scholarly journals Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Diesel Engine Powered by Lignocellulose Derived Fuel for Better Management of Fuel Production

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
Andrzej Wasiak ◽  
Antoni Świć ◽  
Remigiusz Mruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Biofuel Production

Managing of wastes rich in lignocellulose creates the opportunity to produce biofuels that are in full compliance with the principles of sustainable development. Biomass, as a suitable base for the production of biofuels, does not have to be standardized, and its only important feature is the appropriate content of lignocellulose, which assures great freedom in the selection of input. Biobutanol, obtained from this type of biomass, can be used as fuel for internal combustion engines, including diesel engines. In the era of strict environmental protection regulations, especially concerning atmospheric air, any new fuel, apart from good energetic properties, should also show beneficial ecological effects. This study investigates the carbon dioxide emissions from biobutanol powered diesel engine by means of use of the simulation model. The parameters of a real passenger car powered by a diesel engine were used for simulation carried out accordingly to the WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure) approval procedure as the current test for newly manufactured cars. The results obtained for biobutanol were compared with simulated exhaust emissions obtained for conventional diesel and with FAME (fatty acid methyl esters)—the most popular biofuel. Biobutanol, in spite of its higher consumption, showed lower direct carbon dioxide emissions than both: the conventional diesel and FAME. In addition, a LCA (life cycle assessment) was carried out for the fuels and vehicles in question using the SimaPro package. Therefore, the implementation of butyl alcohol as a fuel provides favorable environmental effects. This result gives arguments towards biofuel production management indicating that implementation of biobutanol production technology mitigates carbon dioxide emission, as well as promotes lignocellulosic resources rather than edible parts of the plants.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Operation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Various Biofuels and Its Contribution to Technology Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Remigiusz Mruk ◽  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
Andrzej Wasiak ◽  
Katarzyna Botwińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Technology Management ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine

Economic progress, development of transport, production of new cars, production of more and more energy, and the combustion of fossil fuels are causing huge changes that are currently occurring in the environment. Ecological problems of the contemporary economy combined with perspectives of resources exhaustion, as well as the need to follow sustainable rules of living, require the search for new fuels. Fuels which can assure their availability and good environmental performance are needed for maintaining sustainable transportation. Knowledge about the behavior of various fuels is necessary for realistic methods of technology management in transportation means and the fuel industry. This paper describes biofuels that can be an addition to petrol or can exist as standalone fuels. A simulation was carried out on an urban vehicle and the tested fuels were petrol 95, ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl ether. For the selected engine a simulation corresponding to that of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test was created using the Scilab package. Based on this simulation, values of carbon dioxide and water vapor emission were determined. The fuel demand for each fuel mixture and the amount of air for the fuels used were also calculated (and verified on the basis of laboratory tests). It was demonstrated that addition of biofuel decreases emission of carbon dioxide, simultaneously increasing emission of water vapor. Biofuel additive also caused an increase in fuel consumption. Unfortunately, in the New European Driving Cycle test being investigated, carbon dioxide emissions in all cases exceeded the permissible level of 130 g CO2/km, which is bad news in the context of the further tightening of norms and standards. The simulation tests confirmed that when using the start/stop system and applying specific additives, the carbon dioxide emission decreases and the consumption of mixtures with the activated start/stop system is smaller. The analyzed problems and results of this analysis become more important in light of the Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) standard, which became binding from September 2018 and applies to the sale of cars that had been approved prior (in accordance with the New European Driving Cycle standard). Although the NEDC standard appears obsolete the computer model simulating this type of test will be necessary in many cases. It is, however, needed and possible to develop a similar simulation procedure for WLTP tests.

scholarly journals Primary Energy Use and Environmental Effects of Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Efstathios E. Michaelides
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
High Fraction

