scholarly journals Prospects for Hermetic Sealing of Scaled-Up Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generators for Reliable and Risk Free Operation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Calnan ◽  
Stefan Aschbrenner ◽  
Fuxi Bao ◽  
Erno Kemppainen ◽  
Iris Dorbandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Hermetic Sealing ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
Global Energy Supply

Photo-electrochemical (PEC) systems have the potential to contribute to de-carbonation of the global energy supply because solar energy can be directly converted to hydrogen, which can be burnt without the release of greenhouse gases. However, meaningful deployment of PEC technology in the global energy system, even when highly efficient scaled up devices become available, shall only be a reality when their safe and reliable operation can be guaranteed over several years of service life. The first part of this review discusses the importance of hermetic sealing of up scaled PEC device provided by the casing and sealing joints from a reliability and risk perspective. The second part of the review presents a survey of fully functional devices and early stage demonstrators and uses this to establish the extent to which the state of the art in PEC device design address the issue of hermetic sealing. The survey revealed that current material choices and sealing techniques are still unsuitable for scale–up and commercialization. Accordingly, we examined possible synergies with related photovoltaic and electrochemical devices that have been commericalised, and derived therefrom, recommendations for future research routes that could accelerate the development of hermetic seals of PEC devices.

scholarly journals Prospects for hermetic sealing of scaled-up photoelectrochemical hydrogen generators for reliable and risk free operation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Calnan ◽  
Stefan Aschbrenner ◽  
Fuxi Bao ◽  
Erno Kemppainen ◽  
Iris Dorbandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Hermetic Sealing ◽  
Electrochemical Devices

Photoelectrochemical systems have the potential to contribute to de-carbonation of the energy system because solar energy can be directly converted to hydrogen which can be burnt without the release of greenhouse gases. However, meaningful deployment of photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology in the global energy system, even when highly efficient scaled up devices become available, shall only be a reality when their safe and reliable operation can be guaranteed over serveral years of service life. The first part of the review discusses the importance of hermetic sealing of up scaled PEC device provided by the casing and sealing joints from a reliability and risk perspective. The second part of the review presents a survey of fully functional devices and early demonstrators and uses this to establish the extent to which the state of the art in PEC device design address the issue of hermetic sealing. The survey revealed that current material choices and sealing techniques are still unsuitable for scale –up and commercialization. Accordingly, we examined possible synergies with related photovoltaic and electrochemical devices that have been commericalised and derived therefrom, recommendations for future research routes that could accelerate the development of hermetic sealings of PEC devices.

scholarly journals Beyond the Core: Who Has Larger Social Networks?

Social Forces ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas Hofstra ◽  
Rense Corten ◽  
Frank van Tubergen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Core Networks ◽  
Social Network Size

Abstract The sociological literature on social networks overwhelmingly considers the number of core social contacts. Social networks, however, reach far beyond this small number of social ties. We know little about individual variation in the size of such extended social networks. In this study, we move beyond core networks and explain individual variation in the extended social network size among youth. We use survey data of Dutch adolescents (N = 5,921) and use two state-of-the-art measurements to compute extended network sizes: network scale-up methods through Bayesian modeling and the observed number of contacts on Facebook. Among both measurements, we find that extended networks are larger among ethnic majority members, girls, and those who often engage in social foci. This highlights a crucial role for preferences and opportunity in the genesis of extended networks. Additionally, we find that differences between both network sizes (scale-up and Facebook) are smaller for girls and higher educated. We discuss the implications of these findings and suggest directions for future research.

scholarly journals Visualizing the Knowledge Domain of Project Governance: A Scientometric Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Zhai ◽  
Ming Shan ◽  
Amos Darko ◽  
Yun Le
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Project Success ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Domains ◽  
Project Governance

