scholarly journals Effect of Insulation on the Energy Demand of a Standardized Container Facility at Airports in Spain under Different Weather Conditions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5263
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Feijoo ◽  
Pedro Orgeira-Crespo ◽  
Elena Arce ◽  
Andrés Suárez-García ◽  
José Roberto Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Shipping Containers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Airports, broadly spread world-wide, present continuously increasing energy demands for heating and cooling purposes. Relocatable facilities within them could be built on recycling shipping containers provided with the right insulation layer, to reduce the outstanding consumption of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems (HVAC). This research focuses on studying the effect of added insulation on the thermal performance of a construction in the scope of an airport facility, based on a recycled shipping container. Passive heating and cooling insulation strategies have shown good results in terms of energy savings. A series of simulations were performed along six different Spanish airports locations, selected to represent several climate conditions. Temperature evolution inside the container, and energy demands of the HVAC system were obtained to show that the insulation provided by phase change materials (PCM) is performing better than traditional insulation, or a raw container. Although there are slight behavior differences according to the climate, PCM can increase inside temperature even with no HVAC under certain circumstances.

scholarly journals Energy Renovation of Buildings the Skin of a Building 70’s Housing Developments in Barcelona Montbau’s Housing Developments Renovation

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-64
Author(s):  
Josep M. Rieradevall i Pons ◽  
Jaume Avellaneda i Diaz Grande ◽  
Jaume Roset i Calzada
Keyword(s):  
Internal Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Different Characteristics

This study, considering the current conditions of our planet, proposes to analyze how efficient is to renovate building skins to meet energy, economic, and CO2 emission criteria. A building envelope is the part of a building that is most exposed to weather conditions and therefore it has an impact on the internal energy demand of its inhabitants so that they can comfortably there. Studying building skins and their status in terms of energy, economic costs, and CO2 emissions will allow renovation to produce benefits in the medium and long-term. This study was conducted in the neighborhood of Montbau, a housing development of around 30 buildings, each with different characteristics, built in the 70’s and currently having energy losses through their skins, which results in a high demand of internal energy for heating and cooling purposes, in addition to doubled emission of CO2e released into the atmosphere. Improvements are proposed to adapt the conditions of these buildings. Two solutions are proposed in addition to evaluating energy costs caused by CO2e emissions and any other economic costs year 2012. Other studies analyze the behavior of buildings already implementing such solutions and their corresponding energy, emission, and economic reductions. The importance of such studies lays on the need to analyze options such as renovation instead of considering demolition as an alternative, and to suggest the future building of housing developments in pro of the sustainability of our planet and offer an alternative for a sustainable future, housing and shelter under optimal conditions. The figures herein offer solid results in terms of expenses, costs and energy savings, as well as the reduction of CO2 emissions released into the atmosphere. The graphs and tables here contained offer a clear reading and suggest topics for further research and even for starting up building projects, both locally and worldwide.

scholarly journals Energy Analysis of a Dual-Source Heat Pump Coupled with Phase Change Materials

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2933
Author(s):  
Michele Bottarelli ◽  
Francisco Javier González Gallero
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Heat Exchangers ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Dual Source

Installation costs of ground heat exchangers (GHEs) make the technology based on ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHPs) less competitive than air source heat pumps for space heating and cooling in mild climates. A smart solution is the dual source heat pump (DSHP) which switches between the air and ground to reduce frosting issues and save the system against extreme temperatures affecting air-mode. This work analyses the coupling of DSHP with a flat-panel (FP) horizontal GHE (HGHE) and a mixture of sand and phase change materials (PCMs). From numerical simulations and considering the energy demand of a real building in Northern Italy, different combinations of heat pumps (HPs) and trench backfill material were compared. The results show that PCMs always improve the performance of the systems, allowing a further reduction of the size of the geothermal facility. Annual average heat flux at FP is four times higher when coupled with the DSHP system, due to the lower exploitation. Furthermore, the enhanced dual systems are able to perform well during extreme weather conditions for which a sole air source heat pump (ASHP) system would be unable either to work or perform efficiently. Thus, the DSHP and HGHE with PCMs are robust and resilient alternatives for air conditioning.

scholarly journals Compatibility Tests between Three Commercially Available Organic PCMs and Metals Typically Used in Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5172
Author(s):  
Paulina Rolka ◽  
Jaroslaw Karwacki ◽  
Maciej Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Surface Changes

