scholarly journals Review of Dynamic Positioning Control in Maritime Microgrid Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Mehrzadi ◽  
Yacine Terriche ◽  
Chun-Lien Su ◽  
Muzaidi Bin Othman ◽  
Juan C. Vasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
Dynamic Positioning System ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Progressive Technology

For many offshore activities, including offshore oil and gas exploration and offshore wind farm construction, it is essential to keep the position and heading of the vessel stable. The dynamic positioning system is a progressive technology, which is extensively used in shipping and other maritime structures. To maintain the vessels or platforms from displacement, its thrusters are used automatically to control and stabilize the position and heading of vessels in sea state disturbances. The theory of dynamic positioning has been studied and developed in terms of control techniques to achieve greater accuracy and reduce ship movement caused by environmental disturbance for more than 30 years. This paper reviews the control strategies and architecture of the DPS in marine vessels. In addition, it suggests possible control principles and makes a comparison between the advantages and disadvantages of existing literature. Some details for future research on DP control challenges are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals A Review of Life Extension Strategies for Offshore Wind Farms Using Techno-Economic Assessments

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1936
Author(s):  
Benjamin Pakenham ◽  
Anna Ermakova ◽  
Ali Mehmanparast
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas

The aim of this study is to look into the current information surrounding decommissioning and life extension strategies in the offshore wind sector and critically assess them to make informed decisions upon completion of the initial design life in offshore wind farms. This was done through a two-pronged approach by looking into the technical aspects through comprehensive discussions with industrial specialists in the field and also looking into similar but more mature industries such as the Offshore Oil and Gas sector. For the financial side of the assessment, a financial model was constructed to help portray a possible outcome to extend the life for a current offshore wind farm, using the existing data. By employing a techno-economic approach for critical assessment of life extension strategies, this study demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy and looks to inform the offshore wind industry the best course of action for current wind farms, depending on their size and age.

scholarly journals Fault Ride Through Strategy for Offshore Wind Farm Integration System via MMC-HVDC

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 03083
Author(s):  
Zhang Lijun ◽  
Zhong Yujun ◽  
Chen Rui ◽  
Sun Yikai ◽  
Zhang Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Integration System ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Bus Voltage ◽  
Grid Side ◽  
Wind Farm Integration

When offshore wind power is transmitted to ac grid through MMC-HVDC, the current and voltage will be quite different from those in traditional ac grid during grid side fault. This paper sets up an offshore wind farm integration system via MMC-HVDC and designs control strategies for each unit in the system. The fault ride through strategy of the system is proposed and its effectiveness has been verified. Thus, the AC bus voltage on wind farm side will stay stable during AC side fault. Once the chopper resistance is set properly, the output power and current of the wind farm can basically remain unchanged, which can successfully achieve fault isolation. The simulation results based on PSCAD have verified the theoretical analysis.

Coatings for corrosion under insulation (CUI) protection—accelerated testing methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Neil Wilds
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Performance Benchmarking ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosion Under Insulation

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a serious issue in the oil and gas industry, with failures often occurring without warning and having devastating effect. When expensive redesign is not possible or practical, operators have a number of options open to them to mitigate the risk of CUI; these include the use of various protective coatings or thermally sprayed metals. Despite a number of technologies presently available, the industry is yet to establish an accepted laboratory test method for the performance benchmarking of products. This has, in the past, damaged confidence in some solutions and hampered the selection and further development of CUI coatings. As a result, the subject of accelerated laboratory testing for CUI coatings is now receiving significant attention across the industry with joint industry programs proposed in both Europe and North America. This paper will examine state-of-the-art accelerated CUI testing, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods available. It will then offer a detailed description of a test method that has been in use since 2004, testing more than 300 specimens and assessing a wide range of coating technologies. The reproducibility of the test program will be established by the presentation of a range of data including results obtained from a third-party test house. The third-party results will then be correlated with a seven-year case study from an end user perspective provided by Santos, a major Australian oil and gas exploration and production company, from experiences at their Port Bonython facility in SA.

