scholarly journals Climate Change Effect on Building Performance: A Case Study in New York

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3160
Author(s):  
Kristian Fabbri ◽  
Jacopo Gaspari ◽  
Licia Felicioni
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New York ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Winter Time ◽  
Indoor Comfort

The evidences of the influence of climate change (CC) in most of the key sectors of human activities are frequently reported by the news and media with increasing concern. The building sector, and particularly energy use in the residential sector, represents a crucial field of investigation as demonstrated by specific scientific literature. The paper reports a study on building energy consumption and the related effect on indoor thermal comfort considering the impacts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2018 report about temperature increase projection. The research includes a case study in New York City, assuming three different scenarios. The outcomes evidence a decrease in energy demand for heating and an increase in energy demand for cooling, with a relevant shift due to the summer period temperature variations. The challenge of the last decades for sustainable design was to increase insulation for improving thermal behavior, highly reducing the energy demand during winter time, however, the projections over the next decades suggest that the summer regime will represent a future and major challenge in order to reduce overheating and ensure comfortable (or at least acceptable) living conditions inside buildings. The growing request of energy for cooling is generating increasing pressure on the supply system with peaks in the case of extreme events that lead to the grid collapse and to massive blackouts in several cities. This is usually tackled by strengthening the energy infrastructure, however, the users’ behavior and lifestyle will strongly influence the system capacity in stress conditions. This study focuses on the understanding of these phenomena and particularly on the relevance of the users’ perception of indoor comfort, assuming the IPCC projections as the basis for a future scenario.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate Change on the Future of Heritage Buildings: Case Study and Applied Methodology

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Harold Enrique Huerto-Cardenas ◽  
Niccolò Aste ◽  
Claudio Del Pero ◽  
Stefano Della Torre ◽  
Fabrizio Leonforte
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Masonry Building ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Heritage Buildings

Heritage buildings and the precious artworks contained therein, represent inestimable cultural and artistic evidence from the past that must be properly preserved for future generations. In the last decades, climate change has gained relevance and is becoming crucial to assess the building performance under such effect to provide timely mitigation actions to preserve our cultural heritage. In this regard, this paper outlines a method that combines different experimental activities and tools to forecast possible future risks due to climate change for the conservation of the artworks and provide its application in a relevant case study in Italy, the Duomo di Milano. In detail, the suggested method consists of the monitoring of the building indoor climate to validate a simulation model, defining possible future scenarios based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections, and evaluation of the future conservation risks of the main artworks. The results of the analysis carried out, show that for some artworks (e.g., stone sculptures, some organic materials, etc.), the conservation conditions will not worsen compared to the current situation, while for others (e.g., paintings, wooden objects, etc.) the risk of deterioration is expected to increase substantially. This study helps to understand how the future climate can affect the indoor environment of a huge masonry building and allow to plan targeted mitigation strategies aimed to reduce the future risks.

Naphtha storage fraction and green house gas emissions in the Korean petrochemical industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-937
Author(s):  
Hi-Chun Park ◽  
Martin K Patel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Specific Storage ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Net Exports ◽  
Green House Gas ◽  
Large Production

This paper shows for a Korean case study how the naphtha storage fraction and CO2 emissions from naphtha use in the petrochemical industry can be estimated. We have used the Non-Energy use Emission Accounting Tables model to estimate CO2 emissions by subtracting the carbon stored in products from the total carbon input. We also value the country’s naphtha storage fraction by calculating carbon storage in basic chemicals. The naphtha storage fraction and associated CO2 emissions from non-energy use depend on the production and trade structure of a country. Therefore, it is reasonable for Korea (with its large production and net exports of chemicals) to estimate a county-specific storage fraction. The naphtha storage fraction estimated using the Non-Energy use Emission Accounting Tables model was over 90% in Korea between 2011 and 2015. It is much higher than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change default fraction of 75%. A revision of the naphtha storage fraction from 75 to 90% is proposed for Korea. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change allows countries to apply their own values that more accurately represent their country’s situation. The Korean government is advised to consider this finding in its national emission accounting.