Energy storage is one of the most effective ways to increase energy savings and efficiency of heating and air conditioning systems. Phase change materials (PCMs) are increasingly used in latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems to increase their capacity. In such systems, costs are a very important factor of viability so the typical heat transfer elements like fin-and-tube heat exchangers are used to construct the LHTES. The problem of this approach is a possibility of corrosion of metals in contact with PCM that shortens the life cycle of LHTES. Therefore, the main objective of this work is an experimental study of the compatibility of metals typically used in fin-and-tube heat exchangers (copper and aluminum) with three commercially available organic PCMs (RT15, RT18HC, and RT22HC). Compatibility of PCMs with copper and aluminum was tested for a period of approximately two months, during which a total of 35 heating and cooling cycles were carried out, each with a complete phase transition of the tested materials. In the course of the tests it was assessed whether the PCM caused corrosion of the tested metals. The evaluation was based on the gravimetric method, calculation of corrosion rate, and visual observations and measurements of the features on the metal sample’s surface using optical microscope. It was determined that RT15, RT18 HC, and RT22 HC show low corrosion rates for aluminum and copper samples. The visual tests indicate that there was no change in the PCM solutions during the tests, only a sediment was observed for the samples with the combination of copper and aluminum. Microscopic examination of the surface of the samples did not show any significant surface changes, except for the aluminum samples, on the surface of which local microdefects were observed. It follows from the present results that copper and aluminum can be used to design the heat transfer surface in contact with the chosen PCMs.

A Case Study of Energy Saving by CCHP Technology in a Hospital

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands

This paper describes a study that starts with an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by a case study of a CCHP system. The CCHP idea is of an autonomous system for the combined generation of electrical, heating, and cooling energy in a hospital. The driving units are two high-efficiency gas engines that produce the electrical and heat energy. A gas engine meets the requirement for high electrical and heating energy demands; a natural gas-fuelled reciprocating engine is used to generate 735 kW of power. In our case, the electrical energy was used only in the hospital. A deficit in electricity can be covered by purchasing power from the public network. Generated steam drives three steam-fired absorption chillers and is delivered to individual heat consumers. This system can provide simultaneous heating and cooling. No technical obstacles were identified for implementing the CCHP. The typical patterns for driving units of CCHP were decided by the hourly energy demands in several seasons throughout the year. The average ratio between electric and thermal loads in the hospital is suitable for CCHP system operation. An analysis performed for a non-optimized CCHP system predicted a large potential for energy savings and CO2 reduction.

scholarly journals Energy Performance Assessment of Innovative Building Solutions Coming from Construction and Demolition Waste Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Beatriz Fraga-De Cal ◽  
Antonio Garrido-Marijuan ◽  
Olaia Eguiarte ◽  
Beñat Arregi ◽  
Ander Romero-Amorrortu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
The Impact

Prefabricated solutions incorporating thermal insulation are increasingly adopted as an energy conservation measure for building renovation. The InnoWEE European project developed three technologies from Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) materials through a manufacturing process that supports the circular economy strategy of the European Union. Two of them consisted of geopolymer panels incorporated into an External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) and a ventilated façade. This study evaluates their thermal performance by means of monitoring data from three pilot case studies in Greece, Italy, and Romania, and calibrated building simulation models enabling the reliable prediction of energy savings in different climates and use scenarios. Results showed a reduction in energy demand for all demo buildings, with annual energy savings up to 25% after placing the novel insulation solutions. However, savings are highly dependent on weather conditions since the panels affect cooling and heating loads differently. Finally, a parametric assessment is performed to assess the impact of insulation thickness through an energy performance prediction and a cash flow analysis.

Energy Saving by ESCO (Energy Service Company) Project in Japanese Hospital

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Service Company ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Service ◽  
Energy Service Company

This paper describes a study starting from an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by the case study of a cogeneration system (CGS) by an ESCO (Energy Service Company) project. The concept is a future autonomous system for the combined generation of electrical, heating and cooling energy in the hospital. The driving cogeneration units are two high-efficiency gas engines; this is used to produce the electrical and heat energy. Gas engine is used as a driving unit because of high needs for electrical and heating energy. The natural gas-fuelled reciprocating engine is used to generate 735kW of power. In our case electrical energy will be used only in the Hospital. A deficit in electricity can be also purchased from the public network. The generated steam will be used to drive three steam-fired absorption chillers and delivered to individual consumers of heat. This system is capable of doing simultaneous heating and cooling. No obstacles were recognized for the technical feasibility of CGS. The average ratio between electric and thermal load in the Hospital is suitable to make CGS system operate. An analysis performed for a non-optimized CGS system predicted a large potential for energy savings.

