scholarly journals Green Walls, a Critical Review: Knowledge Gaps, Design Parameters, Thermal Performances and Multi-Criteria Design Approaches

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ascione ◽  
Rosa Francesca De Masi ◽  
Margherita Mastellone ◽  
Silvia Ruggiero ◽  
Giuseppe Peter Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Green Walls

The green wall is an engineered technology for stormwater management and climate change mitigation at the urban level. At the building scale, these energy efficiency measures are suitable for improving indoor comfort conditions and for reducing energy needs. Several guidelines are available about vertical greening systems, but these propose design parameters and performance evaluation criteria, often incomparable. In order to facilitate the implementation of proper technical standards, this paper proposes a critical review of more recent scientific investigations. All parameters for the design optimization are discussed as well as the achievable social and private benefits by taking into consideration the type of study (numerical or experimental), the climate conditions, the analysis period, all technical requirements of the green layer as well as of the back wall. The review underlines that a multi-criteria design approach is needed for green vertical systems. Thus, the paper is concluded with a SWOT analysis, evidencing “strengths”, “weaknesses”, “opportunities” and “threats”. The analysis shows that the highlighted benefits will acquire greater relevance considering the increase in global temperatures and the growing need to redevelop densely built urban centers, while some negative aspects may be filled in the future with a deeper preparation of designers and careful choice of materials. The review paper shows, therefore, drivers and barriers occurring designing and implementing green walls.

scholarly journals The influence of green walls on interior climate conditions and human health

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02041
Author(s):  
Jitka Peterková ◽  
Magdaléna Michalčíková ◽  
Vítězslav Novák ◽  
Richard Slávik ◽  
Jiří Zach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Green Wall ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Green Walls ◽  
Mental Well Being

In recent years, many researchers have addressed the issue of interior climate and how it affects human health. Investigations performed at schools and office buildings have found that CO2 concentrations often exceed the limit value of 1500 ppm given in Decree No. 20/2012 Coll., on technical requirements for buildings. In addition, interior space often exhibits very low relative humidity. This results in poor conditions that are detrimental to human health and not conducive to studying and work. One means of improving the interior microclimate is implementing green walls. These walls can help generate a much better climate and greatly enhance the mental well-being of the inhabitants. In addition, they greatly improve dust levels and acoustics in the room. The research compared the interior conditions in two classrooms at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology. One had a green wall installed while the other was in its original configuration. CO2 concentration, temperature, and relative humidity were measured. A survey was conducted to assess the influence of the green wall on students and teachers (mental well-being, efficiency, productivity, creativity, etc.). Results obtained thus far show that the room with the green wall provides far better interior conditions, mainly in terms of lower CO2 concentration and higher relative humidity, improving students’ and teachers’ mood and health (as confirmed by the survey as well).

scholarly journals Prostate MRI quality: a critical review of the last 5 years and the role of the PI-QUAL score

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210415
Author(s):  
Francesco Giganti ◽  
Veeru Kasivisvanathan ◽  
Alex Kirkham ◽  
Shonit Punwani ◽  
Mark Emberton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Prostate Imaging ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Patient Preparation ◽  
Clinically Significant

There is increasing interest in the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the prostate cancer pathway. The European Association of Urology (EAU) and the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) now advise mpMRI prior to biopsy, and the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) recommendations set out the minimal technical requirements for the acquisition of mpMRI of the prostate. The widespread and swift adoption of this technique has led to variability in image quality. Suboptimal image acquisition reduces the sensitivity and specificity of mpMRI for the detection and staging of clinically significant prostate cancer. This critical review outlines the studies aimed at improving prostate MR quality that have been published over the last 5 years. These span from the use of specific MR sequences, magnets and coils to patient preparation. The rates of adherence of prostate mpMRI to technical standards in different cohorts across the world are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the first standardised scoring system (i.e., Prostate Imaging Quality, PI-QUAL) that has been created to evaluate image quality, although further iterations of this score are expected in the future.