Computation of Drift Forces for Dynamic Positioning Within the Very Early Design Stage of Offshore Wind Farm Installation Vessels

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H. Augener ◽  
Stefan Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Drift Forces

The German government has decided upon the changeover from fossil and nuclear based electrical power generation to renewable energies. Following from this offshore wind farms are erected in the exclusive economic zones of Germany. For the transportation and installation as well as the maintenance of the wind turbine generators very specialized vessels are needed. The capability of dynamic positioning even in very harsh weather conditions is one of the major design tasks for these vessels. For this reason it is important to know the external loads on the ships during station keeping already in the very early design stage. This paper focuses on the computation of wave drift forces in regular and irregular waves as well as in natural seaway. For validation the results of the introduced calculation procedure are compared to measured drift force data from sea-keeping tests of an Offshore Wind Farm Transport and Installation Vessel.

Cooperative Search and Exploration in Robotic Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwen Hu ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Lihua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Control ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Robotic Networks ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
New Research

Great potentials of robotic networks have been found in numerous applications such as environmental monitoring, battlefield surveillance, target search and rescue, oil and gas exploration, etc. A networked multi-robot system allows cooperative actions among robots and can achieve much beyond the summed capabilities of each individual robot. However, it also poses new research and technical challenges including novel methods for multi-agent data fusion, topology control and cooperative path planning, etc. In this paper, we review recent developments in cooperative control of robotic networks with focus on search and exploration. We shall first present a general formulation of the search and exploration problem, and then divide the overall search strategy into different modules based on their functions. Methods and algorithms are illustrated and compared following the classification of the modules. Moreover, a 3D simulator developed in our laboratory is introduced and its application is demonstrated by experiments. Finally, challenges and future research in this area are provided.

Time-Domain Dynamic Analysis for Dynamic Positioning System of Deepwater Semi-Submersible

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4518-4522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ping Sun ◽  
Shu Long Cai ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Dynamic Positioning System ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Thrust Allocation

Semi-submersible plays an important role in ocean oil and gas exploitation. This paper carried out some researches for the dynamic positioning system (DPS) of a deep water semi- submersible. Mathematic modal was made, and a special program was created with M-language for the time-domain dynamic analysis of the dynamic positioning system of the deep water semi-submersible, on basis of the mathematic modal. PID control strategy, kalman filtering theory and optimal thrust allocation method were used in the analysis. Simulation result indicated the DPS of this platform is safe and efficient.

scholarly journals Multi-Disciplinary and Multi-Scale Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Structure in a Tidal System

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurore Raoux ◽  
◽  
Ilan Robin ◽  
Jean-Philippe Pezy ◽  
Anne-Claire Bennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Marine Renewable Energy

The French coast of the Atlantic and English Channel (EC) is promising for the development of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE), including wind, wave, and tidal stream, due to the high velocity of currents in some parts of the area. This paper, focusing on wind and tidal energy, discusses how the implementation of MRE converters influences biodiversity, and vice versa, through biofouling and reef effects. The understanding of these interactions requires the knowledge of the hydro-sedimentary conditions and the macrofauna. The research on these topics, performed at the Continental and Coastal Morphodynamic laboratory (M2C) (UNICAEN, France), is presented through a multi-disciplinary approach by i) studying the hydrodynamic conditions and the macrofauna in Alderney Race, ii) studying the biofouling effects on tidal turbines and their influence on the turbulent wake, iii) assessing the hydro-sedimentary impacts induced by the offshore wind farm, like scouring, and iv) taking an ecosystem approach on MRE, such as the reef effect. From an ecological perspective, the reef effect can be responsible for changes in the structure and function of the ecosystem. Although several studies have analyzed this effect at the species-or community-scale, the propagation of the reef effect at the ecosystem-scale remains unclear. Thus, understanding these ecosystem-scale effects is urgent for future research. From an engineering perspective, biofouling changes the structural characteristics (i.e., supplementary mass) of the converters and thus, affects their performance.