scholarly journals Overheating Risk and Energy Demand of Nordic Old and New Apartment Buildings during Average and Extreme Weather Conditions under a Changing Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3972
Author(s):  
Azin Velashjerdi Farahani ◽  
Juha Jokisalo ◽  
Natalia Korhonen ◽  
Kirsti Jylhä ◽  
Kimmo Ruosteenoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Cooling Unit ◽  
Indoor Conditions

The global average air temperature is increasing as a manifestation of climate change and more intense and frequent heatwaves are expected to be associated with this rise worldwide, including northern Europe. Summertime indoor conditions in residential buildings and the health of occupants are influenced by climate change, particularly if no mechanical cooling is used. The energy use of buildings contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions. It is, therefore, necessary to analyze the effects of climate change on the overheating risk and energy demand of residential buildings and to assess the efficiency of various measures to alleviate the overheating. In this study, simulations of dynamic energy and indoor conditions in a new and an old apartment building are performed using two climate scenarios for southern Finland, one for average and the other for extreme weather conditions in 2050. The evaluated measures against overheating included orientations, blinds, site shading, window properties, openable windows, the split cooling unit, and the ventilation cooling and ventilation boost. In both buildings, the overheating risk is high in the current and projected future average climate and, in particular, during exceptionally hot summers. The indoor conditions are occasionally even injurious for the health of occupants. The openable windows and ventilation cooling with ventilation boost were effective in improving the indoor conditions, during both current and future average and extreme weather conditions. However, the split cooling unit installed in the living room was the only studied solution able to completely prevent overheating in all the spaces with a fairly small amount of extra energy usage.

scholarly journals Modelling Future Agricultural Mechanisation of Major Crops in China: An Assessment of Energy Demand, Land Use and Emissions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6636
Author(s):  
Iván García Kerdan ◽  
Sara Giarola ◽  
Ellis Skinner ◽  
Marin Tuleu ◽  
Adam Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Global Emissions

Agricultural direct energy use is responsible for about 1–2% of global emissions and is the major emitting sector for methane (2.9 GtCO2eq y−1) and nitrous oxide (2.3 GtCO2eq y−1). In the last century, farm mechanisation has brought higher productivity levels and lower land demands at the expense of an increase in fossil energy and agrochemicals use. The expected increase in certain food and bioenergy crops and the uncertain mitigation options available for non-CO2 emissions make of vital importance the assessment of the use of energy and the related emissions attributable to this sector. The aim of this paper is to present a simulation framework able to forecast energy demand, technological diffusion, required investment and land use change of specific agricultural crops. MUSE-Ag & LU, a novel energy systems-oriented agricultural and land use model, has been used for this purpose. As case study, four main crops (maize, soybean, wheat and rice) have been modelled in mainland China. Besides conventional direct energy use, the model considers inputs such as fertiliser and labour demand. Outputs suggest that the modernisation of agricultural processes in China could have the capacity to reduce by 2050 on-farm emissions intensity from 0.024 to 0.016 GtCO2eq PJcrop−1 (−35.6%), requiring a necessary total investment of approximately 319.4 billion 2017$US.

scholarly journals All change for climate change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony R Walker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New York ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
Single Use

Governments, corporations and individuals all need to take immediate action to help change the global economy toward a circular economy. A circular economy which uses fewer resources and based on renewable clean technologies to help limit global warming to 1.5 °C. The 2018 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report warned that limiting global warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels would require current greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions to be cut in half by 2030. Yet actions by governments, corporations and individuals are lagging behind. Many countries are failing their obligations made under the 2015 Paris climate agreement. Even the International Maritime Organization, a United Nations agency set a 50% reduction target of GHG emissions for global shipping by 2050, but this falls short of the IPCC target by 20 years. The United Nations climate summit in New York this week (September 2019) needs to send a strong wake up call to the entire world for us all to change. Change makers like Greta Thunberg has already done that. Individual actions to change consumer behaviour can play a major role to help reduce GHG emissions. Even reducing use of single-use plastics (a petroleum derivative) and incineration can help reduce GHG emissions. GHG emissions from plastics could reach 15% of the global carbon budget by 2050 if not curbed. In Europe, plastic production and incineration emits an estimated ~400 million tonnes of CO2 per year. Therefore, reducing single-use plastic use could curb GHG emissions.