Problem of energy efficiency in the model of sustainable development in Ukraine: EU experience

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Vasyl Zelenko ◽  
Yaryna Ferenchak ◽  
Nataliya Zelenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Efficient Construction

The paper outlines major preconditions of development of energy efficiency programs and the process of their introduction from the perspective of sustainable development concept. Energy saving measures of European Union are examined, its experience and results, like green books and Thermie programs, etc are analyzed. The paper also specifies relevant activities and responsibilities undertaken by Member States by 2030 and the rates planned to be achieved. The experience of neighboring Poland in energy efficiency promotion is analyzed, as far as the country most closely resembles Ukraine by the initial rates in 1990. We calculated conditional losses of Ukraine in 2017 as the gap between the rates of energy efficiency of Ukraine and Poland (similarity of climate conditions and the state of housing funds allowed us to assume that the comparison will be the most correct regarding Ukraine). The results of calculations make us conclude that the funds are used most efficiently if the money designated, for example, for subsidizing of population are directed at strengthening of energy efficiency (at least up to the level of neighboring country). It will result in saving of about 40 billion. This is the amount defined as Ukrainian capacity in terms of improvement of energy saving and possible results of its realization. The paper determines the stage Ukraine is at in introduction of energy efficiency measures and programs: “warm loans” program; conditions regarding energy saving in Ukraine enshrined in the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement; creation of legal basis, namely the Law of Ukraine “On Energy Efficiency Fund” as of 8 June 2017. The role of newly created Energy Efficiency Fund is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the fact that energy efficient construction is one of international liabilities undertaken by Ukraine. The presence of The Active House Alliance at Ukrainian market is an important achievement in this sphere as it is the non-profit association aiming at creation of housing concept corresponding to the sustainable development principles.

scholarly journals LIMITER – CONSTRUCTIVE COMPONENT, NECESSARY FOR DETERMINING A SUBJECT SHORT-POINTED WEAPONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 350-360
Author(s):  
V. Bolshakov ◽  
Yu. Maznichenko ◽  
Yu. Holub ◽  
M. Molyboha ◽  
I. Samoilenko
Keyword(s):  
Current Method ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

The systematic analysis of the world experience of civilian use of knives not as cold weapons showed that at present the knife did not become the main attribute of equipping tourists, fish men and even hunters. In particular, today there are very few types of hunting, during which the knife is used to finish off the beast or to protect against it. At the same time, as the practice of hunting management proves, during hunting there are many uses for the knife, even without considering it as a means for cooking. This, in particular, sharpening various stakes (for a tent, a hut, a campfire), skinning a game, preparing chips for a fire, scraping ice from skis or marsh mud from shoes. To do this, in accordance with current state technical standards, any folding knife must have a lock, and the blades of all knives must be of sufficient thickness so as not to break from the load. Handles of hunting knives should be comfortable to hold so that your hand will not get tired during long-term work. For all knives, according to the technical requirements, the length and thickness of the blade must be consistent, as well as the angle of inclination of the tip relative to the axis of the blade. With regard to the above, an interesting example is the collection of knives by the Swedish company Eriksson, consisting of four models, made in the configuration of the Swedish finca. The knives have a handle and a blade of a classic Finnish knife, but with a one-sided stopper. Their blades, depending on the color of the handle, are made of different types of steel. Knives with blue plastic handles have stainless steel blades, and knives with red handles are made of carbon steel. It is believed that in Sweden almost every construction worker walks with such a knife in his pocket. It should be noted that according to the current method of forensic investigation of cold weapons and structurally similar products in it, these knives can be attributed to cold weapons by the size of the blade. It is also interesting an urban-type knife, which is not a cold weapon of the Worden Tactical Medium Company. Renowned wizard Kelly Warden, an instructor for American Rangers, designs this knife. Since 2001, Kelly Warden has been the main consultant on impact and blade weapons of Detachment 1 of the US Special Forces. He trains Special Forces hand-to-hand combat with the use of a knife, machete, baton, sticks, as well as the method of forceful detention. The blade length of the knife described is 74 mm, thickness – 3.8 mm; the handle has a sub-finger protrusion to prevent the arm from slipping on the blade. The knife does not have a standard stopper, which, in addition to protecting it from slipping the hand on the blade, must prevent the hand from sinking into the victim’s body. By all measures, this knife is not a cold weapon in accordance with the requirements of the criminal law of Ukraine. Kelly Warden believes that the knife as a means of self-defense levels the difference in weight, height and physical strength, but its main drawback is its damaging ability. The proposed article is devoted to this circumstance, the definition of the role of the restrictor in classifying a knife as a cold weapon.

scholarly journals An Overview on Major Design Constraints, Impact and Challenges for a Conventional Wastewater Treatment Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Design Constraints ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Set Up

