scholarly journals Energetic and Economic Analyses for Agricultural Management Models: The Calabria PGI Clementine Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Falcone ◽  
Teodora Stillitano ◽  
Anna Irene De Luca ◽  
Giuseppe Di Vita ◽  
Nathalie Iofrida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Analyses

Farming systems need to be planned to provide suitable levels of economic profitability and, at the same time, ensure an effective energy use, in order to perform environmentally friendly production strategies. The herein present work aims to assess the efficiency of energy use and economic impacts of the main farming methods (conventional, organic and integrated) of Clementine’s crops in Calabria (South Italy), through a combined use of Life Cycle Energy Assessment (LCEA) approach and economic analysis. For this purpose, data were collected from clementine producers by using face-to-face interviews. The results revealed that average energy consumption in the organic farming systems was 72,739 MJ, lower than conventional and integrated systems equal to 95,848 MJ and 94,060 MJ, respectively. This is mainly due to the ban of chemicals. Economic analysis showed that organic farms were more profitable compared with the other farming methods, because of the greater selling price and the EU economic support, reaching an average net profit of 4255 € ha−1 against 3134 € ha−1 of integrated farms and 2788 € ha−1 of conventional ones. The economic efficiency of energy from clementine production was 0.058 € MJ−1 in the organic farming, higher compared to the other two farming systems equal to 0.033 € MJ−1 on average.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hyaluronic Acid Production Process Utilizing Streptococcal Fermentation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Rafael G. Ferreira ◽  
Adriano R. Azzoni ◽  
Maria Helena Andrade Santana ◽  
Demetri Petrides
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Fed Batch Culture ◽  
Economic Analyses

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide of alternating d-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine residues present in the extracellular matrix of connective, epithelial, and nervous tissues. Due to its singular hydrating, rheological and adhesive properties, HA has found numerous cosmetic and medical applications. However, techno-economic analyses of high value-added bioproducts such as HA are scarce in the literature. Here, we present a techno-economic analysis of a process for producing HA using Streptococcus zooepidemicus, simulated in SuperPro Designer. In the baseline scenario, HA is produced by batch fermentation, reaching 2.5 g/L after 24 h. It is then centrifuged, diafiltered, treated with activated carbon and precipitated with isopropanol. The product is suitable for topical formulations and its production cost was estimated as 1115 $/kg. A similar scenario, based on fed-batch culture and assuming a titer of 5.0 g/L, led to a lower cost of 946 $/kg. Moreover, in two additional scenarios, 10% of the precipitated HA is diverted to the production of a highly pure and high-molecular weight HA, suitable for injectable applications. These scenarios resulted in higher capital and operating costs, but also in higher profits, because HA for injectable use has a higher selling price that more than compensates for its higher production costs.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP SISTEM PERTANIAN ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK DALAM BUDIDAYA PADI SAWAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Juliantika Juliantika ◽  
Tubagus Hasanuddin ◽  
Begem Viantimala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Rice Farmers

The purposes of this research were to determine the performance of organic and anorganic farming systems in wetland rice cultivation, rice farmers’ perception, the related factors to farmers' perception, the differences in rice farmers’ perceptions, and the constraints faced in that applications in Pajaresuk and Pujodadi Village. The data collection was conducted in November - December 2017. The research method used was census. The number of organic and anorganic rice farmers sampled were 35 farmers. The data was analyzed by descriptive analysis, Spearman rank correlation and the Mann-Whitney test. The results of this research show that the performance of organic and anorganic rice farming were land processing, seeding, planting, pest and disease controlling, fertilizating, irrigating, and harvesting. The differences performance of organic and anorganic rice farming were in seeding, pests and diseases controlling, and fertilizing. The rice farmers' perception to organic farming systems was quite good. The related factors to farmers' perception were social interaction, community support, and farmers' interests. There were no significant differences between organic farmers’ perceptions and the anorganic farmers’ perceptions. The constraint faced in the application of organic farming system was the difficulty of maintenance in cultivation, while in the application of anorganic farming systemwas the high costs, but the selling price was relatively low. Key words: anorganic rice, organic rice, perception

Profit Planning and Control in the Machining Industry Based on the Contribution Margin Concept

2014 ◽  
Vol 889-890 ◽  
pp. 1532-1539
Author(s):  
Elesandro Antonio Baptista ◽  
Wagner C. Lucato ◽  
Nivaldo Lemos Coppini ◽  
Edson Melo de Souza ◽  
Alexandre Augusto Martins Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Contribution Margin ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between suppliers and buyers has had significant changes in recent years. Among those suppliers are small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) providing machining services as demanded by their clients. Usually this type of company faces difficulties to adequately manage the selling price of services to be rendered. Larger companies on the other hand have the ability to quickly and more accurately manage their costs and related prices due to the utilization of expensive software which are often not viable for SMEs. This paper proposes a procedure based on the contribution margin concept which enables the SMEs dedicated to supplying machining services to perform an economic analysis of the machining process as a way to improve the efficiency of its cost management and pricing of their services.