Over the past two decades, project governance has attracted increasing attention from researchers and practitioners worldwide and has become an important research area of project management. However, an inclusive quantitative and systematic analysis of the state-of-the-art recently available research in this field is still missing. This study attempts to map the global research on project governance through a state-of-the-art review. A total of 285 bibliographic records were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database and analyzed by the visual analytic tool—CiteSpace. The results indicated that there has been an increasing research interest in project governance. The most productive and the most highly cited author in the area of project governance is Müller R., and most of the existing project governance research achievements are from Australia, China, USA, and Norway. By synthetically analyzing the keywords, future research might focus on governance of megaprojects and project success. Additionally, 9 knowledge domains of project governance were identified, including conceptual framework, public projects, governance structure, governance context, megaproject governance, contractual and relational governance, sustainability, portfolio governance, and project success. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by mapping the existing project governance research. It is particularly helpful to new and early-stage researchers who plan to do research on project governance, as it can provide them an overview of project governance research, including key authors, main institutions, hot topics, and knowledge domains. Moreover, the findings from the study are beneficial to industry practitioners as well, as they can help industry practitioners understand the latest development of governance theory and practice and thereby help them locate the best governance strategies for project management.

scholarly journals Implementation outcomes and strategies for depression interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley H. Wagenaar ◽  
Wilson H. Hammett ◽  
Courtney Jackson ◽  
Dana L. Atkins ◽  
Jennifer M. Belus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Hybrid Type ◽  
Implementation Outcomes ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background We systematically reviewed implementation research targeting depression interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to assess gaps in methodological coverage. Methods PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE were searched for evaluations of depression interventions in LMICs reporting at least one implementation outcome published through March 2019. Results A total of 8714 studies were screened, 759 were assessed for eligibility, and 79 studies met inclusion criteria. Common implementation outcomes reported were acceptability (n = 50; 63.3%), feasibility (n = 28; 35.4%), and fidelity (n = 18; 22.8%). Only four studies (5.1%) reported adoption or penetration, and three (3.8%) reported sustainability. The Sub-Saharan Africa region (n = 29; 36.7%) had the most studies. The majority of studies (n = 59; 74.7%) reported outcomes for a depression intervention implemented in pilot researcher-controlled settings. Studies commonly focused on Hybrid Type-1 effectiveness-implementation designs (n = 53; 67.1), followed by Hybrid Type-3 (n = 16; 20.3%). Only 21 studies (26.6%) tested an implementation strategy, with the most common being revising professional roles (n = 10; 47.6%). The most common intervention modality was individual psychotherapy (n = 30; 38.0%). Common study designs were mixed methods (n = 27; 34.2%), quasi-experimental uncontrolled pre-post (n = 17; 21.5%), and individual randomized trials (n = 16; 20.3). Conclusions Existing research has focused on early-stage implementation outcomes. Most studies have utilized Hybrid Type-1 designs, with the primary aim to test intervention effectiveness delivered in researcher-controlled settings. Future research should focus on testing and optimizing implementation strategies to promote scale-up of evidence-based depression interventions in routine care. These studies should use high-quality pragmatic designs and focus on later-stage implementation outcomes such as cost, penetration, and sustainability.

scholarly journals Beyond the Core: Who Has Larger Social Networks?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas Hofstra ◽  
Rense Corten ◽  
Frank van Tubergen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bayesian Modelling ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Core Networks ◽  
Social Network Size

The sociological literature on social networks overwhelmingly considers the number of core social contacts. Social networks, however, reach far beyond this small number of social ties. We know little about individual variation in the size of such extended social networks. In this study, we move beyond core networks and explain individual variation in the extended social network size among youth. We use survey data of Dutch adolescents (N = 5,921) and use two state-of-the-art measurements to compute extended network sizes: the network scale-up methods through Bayesian modelling and the observed number of contacts on Facebook. Among both measurements, we find that extended networks are larger among ethnic majority members, girls, and those who often engage in social foci. This highlights a crucial role for preferences and opportunity in the genesis of extended networks. Additionally, we find that differences between both network sizes (scale-up and Facebook) are smaller for girls and higher educated. We discuss the implications of these findings and suggest directions for future research.

A Systematic Literature Review of the EFQM Excellence Model from 1991 to 2019

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
Petr Bris
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
European Foundation ◽  
The Subject

A systematic literature review (SLR) from 1991 to 2019 is carried out about EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) excellence model in this paper. The aim of the paper is to present state of the art in quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model that will guide future research lines in this field. The articles were searched with the help of six strings and these six strings were executed in three popular databases i.e. Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Around 584 peer-reviewed articles examined, which are directly linked with the subject of quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model. About 108 papers were chosen finally, then the purpose, data collection, conclusion, contributions, and type of quantitative of the selected papers are discussed and analyzed briefly in this study. Thus, this study identifies the focus areas of the researchers and knowledge gaps in empirical quantitative literature on the EFQM excellence model. This article also presents the lines of future research.