The global market of electric vehicles has become one of the prime growth industries of the 21st century fueled by marketing efforts, which frequently assert that electric vehicles are “very efficient” and “produce no pollution.” This article uses thermodynamic analysis to determine the primary energy needs for the propulsion of electric vehicles and applies the energy/exergy trade-offs between hydrocarbons and electricity propulsion of road vehicles. The well-to-wheels efficiency of electric vehicles is comparable to that of vehicles with internal combustion engines. Heat transfer to or from the cabin of the vehicle is calculated to determine the additional energy for heating and air-conditioning needs, which must be supplied by the battery, and the reduction of the range of the vehicle. The article also determines the advantages of using fleets of electric vehicles to offset the problems of the “duck curve” that are caused by the higher utilization of wind and solar energy sources. The effects of the substitution of internal combustion road vehicles with electric vehicles on carbon dioxide emission avoidance are also examined for several national electricity grids. It is determined that grids, which use a high fraction of coal as their primary energy source, will actually increase the carbon dioxide emissions; while grids that use a high fraction of renewables and nuclear energy will significantly decrease their carbon dioxide emissions. Globally, the carbon dioxide emissions will decrease by approximately 16% with the introduction of electric vehicles.

scholarly journals The Problem of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Closed Coal Mine Shafts – The Overview and the Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-600
Author(s):  
Paweł Wrona ◽  
Józef Sułkowski ◽  
Zenon Różański ◽  
Grzegorz Pach
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Emission Point ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Gas Hazard ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Reporting Procedures

Abstract Greenhouse gas emissions are a common problem noticed in every mining area just after mine closures. However, there could be a significant local gas hazard for people with continuous (but variable) emission of these gases into the atmosphere. In the Upper Silesia area, there are 24 shafts left for water pumping purposes and gases can flow through them hydraulically. One of them – Gliwice II shaft – was selected for inspection. Carbon dioxide emission with no methane was detected here. Changes in emission and concentration of carbon dioxide around the shaft was the aim of research carried out. It was stated that a selected shaft can create two kinds of gas problems. The first relates to CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Possible emission of that gas during one minute was estimated at 5,11 kg CO2/min. The second problem refers to the local hazard at the surface. The emission was detected within a radius of 8m from the emission point at the level 1m above the ground. These kinds of matters should be subject to regular gas monitoring and reporting procedures.

Driving Factors Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China Based on STIRPAT Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1910-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Zhi Zhao ◽  
Qing You Yan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Stirpat Model ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Secondary Industry

China is developing at relatively high speed, not only the regional development speed should be focused upon, but also the environmental impact of economic growth should be paid attention to, especially the level change of carbon dioxide emission. To some degree, quantity of carbon dioxide emission has become one of the most important indexes for measuring quality of a nations economic growth. Thus, this thesis is trying to analyze the driving relations between economic growth and carbon dioxide. Upon STIRPAT model, ridge regression method and elasticity theory are applied to analyze the influencing factors of carbon dioxide quantity such as the population quantity, Chinas urbanization process, per capita GDP, energy density and the percentage of the secondary industry. Correspondingly, based on the different influencing variables to carbon dioxide emission quantity, needy measures are brought out to control and decrease emissions. Feasible suggestions are trying to improve Chinas economic development quality.

scholarly journals ENERGY-RELATED CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AGRICULTURE: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT BENCHMARKING TECHNIQUES

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Baležentis ◽  
Daiva Makutėnienė
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Undesirable Output ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Desirable Output ◽  
Low Performance

The literature suggests different approaches towards modelling of the environmental impact caused by the production processes. The present paper attempts to establish a framework for multicriteria comparison of agricultural sectors of the European Union Member States and identify the performance gaps in terms of energy-related carbon dioxide emission. The research relies on the two approaches, viz. the by-production approach and the multi-criteria decision making approach. The environmental performance indicators were evaluated in regards to the desirable output (gross value added), inputs, and the undesirable output (carbon dioxide emission). The results indicate that Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Hungary should attempt to improve their carbon factors by implementing cleaner energy technologies. The combinations of by-production sub-indices suggest that productivity gains are more important for Sweden, Belgium, Poland, and France. Czech Republic, Latvia, and Finland are specific with low performance in terms of both the intended production and the undesirable output. The MCDM approach identified similar trends in performance as suggested by country ranking and correlation analysis.

scholarly journals Analysis of monthly CO2 emission trends for major EU Countries: a time series approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Quatrosi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Time Series Approach