The energy efficiency of organic agriculture: A review

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence G. Smith ◽  
Adrian G. Williams ◽  
Bruce. D. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Finite Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Organic Farms

AbstractGrowing populations and a constrained fossil-manufactured energy supply present a major challenge for society and there is a real need to develop forms of agriculture that are less dependent on finite energy sources. It has been suggested that organic agriculture can provide a more energy efficient approach due to its focus on sustainable production methods. This review has investigated the extent to which this is true for a range of farming systems. Data from about 50 studies were reviewed with results suggesting that organic farming performs better than conventional for nearly all crop types when energy use is expressed on a unit of area basis. Results are more variable per unit of product due to the lower yield for most organic crops. For livestock, ruminant production systems tend to be more energy efficient under organic management due to the production of forage in grass–clover leys. Conversely, organic poultry tend to perform worse in terms of energy use as a result of higher feed conversion ratios and mortality rates compared to conventional fully housed or free-range systems. With regard to energy sources, there is some evidence that organic farms use more renewable energy and have less of an impact on natural ecosystems. Human energy requirements on organic farms are also higher as a result of greater system diversity and manual weed control. Overall this review has found that most organic farming systems are more energy efficient than their conventional counterparts, although there are some notable exceptions.

scholarly journals ADJUSTING THE STRUCTURE COMBINATIONS OF PLANT COMMUNITIES IN URBAN GREENSPACE REDUCED THE MAINTENANCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND GHG EMISSIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Qiusheng Yang ◽  
Lichao Duan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Urban Greenspace ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

Maintaining urban greenspace results in energy use and GHG emissions. To understand the change of the annual maintenance energy consumption and GHG emissions in varying combinations of plant structures (plant density or proportion of area covered) in urban greenspace, this study investigated 34 urban plant communities as sample plots (20×20 m), and divided them into woodland, shrub, herbaceous and grassland layers. The average energy use and GHG emissions in the woodland layer were 18.64 MJ/tree/y–1 and 0.23 kg/CO2-e/tree/y–1, respectively. In the shrub, herbaceous, and grassland layers, the average energy consumption was 3.73, 2.27, 7.23 MJ/m2/y–1, and the average GHG emissions were 0.06, 0.02, 0.09 kg/CO2-e/m2/y–1, respectively. The energy use and GHG emission curves had parabolic trends as the plant density in the woodland layer increased and increasing curves with two peaks as the plant area proportions of the shrub, herbaceous, and grassland layers increased. The annual maintenance of urban greenspace can divide into low, average and high levels of energy consumption and GHG emissions due to the change in the plant structure combinations. Furthermore, city managers and landscape designers can refer to the energy consumption and GHG emissions trends to understand the environmental impact of maintenance tasks. The future plant structures in greenspace can be better designed to improve ecosystem services based on limiting the maintenance environmental impacts.

Regime of soil humus rural residential areas organic farming systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
L.I. Shkarivska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Organic Farming System

The changes of the soil’s humus soil within the rural areas are investigated for the organic farming system. The most significant impact of organic agriculture on humus content over 55% was observed on soddy podzolic soils (V>75%), the lowest –7,5% on typical chernozem (V≈16%). Changes in the qualitative composition of humus for the introduction of various types of organic substrates are analyzed.

scholarly journals Stable Characteristics of Cover Crops for Weed Suppression in Organic Farming Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Uchino ◽  
Kazuto Iwama ◽  
Yutaka Jitsuyama ◽  
Keiko Ichiyama ◽  
Eri Sugiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Organic Farming Systems

scholarly journals Modifying Building Energy-Saving Design Based on Field Research into Climate Features and Local Residents’ Habits

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Zhu ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
Xudong Yang ◽  
Zhong Yu ◽  
Ji Ni
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Building Energy Saving ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

In China, a surging urbanization highlights the significance of building energy conservation. However, most building energy-saving schemes are designed solely in compliance with prescriptive codes and lack consideration of the local situations, resulting in an unsatisfactory effect and a waste of funds. Moreover, the actual effect of the design has yet to be thoroughly verified through field tests. In this study, a method of modifying conventional building energy-saving design based on research into the local climate and residents’ living habits was proposed, and residential buildings in Panzhihua, China were selected for trial. Further, the modification scheme was implemented in an actual project with its effect verified by field tests. Research grasps the precise climate features of Panzhihua, which was previously not provided, and concludes that Panzhihua is a hot summer and warm winter zone. Accordingly, the original internal insulation was canceled, and the shading performance of the windows was strengthened instead. Test results suggest that the consequent change of SET* does not exceed 0.5 °C, whereas variations in the energy consumption depend on the room orientation. For rooms receiving less solar radiation, the average energy consumption increased by approximately 20%, whereas for rooms with a severe western exposure, the average energy consumption decreased by approximately 11%. On the other hand, the cost savings of removing the insulation layer are estimated at 177 million RMB (1 USD ≈ 6.5 RMB) per year. In conclusion, the research-based modification method proposed in this study can be an effective tool for improving building energy efficiency adapted to local conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of seed treatment and foliar spray with fungicides in controlling black point disease of wheat

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Malaker ◽  
IH Mian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The efficacy of seed treatment and foliar spray with fungicides in controlling black point incidence of wheat seeds was evaluated in the field. Two seed treating fungicides, namely Vitavax-200 and Homai-80WP were used @ 0.25% of dry seed weight and foliar spray with Tilt-250EC (0.05%) was applied in six different schedules. Untreated and unsprayed controls were also maintained. Seed treatment with either Vitavax-200 or Homai-80WP significantly increased plant population and grain yield, but none of them was found effective in reducing black point incidence. On the other hand, foliar sprays with Tilt-250EC under all the spray schedules except spraying at 70 and 90 DAS significantly minimized the disease severity over unsprayed control. Among the different spray schedules, spraying at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 DAS appeared to be most effective, which was similar to spraying at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAS in reducing black point incidence and increasing grain yield. Economic analysis on yield advantage showed that the highest additional gross margin of Tk. 6120/ha with BCR 2.57 was obtained from five sprays applied at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 DAS. Key Words: Seed treatment, foliar spray, black point, wheat. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i3.3968 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(3) : 425-434, September 2009

Soil fertility in organic farming systems - fundamentally different?

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Stockdale ◽  
M.A. Shepherd ◽  
S. Fortune ◽  
S.P. Cuttle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Organic Farming Systems
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