Towards Interconnected Blockchains

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Ankur Lohachab ◽  
Saurabh Garg ◽  
Byeong Kang ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Amin ◽  
Junmin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Layered Architecture ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Game Changer

Unprecedented attention towards blockchain technology is serving as a game-changer in fostering the development of blockchain-enabled distinctive frameworks. However, fragmentation unleashed by its underlying concepts hinders different stakeholders from effectively utilizing blockchain-supported services, resulting in the obstruction of its wide-scale adoption. To explore synergies among the isolated frameworks requires comprehensively studying inter-blockchain communication approaches. These approaches broadly come under the umbrella of Blockchain Interoperability (BI) notion, as it can facilitate a novel paradigm of an integrated blockchain ecosystem that connects state-of-the-art disparate blockchains. Currently, there is a lack of studies that comprehensively review BI, which works as a stumbling block in its development. Therefore, this article aims to articulate potential of BI by reviewing it from diverse perspectives. Beginning with a glance of blockchain architecture fundamentals, this article discusses its associated platforms, taxonomy, and consensus mechanisms. Subsequently, it argues about BI’s requirement by exemplifying its potential opportunities and application areas. Concerning BI, an architecture seems to be a missing link. Hence, this article introduces a layered architecture for the effective development of protocols and methods for interoperable blockchains. Furthermore, this article proposes an in-depth BI research taxonomy and provides an insight into the state-of-the-art projects. Finally, it determines possible open challenges and future research in the domain.

scholarly journals Vibration suppression of structures using tuned mass damper technology: A state-of-the-art review

2021 ◽  
pp. 107754632098430
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Ramin Sedaghati ◽  
Ebrahim Esmailzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Vibration Suppression ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Tuned Mass Damper ◽  
Structural Vibration ◽  
Practical Realization ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Mass Damper ◽  
Structural Vibration Suppression

To date, considerable attention has been paid to the development of structural vibration suppression techniques. Among all vibration suppression devices and techniques, the tuned mass damper is one of the most promising technologies due to its mechanical simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and reliable operation. In this article, a critical review of the structural vibration suppression using tuned mass damper technology will be presented mainly focused on the following four categories: (1) tuned mass damper technology and its modifications, (2) tuned mass damper technology in discrete and continuous structures (mathematical modeling), (3) optimization procedure to obtain the optimally designed tuned mass damper system, and (4) active tuned mass damper and semi-active tuned mass damper with the practical realization of the tuned mass damper technologies.

scholarly journals Towards Scalable Economic Photovoltaic Potential Analysis Using Aerial Images and Deep Learning

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3800
Author(s):  
Sebastian Krapf ◽  
Nils Kemmerzell ◽  
Syed Khawaja Haseeb Khawaja Haseeb Uddin ◽  
Manuel Hack Hack Vázquez ◽  
Fabian Netzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Potential Analysis ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Roof-mounted photovoltaic systems play a critical role in the global transition to renewable energy generation. An analysis of roof photovoltaic potential is an important tool for supporting decision-making and for accelerating new installations. State of the art uses 3D data to conduct potential analyses with high spatial resolution, limiting the study area to places with available 3D data. Recent advances in deep learning allow the required roof information from aerial images to be extracted. Furthermore, most publications consider the technical photovoltaic potential, and only a few publications determine the photovoltaic economic potential. Therefore, this paper extends state of the art by proposing and applying a methodology for scalable economic photovoltaic potential analysis using aerial images and deep learning. Two convolutional neural networks are trained for semantic segmentation of roof segments and superstructures and achieve an Intersection over Union values of 0.84 and 0.64, respectively. We calculated the internal rate of return of each roof segment for 71 buildings in a small study area. A comparison of this paper’s methodology with a 3D-based analysis discusses its benefits and disadvantages. The proposed methodology uses only publicly available data and is potentially scalable to the global level. However, this poses a variety of research challenges and opportunities, which are summarized with a focus on the application of deep learning, economic photovoltaic potential analysis, and energy system analysis.

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