Classical Control for Unequal DC Sources Five-Level Inverter-Based SHE Technique

This study proposes a classical control algorithm for solving the transcendental set of equations for the unequal DC sources of five-level multilevel inverters (MLIs). Such sources can be generated from renewable energy sources. Two DC sources with different values are used to produce an output voltage with five levels. Then, a set of two transcendental equations is formulated with two targeted functions to control the fundamental component and cancel the stipulated single harmonic order. The proposed solution uses a simple classical proportional control with two loops to generate two switching angles. The first switching angle is assigned with an initial value, whereas the second one is calculated from the inner loop. The outer loop is used to cancel the specified harmonic by sending the error signal to the proposed proportional control that tunes the switching angles. The proposed algorithm is easy, fast, and accurate, and has a wide-range solution in terms of modulation index (MI ) and input DC source ratio (x=V1V2≤1). The proposed algorithm is tested for a wide range of MI and x to verify its feasibility. Moreover, several simulation and laboratory tests are presented to further validate the applicability of the proposed approach.

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Automation of Process Control in Chemical Plant

ACMIT Proceedings ◽

10.33555/acmit.v2i1.3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 6-12

Author(s):

Agus Sugiarta ◽

Houtman P. Siregar ◽

Dedy Loebis

Keyword(s):

Process Control ◽

Pid Control ◽

Control Algorithm ◽

Chemical Engineering ◽

Chemical Plant ◽

Raw Material ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Material Supply ◽

Wide Range ◽

Inherent Problem

Automation of process control in chemical plant is an inspiring application field of mechatronicengineering. In order to understand the complexity of the automation and its application requireknowledges of chemical engineering, mechatronic and other numerous interconnected studies.The background of this paper is an inherent problem of overheating due to lack of level controlsystem. The objective of this research is to control the dynamic process of desired level more tightlywhich is able to stabilize raw material supply into the chemical plant system.The chemical plant is operated within a wide range of feed compositions and flow rates whichmake the process control become difficult. This research uses modelling for efficiency reason andanalyzes the model by PID control algorithm along with its simulations by using Matlab.

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MOSAIK and FMI-Based Co-Simulation Applied to Transient Stability Analysis of Grid-Forming Converter Modulated Wind Power Plants

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11052410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 2410

Author(s):

Nakisa Farrokhseresht ◽

Arjen A. van der Meer ◽

José Rueda Torres ◽

Mart A. M. M. van der Meijden

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Time Domain ◽

Power Plants ◽

Transient Stability ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Primary Control ◽

Simulation Approach ◽

Wide Range ◽

Grid Side

The grid integration of renewable energy sources interfaced through power electronic converters is undergoing a significant acceleration to meet environmental and political targets. The rapid deployment of converters brings new challenges in ensuring robustness, transient stability, among others. In order to enhance transient stability, transmission system operators established network grid code requirements for converter-based generators to support the primary control task during faults. A critical factor in terms of implementing grid codes is the control strategy of the grid-side converters. Grid-forming converters are a promising solution which could perform properly in a weak-grid condition as well as in an islanded operation. In order to ensure grid code compliance, a wide range of transient stability studies is required. Time-domain simulations are common practice for that purpose. However, performing traditional monolithic time domain simulations (single solver, single domain) on a converter-dominated power system is a very complex and computationally intensive task. In this paper, a co-simulation approach using the mosaik framework is applied on a power system with grid-forming converters. A validation workflow is proposed to verify the co-simulation framework. The results of comprehensive simulation studies show a proof of concept for the applicability of this co-simulation approach to evaluate the transient stability of a dominant grid-forming converter-based power system.

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Modelling and control of manipulators with flexible links working on land and underwater environments

Robotica ◽

10.1017/s0263574710000305 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 461-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Levent Gümüşel ◽

Nurhan Gürsel Özmen

Keyword(s):

Fuzzy Control ◽

Control Method ◽

Robot Manipulator ◽

Control Methods ◽

Control Laws ◽

Linear Ordinary Differential Equations ◽

Intelligent Technique ◽

Wide Range ◽

Classical Control ◽

And Control

SUMMARYIn this study, modelling and control of a two-link robot manipulator whose first link is rigid and the second one is flexible is considered for both land and underwater conditions. Governing equations of the systems are derived from Hamilton's Principle and differential eigenvalue problem. A computer program is developed to solve non-linear ordinary differential equations defining the system dynamics by using Runge–Kutta algorithm. The response of the system is evaluated and compared by applying classical control methods; proportional control and proportional + derivative (PD) control and an intelligent technique; integral augmented fuzzy control method. Modelling of drag torques applied to the manipulators moving horizontally under the water is presented. The study confirmed the success of the proposed integral augmented fuzzy control laws as well as classical control methods to drive flexible robots in a wide range of working envelope without overshoot compared to the classical controls.