<p>The following paper analyses monthly trends for CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions from energy consumption for 31 European countries, four primary fuels (i.e., Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Hard Coal, Lignite) and three secondary fuels (i.e., Gas/Diesel Oil, LPG, Naphta, Petroleum Coke) from 2008 to 2019. Carbon dioxide emission has been estimated following the Reference Approach in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gasses Inventories. Country-specific (e.g. Tier 2) coefficient were retrieved from the IPCC Emission Factor Database and the UN Common Reporting Framework. Data on fuel consumption (e.g., Gross Inland Deliveries) were taken from the Eurostat database. This paper will fill some knowledge gap analysing monthly trends of carbon dioxide emissions for major EU Countries. As the progressive phase-out of carbon is taking place pretty much in all Europe, Crude Oil exerted the largest amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the period considered. Analysis of selected countries unveiled several clusters within the EU in terms of major source of emissions. As final step, the paper has endeavoured the task of fitting a model for monthly CO<sub>2 </sub>forecasting. The whole series presents two structural breaks and can be explained by an autoregressive model of the first order. Indeed, further speculations on a more appropriate fit and more fuels in the estimation, is demanded to other works.</p>

In-situ monitoring of carbon dioxide emissions from a diesel engine using a mid-infrared optical fibre sensor

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfed Lewis ◽  
John Clifford ◽  
Colin Fitzpatrick ◽  
Gerard Dooly ◽  
Weizhong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Optical Fibre ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Optical Fibre Sensor ◽  
Fibre Sensor

Analysis of Avoided Carbon-Dioxide Due to Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine Technologies Displacing Electrical Peaking Facilities

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarod C. Kelly ◽  
Deepak Sivaraman ◽  
Gregory A. Keoleian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Renewable Technology

Many studies that examine the impact of renewable energy installations on avoided carbon-dioxide utilize national, regional or state averages to determine the predicted carbon-dioxide offset. The approach of this computational study was to implement a dispatching strategy in order to determine precisely which electrical facilities would be avoided due to the installation of renewable energy technologies. This study focused on a single geographic location for renewable technology installation, San Antonio, Texas. The results indicate an important difference between calculating avoided carbon-dioxide when using simple average rates of carbon-dioxide emissions and a dispatching strategy that accounts for the specific electrical plants used to meet electrical demands. The avoided carbon-dioxide due to renewable energy technologies is overestimated when using national, regional and state averages. This occurs because these averages include the carbon-dioxide emission factors of electrical generating assets that are not likely to be displaced by the renewable technology installation. The study also provides a comparison of two specific renewable energy technologies: photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines. The results suggest that investment in PV is more cost effective for the San Antonio location. While the results are only applicable to this location, the methodology is useful for evaluating renewable technologies at any location.

scholarly journals Carbon and health implications of trade restrictions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintai Lin ◽  
Mingxi Du ◽  
Lulu Chen ◽  
Kuishuang Feng ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
High Emission

Abstract In a globalized economy, production of goods can be disrupted by trade disputes. Yet the resulting impacts on carbon dioxide emissions and ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) related premature mortality are unclear. Here we show that in contrast to a free trade world, with the emission intensity in each sector unchanged, an extremely anti-trade scenario with current tariffs plus an additional 25% tariff on each traded product would reduce the global export volume by 32.5%, gross domestic product by 9.0%, carbon dioxide by 6.3%, and PM2.5-related mortality by 4.1%. The respective impacts would be substantial for the United States, Western Europe and China. A freer trade scenario would increase global carbon dioxide emission and air pollution due to higher levels of production, especially in developing regions with relatively high emission intensities. Global collaborative actions to reduce emission intensities in developing regions could help achieve an economic-environmental win-win state through globalization.

scholarly journals The Increase of Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 01008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Sasana ◽  
Annisa Eka Putri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fossil Energy

In the last decade, the increase of energy consumption that has multiplied carbondioxide emissions becomes world problems, especially in the developing countries undergoing industrialization to be developed ones like Indonesia. This aim of this study was to analyze the effect of fossil energy consumption, population growth, and consumption of renewable energy on carbon dioxide emission. The method used was multiple linear regression analysis with Ordinary Least Square approach using time series in the period of 1990 - 2014. The result showed that fossil energy consumption and population growth have a positive influence on carbon dioxide emission in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the consumption variable of renewable energy has a negative effect on the level of carbon dioxide emissions produced.

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