on Adsorption Capacity of Activated Carbons through Analysis of Variance (Anova)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.34) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
S Govindasami ◽  
D Sivakumar ◽  
P B Sakthivel
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Sugar Mill ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Tannery Industry ◽  
Anova Table ◽  
Table Analysis

Recycling and reusing the waste is one of the agenda of sustainable development. Hence this investigation was carried out on utilizing the industrial sludge as activated carbon. The sludge was collected from treatment unit of sugar mill industry, paper mill industry and tannery industry and activated carbon was prepared and named as sugar mill sludge activated carbon (SSAC), paper mill sludge activated carbon (PSAC) and tannery industry sludge activated carbon (TSAC). Batch studies were performed between dye solution and activated carbon to determine adsorption capacity of adsorbent and optimum contact time for the contact process. The optimum contact time and optimum dosage was found to be 120 min and 3.0 g respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of SSAC, PSAC & TSAC on the concentrations of 10 mg/l of reactive dye solution for the dosage of 3.0 g was 100 %, 92.88 % and 88.54 %. The experimental data and analysis was checked by ANOVA table analysis to justify mathematically. As per ANOVA table the mean performance of SSAC is higher and TSAC is lower. So, finally it is concluded that the experimental results are justified by the ANOVA table analysis on the adsorption capacity of activated carbons.   

scholarly journals Application of Alum Sludge in Phosphate Phosphorus Removal from Contaminated Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
B Ojha ◽  
R K Sharma ◽  
I. M. Amatya
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Intensity Parameter ◽  
Alum Sludge ◽  
P Removal

This study determines application of alum sludge in phosphate phosphorus (PO43-/P) removal from contaminated water. For the study the alum sludge was collected from Mahankal Water Treatment Plant and dewatered by drying in micro oven under 105°C and crumble to average particle size of 5 mm. 10.7 ppm Synthetic PO43-/P solution was prepared by dissolving Na2HPO4.2H2O. Batch test was conduct to determine the PO43-/P removal efficiency and to develop adsorption isotherm. The phosphorus removal efficiency was tested for 8 g, 16 g, 24 g, 32 g and 40 g alum sludge per L PO43-/P solution for different contact time. The PO43-/P content in the sample solution was determine by L-Ascorbic Acid method using Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UVmini-12400) in the lab of Pulchowk Campus, Institute of Engineering Tribhuvan University. The PO43-/P removal efficiency was found to be 95.5% for 8 g/L dosing and 98.4% % for 40 g/L. The contact time decreases with increase in dosing 50 min for 8 g/L and 5 min for 40 g/L dosing. The adsorption process best fit Freundlich isotherm with higher correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.87) and Freundlich intensity parameter (1/n) less than unit (1/n = 0.76) upto 50min contact time and beyond 50min contact time intensity parameter (1/n) greater than unit. The adsorption capacity determine from isotherm indicate increase in adsorption capacity with increase in dosing. The adsorption capacity increases from 1.39 to 28.07 mg/g when contract time varies from 1 to 120min.

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