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QoE-Aware Smart Home Energy Management Considering Renewables and Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11092304 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2304 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mingfu Li ◽

Guan-Yi Li ◽

Hou-Ren Chen ◽

Cheng-Wei Jiang

Keyword(s):

Energy Management ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Smart Home ◽

Control Algorithm ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Peak Load ◽

Electricity Bill ◽

Home Energy Management ◽

Smart Appliance ◽

User Comfort

To reduce the peak load and electricity bill while preserving the user comfort, a quality of experience (QoE)-aware smart appliance control algorithm for the smart home energy management system (sHEMS) with renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EV) was proposed. The proposed algorithm decreases the peak load and electricity bill by deferring starting times of delay-tolerant appliances from peak to off-peak hours, controlling the temperature setting of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), and properly scheduling the discharging and charging periods of an EV. In this paper, the user comfort is evaluated by means of QoE functions. To preserve the user’s QoE, the delay of the starting time of a home appliance and the temperature setting of HVAC are constrained by a QoE threshold. Additionally, to solve the trade-off problem between the peak load/electricity bill reduction and user’s QoE, a fuzzy logic controller for dynamically adjusting the QoE threshold to optimize the user’s QoE was also designed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed smart appliance control algorithm with a fuzzy-controlled QoE threshold significantly reduces the peak load and electricity bill while optimally preserving the user’s QoE. Compared with the baseline case, the proposed scheme reduces the electricity bill by 65% under the scenario with RES and EV. Additionally, compared with the method of optimal scheduling of appliances in the literature, the proposed scheme achieves much better peak load reduction performance and user’s QoE.

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Numerical Model for the Analysis of Thermal Transients in District Heating Networks

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202019701004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 01004

Author(s):

Martina Capone ◽

Elisa Guelpa ◽

Vittorio Verda

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Management Strategies ◽

District Heating ◽

Equivalent Model ◽

Computational Time ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Thermal Transients ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Wide Range

As District Heating (DH) networks are experiencing an evolution towards the so-called 4th generation, there is a need to update the currently used models to take into account the ever-increasing complexity of this technology. Indeed, to further improve the reduction in energy consumption and carbon-dioxide emissions, a wide range of technologies and management strategies are being introduced within district heating, such as a large exploitation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). As a consequence, thermal transients assume a major importance, posing the need to redefine the relevant physical parameters and to develop a model which accurately describes their behaviour. In this framework, this paper proposes a quantitative analysis of the influence of the pipe heat-capacity on the model. Moreover, an equivalent-model, which is able to take into account the two heat capacities of steel and water in just one equation, is proposed and compared with two commonly used approaches. One of the features of the proposed model is the suitability for application to large networks. To prove its capabilities, an application to the Turin district heating network, which is among the largest systems in Europe, is proposed. Results show significant improvements in terms of accuracy over computational time ratio.

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A Novel Method for Tuning PID Controller

Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences ◽

10.24237/djes.2013.06106 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 62-74

Author(s):

Abidaoun H. shallal ◽

Rawaa A. Karim ◽

Osama Y. Al-Rawi

Keyword(s):

Computer Technology ◽

Pid Control ◽

Pid Controller ◽

Control Algorithm ◽

The Novel ◽

Operation Conditions ◽

Wide Range ◽

Novel Method ◽

Mechanical Performances ◽

Dc Servomotor

Proportional integral derivative (PID) control is the most commonly used control algorithm in the industry today. PID controller popularity can be attributed to the controller’s effectiveness in a wide range of operation conditions, its functional simplicity, and the ease with which engineers can implement it using current computer technology . In this paper,the Dc servomotor model is chosen according to his good electrical and mechanical performances more than other Dc motor models , discuss the novel method for tuning PID controller and comparison with Ziegler - Nichols method from through parameters of transient response of any system which uses PID compensator

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Open-closed Iterative Learning Control Algorithm for Exoskeleton Rehabilitation Purposes

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201929201010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 292 ◽

pp. 01010

Author(s):

Mihailo Lazarević ◽

Nikola Živković ◽

Darko Radojević

Keyword(s):

Iterative Learning Control ◽

Control Algorithm ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Learning Control ◽

Open Loop ◽

Iterative Learning ◽

Control Law ◽

Exact Linearization ◽

Outer Loop ◽

Control Scheme

The paper designs an appropriate iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm based on the trajectory characteristics of upper exosk el eton robotic system. The procedure of mathematical modelling of an exoskeleton system for rehabilitation is given and synthesis of a control law with two loops. First (inner) loop represents exact linearization of a given system, and the second (outer) loop is synthesis of a iterative learning control law which consists of two loops, open and closed loop. In open loop ILC sgnPDD2 is applied, while in feedback classical PD control law is used. Finally, a simulation example is presented to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed advanced open-closed iterative learning control scheme.