scholarly journals Climate change communication programs – a case study for local government managers in Thuan An district, Binh Duong province

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Tuan Ngoc Le ◽  
Trang Thi Thu Dien
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Community Awareness ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Management Capacity ◽  
Communication Programs

95% of the causes of climate change (CC), according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), are rooted from human activities. Raising community awareness is, thus, the primary solution to the issue. This research aims to develop communication programs to raise public awareness of CC, a case study in Thuan An District. The context, object properties, information gaps, and communication demand, etc. have been surveyed and documented. Thereby, the CC communication programs were proposed, including: objectives, messages, media, and compatible communication activities, etc. The communication materials (manuals, posters, training books, etc.) were also compiled accordingly. This model can be expanded in other areas, contributing to improvement of managers’ awareness and management capacity, and then being more proactive in coping to the current situation of CC in the province.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Potential Impacts Due to Urban Pluvial Floods in Badalona (Spain) in a Context of Climate Change

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz ◽  
Luca Locatelli ◽  
María Guerrero ◽  
Beniamino Russo ◽  
Montse Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Pluvial Flooding ◽  
The City ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Pluvial flooding in Badalona (Spain) occurs during high rainfall intensity events, which in the future could be more frequent according to the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this context, the present study aims at quantifying the potential impacts of climate change for the city of Badalona. A comprehensive pluvial flood multi risk assessment has been carried out for the entire municipality. The assessment has a twofold target: People safety, based on both pedestrians’ and vehicles’ stability, and impacts on the economic sector in terms of direct damages on properties and vehicles, and indirect damages due to businesses interruption. Risks and damages have also been assessed for the projected future rainfall conditions which enabled the comparison with the current ones, thereby estimating their potential increment. Moreover, the obtained results should be the first step to assess the efficiency of adaptation measures. The novelty of this paper is the integration of a detailed 1D/2D urban drainage model with multiple risk criteria. Although, the proposed methodology was tested for the case study of Badalona (Spain), it can be considered generally applicable to other urban areas affected by pluvial flooding.

scholarly journals Green Roofs as Effective Tools for Improving the Indoor Comfort Levels of Buildings—An Application to a Case Study in Sicily

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cirrincione ◽  
Maria La Gennusa ◽  
Giorgia Peri ◽  
Gianfranco Rizzo ◽  
Gianluca Scaccianoce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Comfort Levels ◽  
Indoor Comfort ◽  
The Impact

In the line of pursuing better energy efficiency in human activities that would result in a more sustainable utilization of resources, the building sector plays a relevant role, being responsible for almost 40% of both energy consumption and the release of pollutant substances in the atmosphere. For this purpose, techniques aimed at improving the energy performances of buildings’ envelopes are of paramount importance. Among them, green roofs are becoming increasingly popular due to their capability of reducing the (electric) energy needs for (summer) climatization of buildings, hence also positively affecting the indoor comfort levels for the occupants. Clearly, reliable tools for the modelling of these envelope components are needed, requiring the availability of suitable field data. Starting with the results of a case study designed to estimate how the adoption of green roofs on a Sicilian building could positively affect its energy performance, this paper shows the impact of this technology on indoor comfort and energy consumption, as well as on the reduction of direct and indirect CO2 emissions related to the climatization of the building. Specifically, the ceiling surface temperatures of some rooms located underneath six different types of green roofs were monitored. Subsequently, the obtained data were used as input for one of the most widely used simulation models, i.e., EnergyPlus, to evaluate the indoor comfort levels and the achievable energy demand savings of the building involved. From these field analyses, green roofs were shown to contribute to the mitigation of the indoor air temperatures, thus producing an improvement of the comfort conditions, especially in summer conditions, despite some worsening during transition periods seeming to arise.

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