scholarly journals Joint Analysis of Cost and Energy Savings for Preliminary Design Alternative Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7507
Author(s):  
Carlo Iapige De Gaetani ◽  
Andrea Macchi ◽  
Pasquale Perri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
The Impact

The building sector plays a central role in addressing the problem of global energy consumption. Therefore, effective design measures need to be taken to ensure efficient usage and management of new structures. The challenging task for designers is to reduce energy demands while maintaining a high-quality indoor environment and low costs of construction and operations. This study proposes a methodological framework that enables decision-makers to resolve conflicts between energy demand and life cycle costs. A case study is analyzed to validate the proposed method, adopting different solutions for walls, roofs, floors, windows, window-to-wall ratios and geographical locations. Models are created on the basis of all the possible combinations between these elements, enriched by their thermal properties and construction/management costs. After the alternative models are defined, energy analyses are carried out for an estimation of consumption. By calculating the total cost of each model as the sum of construction, energy and maintenance costs, a joint analysis is carried out for variable life cycles. The obtained results from the proposed method confirm the importance of a preliminary assessment from both energy and cost points of view, and demonstrate the impact of considering different building life cycles on the choice of design alternatives.

scholarly journals Optimization of building form and its fenestration in response to microclimate conditions of an urban area

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 19002
Author(s):  
Kavan Javanroodi ◽  
Vahid M. Nik ◽  
Yuchen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Building Form ◽  
Microclimate Conditions

Designing building form in urban areas is a complicated process that demands considering a high number of influencing parameters. On the other hand, there has been an increasing trend to design highly fenestrated building envelopes for office buildings to induce higher levels of natural lighting into the workspace. This paper presents a novel optimization framework to design high-performance building form and fenestration configuration considering the impacts of urban microclimate in typical and extreme weather conditions during a thirty-year period of climate data (2010-2039). In this regard, based on the introduced technique and algorithm, the annual energy demand and thermal comfort of over 8008 eligible form combinations with eight different fenestration configurations and seven different building orientation angels were analysed in a detailed urban area to find optimal design solutions in response to microclimate conditions. Results showed that adopting the framework, annual heating, and cooling demand can be reduced by 21% and 38% while maintaining thermal comfort by taking design-based decisions at the early stages of design.

scholarly journals Energy Audit and Analysis of an Institutional Building under Subtropical Climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazed Yasin Ghadi ◽  
Ali M. Baniyounes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Heating And Cooling Load

<p>Evaluation and estimation of energy consumption are essential in order to classify the amount of energy used and the way it is utilized in building. Hence, the possibility of any energy savings potential and energy savings opportunities can be identified. The intention of this article is to study and evaluate energy usage pattern of the Central Queensland University campus’ buildings, Queensland, Australia. This article presents the field survey results from the audit of an office building and performance-related measurements of the indoor environmental parameters, for instance, indoor air temperature, humidity and energy consumption concerned to the indoor heating and cooling load. Monthly observed energy usage information was employed to investigate influence of the climate conditions on energy usage.</p>

scholarly journals The Significance of Building Design for the Climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman Albatayneh ◽  
Dariusz Alterman ◽  
Adrian Page ◽  
Behdad Moghtaderi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Climates

Abstract Building design is important for saving energy and reducing GHG emissions by applying passive solar heating and cooling design principles and using the right materials and appropriate design tools. This will make the home healthier and more comfortable. The design of energy efficient and sustainable buildings is critical for the future. A key aspect of any design is the realistic and accurate prediction of the performance of the building under a wide range of weather conditions. This paper examines the effect of different climate zones in Australia (which are comparable to the world's major climates) on the thermal performance of a complete building and recommended design techniques to suit each climate zone to enhance the overall thermal performance. To examine the effect of the location (different climates) on the overall thermal performance and how a good design in one location may not be suitable at another location, AccuRate will be used to assess the thermal performance for the exact module in different climates zones to allow a fair comparison to find the appropriate design for the climate where the building is located. Also, in this research, each climate zone design requirements and techniques were addressed for various climate variables (including: solar radiation, rainfall, wind speed and direction and humidity) to design sustainable building which save great amount of energy while sustaining occupants thermal comfort.

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