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Review of nature and biologically inspired metaheuristics for greenhouse environment control

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control ◽

10.1177/0142331220909010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

pp. 2338-2358 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paulo Moura Oliveira ◽

EJ Solteiro Pires ◽

José Boaventura-Cunha ◽

Tatiana Martins Pinho

Keyword(s):

Control Algorithm ◽

Multiple Objective ◽

Biologically Inspired ◽

Control Applications ◽

Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithm ◽

Current Trends ◽

Wide Range ◽

Engineering Problems ◽

Environment Control ◽

Optimisation Techniques

A significant number of search and optimisation techniques whose principles seek inspiration from nature and biology phenomena have been proposed in the last decades. These methods have been successfully applied to solve a wide range of engineering problems. This is also the case of greenhouse environment control, which has been incorporating this type of techniques into its design. This paper addresses evolutionary and bio-inspired methods in the context of greenhouse environment control. Algorithm principles for reference techniques are reviewed, namely: simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, differential evolution and particle swarm optimisation. The last three techniques are considered using single and multiple objective formulations. A review of these algorithms within greenhouse environment control applications is presented, considering single and multiple objective problems, as well as their current trends.

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Interaction Between EL5 and EL6 in Bulk GaAs

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-378-935 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 378 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hiroyuki Shiraki ◽

Yutaka Tokuda ◽

Koichi Sassa

Keyword(s):

Pulse Duration ◽

Carrier Density ◽

Initial Value ◽

Bulk Gaas ◽

Single Level ◽

Wide Range ◽

Capacitance Voltage ◽

Voltage Transient ◽

Transient Spectroscopy ◽

Electron Occupation

AbstractThe interaction between EL5 and EL6 in the n-type bulk GaAs have been observed by using isothermal constant-capacitance voltage transient spectroscopy (CCVTS). Each CCVTS spectrum of EL5 and EL6 was broader than a theoretical one expected for a single level, and was found to be consistently interpreted by two main trap components. With the increase of the filling pulse duration in a wide range, one component of EL6 decreased to about 50 % of its initial value, while one component of EL5 increased and saturated. This variation in peak heights could be reversed by controlling electron occupation fractions of EL5 and EL6 by application of two adjacent filling pulses. Such interaction between both levels was commonly observed in n-type bulk GaAs independent of carrier density.

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Renewable Energy-Aware Sustainable Cellular Networks with Load Balancing and Energy-Sharing Technique

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12229340 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 9340

Author(s):

Md. Sanwar Hossain ◽

Khondoker Ziaul Islam ◽

Abu Jahid ◽

Khondokar Mizanur Rahman ◽

Sarwar Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Load Balancing ◽

Outage Probability ◽

Cellular Networks ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Green Energy ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Wide Range ◽

Energy Sharing

With the proliferation of cellular networks, the ubiquitous availability of new-generation multimedia devices, and their wide-ranging data applications, telecom network operators are increasingly deploying the number of cellular base stations (BSs) to deal with unprecedented service demand. The rapid and radical deployment of the cellular network significantly exerts energy consumption and carbon footprints to the atmosphere. The ultimate objective of this work is to develop a sustainable and environmentally-friendly cellular infrastructure through compelling utilization of the locally available renewable energy sources (RES) namely solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and biomass generator (BG). This article addresses the key challenges of envisioning the hybrid solar PV/WT/BG powered macro BSs in Bangladesh considering the dynamic profile of the RES and traffic intensity in the tempo-spatial domain. The optimal system architecture and technical criteria of the proposed system are critically evaluated with the help of HOMER optimization software for both on-grid and off-grid conditions to downsize the electricity generation cost and waste outflows while ensuring the desired quality of experience (QoE) over 20 years duration. Besides, the green energy-sharing mechanism under the off-grid condition and the grid-tied condition has been critically analyzed for optimal use of green energy. Moreover, the heuristic algorithm of the load balancing technique among collocated BSs has been incorporated for elevating the throughput and energy efficiency (EE) as well. The spectral efficiency (SE), energy efficiency, and outage probability performance of the contemplated wireless network are substantially examined using Matlab based Monte–Carlo simulation under a wide range of network configurations. Simulation results reveal that the proper load balancing technique pledges zero outage probability with expected system performance whereas energy cooperation policy offers an attractive solution for developing green mobile communications employing better utilization of renewable energy under the proposed hybrid solar PV/WT/BG scheme.

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