scholarly journals Optimization of Energy and Resource Efficiency in a Multistage Drying Process of Phosphate Pellets

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Meshalkin ◽  
Vladimir Bobkov ◽  
Maksim Dli ◽  
Vincenzo Dovì
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Dynamic Programming Algorithm ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Stage Process

The roasting of phosphate pellets is an energy-intensive process the optimization of which can give rise to considerable efficiency improvements. To this purpose, the mathematical modeling and the computer-aided simulation of a multi-stage process of phosphate pellets roasting have been developed. This process includes drying, dissociation reaction of carbonates and a sintering process in a moving, dense, multilayer mass of phosphate pellets in a special horizontal grate apparatus. A theoretical model for the physical-chemical processes of a mass of phosphate pellets moving in a multistage process and subject to external operation variables (i.e., temperatures and flowrates of the drying gas at different positions of the conveyor length) has been developed. By letting these control variables vary over suitable ranges limited by technical constraints, it is possible to construct an algorithm that minimizes the overall energy consumption subject to the attainment of the required quality indicators of the pellets. Therefore, the set of constraints includes bounds on both the operational variables and quality indicators of the final product. A dynamic programming algorithm subject to suitable penalty functions for avoiding constraints violation has been used. The results obtained show that the scientifically based operation described in this paper achieves the goal of attaining considerable energy savings while assuring the quality of the finished pellets. Furthermore, the results highlight the convenience of extending the general strategy developed in this article to other chemical energy engineering processes.

Some aspects of the multi-stage method of production of dry dairy products

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Павел Владимирович Кузнецов ◽  
Валентина Тихоновна Габриелова
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Boiling Layer ◽  
Multi Stage

Последовательное сочетание различных методов обезвоживания является одним из традиционных направлений при организации эффективного производства концентрированных, сгущенных и сухих молочных продуктов. Этот подход призван обеспечить заданные качества конечного продукта при минимальных энергозатратах технологии. Расчеты подобных многоэтапных процессов в силу высокой сложности постоянно являются предметом исследований. Оценка влияния стадийности обезвоживания при выработке концентрированных, сгущенных и сухих молочных продуктов на энергоемкость процесса является целью данной работы. Объектами исследования были жидкие, концентрированные и сухие молочные продукты, а также параметры процессов их обезвоживания. Ведение процесса сушки в две стадии позволяет получить экономию энергии до 10-15 %. Предварительная обработка исходного продукта мембранными методами (ультрафильтрация, нанофильтрация, обратный осмос) также дает возможность получать определенный эффект в энергозатратах. Применительно к распылительной сушке молочных продуктов широкое применение находит процесс, включающий предварительную концентрацию исходного продукта тем или иным мембранным методом, сгущение продукта методом вакуум-выпаривания, распылительную сушку горячим воздухом до влажности, на 2-4 % превышающую требуемую, окончательную досушку продукта в «псевдокипящем» слое до требуемой влажности и, наконец, охлаждение продукта также в «псевдокипящем» слое. На основании условий материального и энергетического баланса получено выражение для оценки удельных затрат в процессе многостадийного обезвоживания, позволяющее проводить сравнительную оценку затрат на производство сухих молочных продуктов, определять целесообразность их создания или реконструкции, исходя из планируемых объемов переработки и финансовых возможностей. Целевыми функциями, описывающими процесс обезвоживания, следует рассматривать функции, описывающие изменение влажности продукта, удельные затраты энергии на обработку продукта и качество конечного продукта. A consistent combination of different methods of dehydration is one of the promising directions in the organization of the production of concentrated, condensed and dry dairy products. This ensures the desired quality of the final product at the lowest possible energy consumption. Calculations of such multi-stage processes, due to their high complexity, are constantly the subject of ongoing research. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of the stages of dehydration in the production of concentrated, condensed and dry dairy products on the energy intensity of the process. The objects of the study were liquid, concentrated and dry dairy products, as well as the parameters of their dehydration processes. Conducting the drying process in two stages allows you to get energy savings of up to 10-15 %. Pretreatment of the initial product by membran methods (ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis) also makes it possible to obtain a certain gain in energy consumption. In relation to the spray drying of dairy products, a process is widely used, including the preliminary concentration of the initial product by one or another membrane method, the thickening of the product by vacuum evaporation, spray drying with hot air to a humidity 2-4 % higher than the required, the final drying of the product in the «pseudo-boiling» layer to the required humidity and, finally, the cooling of the product also in the «pseudo-boiling» layer. Based on the conditions of the material and energy balances, an expression is obtained for estimating the unit costs in the process of multi-stage dewatering, which allows for a comparative assessment of the costs of producing dry dairy products, determining the feasibility of its creation or reconstruction, based on the planned processing volumes and financial capabilities. The target functions describing the dewatering process should be considered functions describing the change in product moisture, the specific energy consumption for processing the product, and the quality of the final product.

scholarly journals General algorithm for searching user data in social media of the Internet

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Oleh Mastykash ◽  
Andii Peleshchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Future System ◽  
User Data ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
The One

The research work presented within this paper solves the problem of automated search for heterogeneous data in social media of the Internet (SMI). Building a system for obtaining and subsequent analysis of heterogeneous data in SMI – a complex multi-stage process in which specialists of various profiles and qualifications participate. Therefore, one of the main problems in the design of such systems is the coverage of all aspects of the functioning of the software-analytical complex, providing a common language for specialists, which allows us to uniquely, and clearly, understandably formulate the basic concepts of the projects. One of the main and basic tasks in analyzing the pages of a SMI user is to build algorithms for analyzing the user data environment (UDE). The quality of software will depend on the implemented algorithms. The construction of such algorithms, on the one hand, provides an understanding of the process of forming functional individual modules of the system and their interaction, on the other hand, laying a qualitative foundation in the future system. Algorithms for data analysis in the SMI will be designed based on the basic principles of behavior of the user registered in it.

