scholarly journals Willow Cultivation as Feedstock for Bioenergy-External Production Cost

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4799
Author(s):  
Ewelina Olba-Zięty ◽  
Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski ◽  
Michał Krzyżaniak ◽  
Kazimierz Warmiński
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
External Cost ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Biomass remains one of the most important materials for the production of renewable energy in the European Union. Willow can be one of the sources of biomass, and its production can also be profitable on soils with low quality. A proper selection of raw material for energy production should be based not only on the cost effectiveness or crop yield, but also on the environmental impact and the cost it incurs. The aim of this work was to evaluate the external environmental costs of the production of willow chips of seven willow genotypes, produced for energy generation on marginal cropping lands. The environmental external costs of chips production were estimated against the amount of emissions calculated according to the LCA method (ReCiPe Midpoint) and its monetary value. The external environmental cost of willow chips production amounted to €212 ha−1 year−1, which constituted 23% of the total production cost of willow chips. The external cost of production of 1 Mg d.m. of willow chips for the best yielding variety averaged €21.5, which corresponded to 27% of the total production cost. The research demonstrated that a proper selection of an optimal variety may lead to the reduction of the external cost.

ANALISIS USAHA PEMBESARAN IKAN NILA DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA DI DESA SUMBERSUKO JAYA BELITANG OKU TIMUR

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Sudarti
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Total Family Income ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Farmer Income ◽  
The Village ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study is to: (1) Calculate the cost, income and income of farmers from the business of nila tilapia in Sumbersuko Jaya Village in Belitang Sub-District, OKU Timur Regency, (2) Knowing the contribution contribution of tilapia farmer income to household income in Sumbersuko Jaya Village, Belitang District, East OKU Regency. This research was conducted in Sumbersuko Jaya Village, Belitang District, East OKU Regency. The selection of the location of this study is determined purposively with the consideration that the village of Sumbersuko Jaya is one of the villages in Belitang sub-district which most of the population is as rice farmers and there are some farmers who do the business of tilapia fish. This research will be conducted in June 2014. This research found that total production cost incurred in the effort of tilapia farming in Sumbersuko Jaya Village Belitang OKU Timur subdistrict is Rp 8.009.219 / Lg / Process, business acceptance of Rp 14.471.696 / Lg / Process so that income received is Rp 6.462.476 / Lg / Process. The value of R / C ratio is 1.8 which indicates that the business of nila tilapia enlargement is beneficial and the contribution of tilapia nil product revenues to total family income in one month is included in medium criterion, with contribution percentage amounted to 39,10%. This is due to the efforts of tilapia fish enlargement is still a side business not as a main business.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN BUDIDAYA IKAN GURAME DI DESA KEDUNG REJO BUAY MADANG TIMUR KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Yudi Zuriah
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Total Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Village ◽  
Selection Of

The objectives of this research are: (1) To calculate the cost, income and income earned by farmers in gouramy cultivation in every production process, (2) To analyze the feasibility of gouramy culture in Kedung Rejo Village Buay Madang Timur OKU Timur. This research was conducted in Kedung Rejo Village, Buay Madang Timur Sub-district, East OKU Regency. Selection of places chosen purposively with the consideration that the village of Kedung Rejo including the village that some farmers there who cultivate gourami. The study was conducted in February 2014. The study found that the total production cost incurred in gouramy fish culture amounted to Rp 19,316,827.00 per process, receipt during one production process of Rp 35,020,333.00, so the income received was Amounting to Rp 15.703.507,00 per process. The R / C ratio is 1.77 indicating the profitability of the carp cultivation and the value of NPV is Rp 20,871,523, the IRR value is 42% and the value of Net B / C is 1.79 which shows the cultivation of a proper gouramy (Feasible) to be developed.

scholarly journals Analisis Penentuan Beban Pokok Produksi Pada Usaha Tempe Sumber Mas Jember

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Luqman Arif Baihaqi ◽  
Imam Mas'ud ◽  
Yosefa Sayekti
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Cost Control ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Business Cost