The conventional wastewater (WW) treatment plant includes physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes that can protect the receiving water bodies from water pollution. The common design constraints, challenges as well as environmental impact would make the wastewater treatment plant’s (WWTP) construction and operation more complex and demanding tasks. Major project constraints for WW plant design are economic, accessibility, fulfilling technical requirements, institutional set-up, health and environment, personnel capacity, and political commitment etc. Design methodology adopted in the current study included project location, unit selections, the design capacity, design period as well as proximity to the population and layout plan. The present manuscript discussed briefly about effluent quality requirements, design issues, environmental impacts, details, and safety concerns. It also highlighted the necessary flexibility to carry out satisfactorily within the desired range of influent WW characteristics and flows. In the present study, every step of the design was verified with Environmental Regulations and suggested to overcome all constraints while designing WWTPs so that standard operational code for the specific region could be implemented to achieve the best treatment performance. The results obtained from analytical calculation were optimized to achieve the best design parameters for field application. The optimized values also reduce the construction and operation cost during the field application.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE AND HOTELS WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN TOURISM REGION OF UBUD BALI

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
I Wayan Adiputra Gunawan ◽  
Made Sudiana Mahendra ◽  
I Wayan Diara
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Good Classification ◽  
Swot Matrix ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT PERFORMANCE AND HOTELS WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN TOURISM REGION OF UBUD BALI The aim of this research was to know performance and formulate waste management strategies by star hotels in Ubud Tourism Region. Based on the result of the research, there were 2 hotels (14,28%) with very good classification, 6 hotel (42,86%) with good classification, 3 hotel (21,43%) with moderate classification and 3 hotels (21.43%) with poor classification. The strategy formulated to improve the effectiveness of hotels waste management especially for those for moderate and poor was by conducting analysis of internal factors (IFAS) and external factors (EFAS) which then analyzed with SWOT matrix. Based on the result of SWOT analysis using balance score card, it was found that the star hotel waste management condition which was in moderate category and poor was in quadrant III. This condition indicated that the strategy formulated in the combination of weakneas and opportunities. The formulation of strategy based on SWOT Analysis matrix were as follows: (1) Developing SOP of waste management by referring to the legislation in the environmental; (2) Improving and adding components of waste treatment facilities (WWTP, chimneys, and hazardous waste storage to meet technical standards; (3) Socializing waste management policy to all hotel employees; (4) Apply to the government waste management training for staff / human resources engineering division; and (5) Reporting the performance of the waste management system to the Gianyar Regency Environmental Office every 3 months. Keywords : Performance; Waste, Management Strategy, IFAS, EFAS, and SWOT Analysis

Evaluation of a Composite Flooding Formula Used to Enhance the Oil Recovery of Ansai Oil Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 984 ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Rong Jun Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ke Wang ◽  
Jin Lin Zhao ◽  
Zheng Peng Zhou ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Surfactant Flooding ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Viscoelastic Surfactant

The composite flooding formula utilizes the characteristics of polymer flooding and surfactant flooding to compensate for the shortage of single component chemical flooding, reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to a certain extent, and broaden the maintenance range of low interfacial tension. The combined effects and synergies in the oil displacement process enhance oil recovery and allow it to adapt to a wider range of reservoir conditions. In this paper, the high surface active polymer-surfactant flooding formula suitable for the Chang 6 reservoir in Ansai Oilfield was evaluated. The general technical index of the viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluid and the composite flooding surfactant were evaluated. The technical requirements are evaluation criteria, and comprehensive evaluation is made from several aspects such as salt tolerance, interfacial tension and emulsifying properties.

scholarly journals Approaches to establishing voltage control requirements for distributed generation units

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Pavel Ilyushin ◽  
Petr Berezovskiy ◽  
Sergey Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Reactive Power Control ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Generating Equipment

Analysis of Russian national regulation and technical standards requirements for generating equipment participation in voltage and reactive power control in the power system carried out. Summary of some international experience in voltage control organization under conditions of distributed generation units’ deep integration in public grid is presented in article. Advantages of voltage and reactive power control automation over decentralized and poorly coordinated control are substantiated. Problematic aspects of distributed generation units (including RES) integration, as well as ENTSO-E approaches to voltage and reactive power control in the synchronous zone of continental Europe are considered. Technical requirements of Deutsch and Danish regulations, regarding participation of distributed generation facilities in voltage control are given. Approaches to establishing voltage control requirements for distributed generation units’ operation with national power system are presented.

Applicability Research on Evaporative Cooling Technology in Hunan Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 1679-1683
Author(s):  
Qin Ouyang ◽  
Guang Xiao Kou ◽  
Min Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System

According to the climate conditions of Hunan province and the design parameters related to air conditioning, the energy consumption and the related characteristics of the liquid desiccant evaporative cooling system (LDECS) are compared with primary return air conditioning system. The results show that energy consumption of LDECS can be decreased by 11.78% compared to the primary return air system. LDECS has a certain degree of energy saving potential in Hunan province, especially when waste heat is available.

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