scholarly journals ANALYSES OF THE CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAMMS OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE MANUFACTURING PROCESS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Olita Medne ◽  
Ilo Dreijers ◽  
Līga Bērziņa
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Cause And Effect Diagram ◽  
Very High ◽  
Planning Of Experiments

The manufacturing of expanded polystyrene is a multi-stage process. In each stage the number of technologic parameters is very high, they are intercorrelated and influence the quality of the end product. The improper combination of parameter quantitative values causes defects – deterioration of mechanical and heat insulation properties, product deformation and cracking. The planning of experiments for parameter discrimination and afterwards optimization is not practicable due to the high number of variables. That is why we used the cause and effect diagrams for the identification of the most essential parameters. After analyzing the regulation of the technological process a cause and effect diagram (the so-called”fish-bone”) was created for each stage. Further on, after having analyzed the literature data and using the experience gained in the real manufacturing process, the set of eventually most essential parameters was defined. Also the number of these parameters is quite high, however it already gives a possibility to perform purposeful experiments and make an analysis of the experimental results.

Criteria for evaluation of the coordinate measurements quality of parts geometric parameters at pilot-experimental production

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Bobrovskaya ◽  
M.F. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Technological Heredity ◽  
Coordinate Measurements ◽  
Reasonable Choice ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Geometric Elements

The criteria of the coordinate measurements quality at pilot-experimental production based on contemporary methods of quality management system and traditional methods of the measurements quality in Metrology are considered. As an additional criterion for quality of measurements, their duration is proposed. Analyzing the problem of assessing the quality of measurements, the authors pay particular attention to the role of technological heredity in the analysis of the sources of uncertainty of coordinate measurements, including not only the process of manufacturing the part, but all stages of the development of design and technological documentation. Along with such criteria as the degree of confidence in the results of measurements; the accuracy, convergence, reproducibility and speed of the results must take into account the correctness of technical specification, and such characteristics of the shape of the geometric elements to be controlled, such as flatness, roundness, cylindrical. It is noted that one of the main methods to reduce the uncertainty of coordinate measurements is to reduce the uncertainty in the initial data and measurement conditions, as well as to increase the stability of the tasks due to the reasonable choice of the basic geometric elements (measuring bases) of the part. A prerequisite for obtaining reliable quality indicators is a quantitative assessment of the conditions and organization of the measurement process. To plan and normalize the time of measurements, the authors propose to use analytical formulas, on the basis of which it is possible to perform quantitative analysis and optimization of quality indicators, including the speed of measurements.

Using the alveograph in developing requirements for the quality of flour for wafer sheet production

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
E.P. Meleshkina ◽  
◽  
S.N. Kolomiets ◽  
A.S. Cheskidova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
Intended Purpose ◽  
The Future ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objectively and reliably determined indicators of rheological properties of the dough were identified using the alveograph device to create a system of classifications of wheat and flour from it for the intended purpose in the future. The analysis of the relationship of standardized quality indicators, as well as newly developed indicators for identifying them, differentiating the quality of wheat flour for the intended purpose, i.e. for finished products. To do this, we use mathematical statistics methods.

The impact of sex, gender and healthcare system on quality of care among young adults with acute myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Raparelli ◽  
L Pilote ◽  
H Behlouli ◽  
J Dziura ◽  
H Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Single Payer

Abstract Background The quality of care among young adults with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be related to biological sex, psycho-socio-cultural (gender) determinants or healthcare system-level factors. Purpose To examine whether sex, gender, and the type of healthcare system influence the quality of AMI care among young adults. Methods A total of 4,564 AMI young adults (<55 years) (59% women, 47 years, 66% US) were analyzed from the VIRGO and GENESIS-PRAXY studies consisting of single-payer (Canada, Spain) versus multipayer (US) systems. For each patient treated in each system we calculated a quality of care score (QCS) for pre-AMI (1-year pre admission), in-hospital, and post-AMI (1-year post discharge) phases of care (number of quality indicators received divided by the total number [range=0–100%], with higher scores indicating better quality). Ordinal logistic or linear regression models, and 2-way interactions between sex, gender and healthcare system were tested. Results Women in the multipayer system had the highest risk factor burden. Across the phases of care for AMI, 20% of quality indicators were missed in both sexes. High stress, earner status, and social support were associated with a higher QCS in the pre-AMI phase, whereas only employment and earner status were associated with QCS in all other phases. In the pre-AMI phase, women had higher QCS than men, mainly in the single-payer system (adjusted-OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.46,2.35 vs. 1.07, 95% CI 0.84,1.36, P-interaction= 0.002). Regardless of sex, only employment status had a greater effect in the multipayer system (adjusted-OR=0.59, 95% CI 0.44,0.78 vs 1.13, 95% CI 0.89,1.44, P-interaction <0.001). In the in-hospital phase, women had a lower QCS than men, especially in the multipayer system (adjusted-mean-difference: −2.48, 95% CI-3.87, −1.08). Employment was associated with a higher QCS (2.0, 95% CI 0.9–3.17, P-interaction >0.05). Finally, in the post-AMI phase, men and women had a lower QCS, predominantly in the multipayer system. However, primary earners had higher QCS regardless of system. Conclusion Sex, gender, and healthcare system affected the quality of care after AMI. Women had a poorer in-hospital than men and both women and men had suboptimal post-discharge care. Being unemployed lowered the quality of care, more so in the multipayer system. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Canadian Institutes of Health and Research (CIHR)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document