The Experiences From the First Rounds of Offshore Wind Farm Installation in the German EEZ (Both Baltic and North Sea) and Lessons Learnt to Achieve Serial Production Status: A Consultant’s Perspective

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekkehard Stade
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Near Misses ◽  
Construction Operation

Offshore wind farms present a lesser safety risk to operators and contractors than traditional oil and gas installations. In the post Macondo world this does not come as a surprise since the risks involved in construction, operation and maintenance of an offshore wind farm are by far lower. Even with higher probability of incidents and near misses (due to serial construction) the severity/ impact of those is considerably lower. On the other hand projects are complex, profit margins are what they are called: marginal. Hence there is no room for errors, perhaps in form of delays. If, for example, the installation completion of the turbines and the inner array cabling/ export cables are not perfectly in tune, the little commercial success that can be achieved is rapidly diminishing by costly compensation activities. The paper will try to present solutions to the most pressing challenges and elaborate on the effect those would have had, had they been implemented at the beginning of the projects. How can a sustainable new industry evolve by learning from established industries? Presently, there is a view that offshore wind is a short-lived business. Particularly representatives of the oil and gas industry raise such concern. Apart from the obvious bias of those voices, this controversy is also caused by the fact that offshore wind seems to have a tendency to try and re-invent the wheel rather than using established procedures. Even with a relatively stable commitment to the offshore wind development regardless of the respective government focus within European coastal states the industry suffers from financing issues, subsidies, over-regulation due to lack of expertise within authorities and other challenges. The avoidance of those is key to a successful development for this industry in other areas of the planet. In conjunction with a stable commitment this is essential in order to attract the long lead-time projects and to establish the complex supply chains to achieve above goals. The paper will look at the short but intensive history of the industry and establish mitigation to some of the involved risks of offshore wind farm EPCI.

Calculation of the Dynamic Positioning Capability of an Offshore Wind Farm Vessel During the Jack-Up Process in the Early Design Stage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Liebert
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Offshore Industry ◽  
Jack Up

Abstract As a consequence of the planned exit from fossil-based energy in the European Union the exploitation of renewable energies has become a major aspect of the Offshore Industry. Especially the construction and operation of offshore wind energy turbines pose a challenge which is met by the use of jack-up vessels with extendible legs. In order to dimension the vessel’s manoeuvring devices in the early design stage and to ensure a safe jack-up process for given environmental loads the dynamic positioning capability during the jacking including the influence of the legs has to be calculated. As part of the development of a holistic dynamic analysis this paper presents the implementation of the legs’ influence in an existing manoeuvring method. The manoeuvring method solves the equations of motion in three degrees of freedom (surge, sway, yaw). It is based on a force model which comprises various modular components. Therefore another component for the leg-forces is added. A Morison approach is chosen to calculate the hydrodynamic forces on the cylindrical legs. The legs’ hydrodynamic added masses are accounted for and added to the hull’s inertial terms. The benefit of the presented method is the possibility to calculate the dynamic positioning capability with extended legs without being dependent on the results of either time-consuming or non-specific model tests. Therefore the method represents a fast computing tool to design the vessel for the specific environmental conditions of the site of operation.

Experiment-Scale Multi-Vessel Dynamic Positioning System for the Twin-Lift Decommissioning Operation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqiu Fu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Meng Yuan ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Dynamic Positioning ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Dynamic Positioning System ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Set Up

Abstract In general, the lifetime of the offshore oil and gas platform is about 20–30 years, and a large number of oil and gas platforms is approaching the end of their service. So, how to decommission these oil and gas platforms safely and cleanly becomes an urgent problem for the oil and gas industry and related organizations. And the costs for decommissioning equipment and services are expected to be as low as possible. It is important to develop the innovative removal techniques to reduce the overall cost of decommissioning. In this paper, we propose a new concept to remove large and heavy structures with a single lift, utilizing three semi-submerged vessels. The main process of the twin-lift solution for decommissioning includes two semi-submerged vessels lifting the topside together, and then carrying the topside to the third semi-submerged vessel. This method is simple in principle and does not require the manufacture of new special vessels, only needs to make simple modifications to existing semi-submerged vessels. It requires high positioning accuracy especially under environmental disturbances to ensure the safety of transportation. To ensure efficiency and safety, we develop a dynamic positioning (DP) system and perform a wave tank test for such a twin-lift decommissioning solution. Some aspects of an experimental facility set-up for scaled model test with dynamic positioning system are described. It includes the topology of the experiment and details of the deck mating, DP and monitoring system.

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