This study aims to find out the system of business cost control of Tempe Sumber Mas. A Controling based difference between the calculation of the cost of production with cost of production of tempe using full costing. and This research uses Descriptive by Source and Technique Triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the cost control system used by the company is still simple and the calculation of the cost of production of tempe using full costing method is greater than calculate the total production cost used in the tempe production process. Keywords: Expense, Cost of Production, Full Costing, Cost Control

scholarly journals CALCULATION OF PRODUCTION COST IN UD. USAHA BARU WITH FULL COSTING METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
Suprianto Suprianto ◽  
Bina Andari ◽  
Yely Sulistyawati
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to evaluate the calculation of cost of production. The accuracy of the calculation of cost of production is influenced by the suitability in the accumulation and calculation of production costs which includes the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs and other costs (factory overhead costs). This research was conducted at UKM UD. Usaha Baru which aims to determine the calculation of cost of production at UD. Usaha Baru and to find out whether the calculation of cost of production is in accordance with the full costing method. The technique (method) of data analysis used in this study is quantitative analysis. Data collection techniques use interview techniques directly to obtain information from the number of units of monthly production, raw material costs, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs, as well as other information relating to the calculation of cost of production. Based on the evaluation results for the calculation of raw material costs and labor costs are in accordance with the full costing method. However, the calculation of factory overhead costs is not in accordance with the full costing method because there are costs that have not been included in the calculation of production costs.

scholarly journals The effect of changes in opportunity costs and prices of some agricultural products such as sugar beet, corn,wheat etc. used for bioethanol production on the cost of bioethanol production is not adequately known in Turkey.. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the bioethanol production cost items and unit production costs and also to put forth the effects of variations in raw material prices on cost of bioethanol.. The research data were collected via personal interviews from active bioethanol plants in Turkey. The results of previous studies and documents of related institutions and organizations were also used. The study followed classical cost analysis approach to calculate production cost. Scenario analysis was performed when exploring the effect of raw material prices on bioethanol production cost. Research findings showed that production cost per litre bioethanol produced from sugar beet molasses, corn, wheat and corn-wheat mixture were 2.50 TL, 2.84 TL, 2.95 and 2.84 TL, respectively. The share of raw material expenses in bioethanol cost per liter varied associated with the crops used in the process, it was 28.55% for bioethanol produced from sugar beet molasses, 44.81% for bioethanol produced from corn-wheat mixture and 44.87% bioethanol produced from corn. The research results also showed that the changes that occur in raw material prices significantly affected the bioethanol production cost and opportunity cost of crops created difficulties in biomass supply. Implementing the suitable policies and strategies and making the necessary arrangements in legislation would enhance the economic sustainability of bioethanol production in Turkey.

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
Selime Canan ◽  
Vedat Ceyhan
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Beet Molasses ◽  
Sugar Beet Molasses ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN DAN TITIK IMPAS TERNAK AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER DAN AYAM BROILER DI DESA BANGUN HARJO BUAY MADANG TIMUR OKU TIMUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Imam Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Research Plan ◽  
Average Revenue ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Village

The objectives of this research are to: (1) To analyze the cost, income and income of chicken and chicken cattle in Bangu Harjo Village, Buay Madang Timur District, OKU Timur Regency, (2) To analyze whether broiler and joper cattle cultivated in Bangun Harjo Village, Buay Madang Timur Sub-district, OKU Timur Regency is beneficial, (3) To analyze break even point of broiler and joper livestock business in Bangun Harjo Village, Buay Madang Timur District, OKU Timur Regency. This research has been conducted in Bangun Harjo Village, Buay Madang Timur District, East OKU Regency. Site selection is done purposively with the consideration that in the village is able to represent from the existing population and have the criteria of research plan. Bangun Harjo village is a village whose majority population live as farmers and there are some farmers who seek the cultivation of super chicken (joper) and broiler (broiler). The study was conducted in June 2015. The study found that the total production cost incurred in the poultry livestock business in Bangun Harjo Village in one production process amounted to Rp 13,963,744, the average revenue was Rp 22,920,000 so that income Received amounted to Rp 8,956,256. The value of R / C ratio is 1.64 indicating that the chicken livestock business is profitable. The total production cost incurred in the broiler business in Bangun Harjo Village in one production process is Rp 30,609,006, the average revenue is Rp 54,676,250, so the income received is Rp 24,067,224. The value of R / C ratio is 1.79 indicates that the business of broiler livestock is profitable and BEP value of livestock production volume of chicken joper is 349 head, while the value of BEP price is Rp 24.569 / Tail and BEP value of broiler chicken production volume is equal to 2.017 Kg, while the BEP value of the price is Rp 8,496 / Kg which shows that the business of chicken and broiler cattle in Bangun Harjo Village is feasible financially.

scholarly journals Effect of workforce diversity on the cost-effectiveness of milk production systems participating in the “full bucket” program

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Marcos Aurelio Lopes ◽  
Flavio De Moraes ◽  
Francisval Melo Carvalho ◽  
Fabio Raphael Pascotti Bruhn ◽  
Andre Luis Ribeiro Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Net Margin ◽  
The Cost

This study aimed to analyze the effect of each workforce type on the cost-effectiveness of 20 dairy farms participating in the “Full Bucket” program, from January to December 2011, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. A stepwise multiple linear regression was used to identify the production cost components that most affected net margin, profitability, and cost-effectiveness. Workforce type influenced both profitability and cost-effectiveness, as well as total production cost. Economic analysis showed that farms with a hired workforce had the lowest total unit costs and a positive result. This way, the activity is able to produce in the long term and farmers are capitalizing. The farms that adopted mixed and family workforce had a positive net margin and a negative result, obtaining conditions to produce in the medium term. The highest representativeness on the items of effective operating cost in the family workforce stratum, in a descending order, were food, miscellaneous expenses, and energy. The most representative items in the mixed and hired workforce strata were food, workforce, and miscellaneous expenses.

scholarly journals Analisis Perhitungan Dan Penentuan Harga Pokok Produksi Pada PT. Mutifa Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
John Fisher Gulo ◽  
Kamil Mustafa ◽  
Ninny Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

<p>The cost of production is needed to determine the cost of production of a product. Costs incurred to produce the product must be clear, so that the determination of the cost of production would be appropriate. Imprecision in calculating the cost of production will be misleading in making management decisions. Data collection methods used in this study include: Documentation, Interview, Observation. This study analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis comparing the theory with actual results of the company. PT MUTIFA in determining the cost of production using the full costing method. PT MUTIFA in determining the cost of production, all costs incurred are treated as production costs, both the cost of major raw materials, cost of auxiliary materials, packaging materials costs and production overhead. Classification of production costs in accordance with the theory that exists is composed of material costs, labor costs and production overhead costs. Total production cost per month of each element calculation the average monthly cost is Rp. 73.111.118,260,- and the average number of finished products Paracetamol tablet 500 mg tablet is as much 566,666.67 per month. Based on data on average production costs in 2009, then the production cost per tablet is .Rp. 129,019.</p>

scholarly journals Optimasi perencanaan produksi menggunakan metode linier goal programming (studi kasus pada UD. Koing)

Compiler ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Marni Astuti ◽  
Suhanto Suhanto ◽  
Renaldy Setya Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Goal Programming ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Plan ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Manufacture Company ◽  
Optimum Production ◽  
Production Target

Small Medium Enterprise (SME) industry hold significant role in economic development. In order to be competitive in competition, industry demanded to be able to make optimum production plan for fulfilling the customer needs. UD KOING as one of product made based skin manufacture company from time to time demanded to maximize profit production-target volume, formulating model problems and optimization of raw material. The answer of all those challenges are by using goal programming method, where this method can achieve more than one goal only. Based on the data procession, that the company tarvet can be achieved thrugh the company profit  IDR 7.089.620 and total production cost is IDR 16.635.380 by  producing  wallet total 51 pcs, purse 9 pcs, nametag 13 pcs, pouch 15pcs  and necklace 14 pcs.

scholarly journals How will climate alter efficiency objectives? Simulated impact of using recent versus historic european weather data for the cost-optimal design of nearly zero energy buildings (NZEBs)

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04051
Author(s):  
Delia D’Agostino ◽  
Danny S. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

Achieving “nearly zero energy buildings” (NZEB) has been established as a vital objective over the next decade within the European Union (EU) [1,2]. Previous work has shown that a series of very cost effective thermal efficiency measures, equipment, appliance and renewable energy choices are available across climates to reach the NZEB objective. Resulting detailed energy and economic optimization findings have been obtained and published [3,4]. One area that has just begun to be explored, however, is how selection of weather files and their application against coming climate change can influence outcomes from energy optimization procedures.

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