scholarly journals Estimation of the Compressive Strength of Corrugated Cardboard Boxes with Various Openings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Tomasz Garbowski ◽  
Tomasz Gajewski ◽  
Jakub Krzysztof Grabski
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Critical Force ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard ◽  
Hole Dimensions

This paper presents mixed analytical/numerical method for estimating the static top-to-bottom compressive strength of corrugated packaging with different ventilation openings and holes, in which the torsional and shear stiffness of corrugated cardboard as well as the panel depth-to-width ratio are included. Analytical framework bases on Heimerls assumption with a modification to a critical force, which is here computed by a numerical algorithm. The proposed method is compared herein with the successful McKee formula and is verified with the large number of experiment results of various packaging designs made of different qualities of corrugated cardboard. The results show that, for various hole dimensions or location of openings in no-flap and flap boxes, the estimation error may be reduced up to three times than in the simple analytical approach.

scholarly journals The Role of Buckling in the Estimation of Compressive Strength of Corrugated Cardboard Boxes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Garbowski ◽  
Tomasz Gajewski ◽  
Jakub Krzysztof Grabski
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Force Estimation ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard ◽  
Precise Prediction

This paper presents analytical methods for estimating the static top-to-bottom compressive strength of simple corrugated packaging, in which the torsional and shear stiffness of corrugated cardboard as well as the panel depth-to-width ratio are included. The methods are compared herein with a basic and more detailed buckling description with the successful McKee formula, which is over fifty years old but still widely used among packaging designers and quality control departments. Additionally, the assumptions and applied simplifications used in the literature are analyzed, and the limits of applicability of different versions of the selected methods are checked. Finally, all approaches are verified with the experiment results of various packaging designs made of corrugated cardboard. The results show that, for certain proportions of dimensions of simple flap boxes, simplified methods give an even two times larger estimation error than the analytical approach proposed in the paper. Furthermore, it is evidenced that including all flexural, torsional and shear stiffnesses in the buckling force estimation gives a very precise prediction of the box compressive strength for the full range of package dimensions.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Compressive Strength of Corrugated Cardboard Boxes with Various Perforations

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095
Author(s):  
Tomasz Garbowski ◽  
Tomasz Gajewski ◽  
Jakub Krzysztof Grabski
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Analytical Formula ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard

This paper presents a modified analytical formula for estimating the static top-to-bottom compressive strength of corrugated board packaging with different perforations. The analytical framework is based here on Heimerl’s assumption with an extension from a single panel to a full box, enhanced with a numerically calculated critical load. In the proposed method, the torsional and shear stiffness of corrugated cardboard, as well as the panel depth-to-width ratio is implemented in the finite element model used for buckling analysis. The new approach is compared with the successful though the simplified McKee formula and is also verified with the experimental results of various packaging designs made of corrugated cardboard. The obtained results indicate that for boxes containing specific perforations, simplified methods give much larger estimation error than the analytical–numerical approach proposed in the article. To the best knowledge of the authors, the influence of the perforations has never been considered before in the analytical or analytical–numerical approach for estimation of the compressive strength of boxes made of corrugated paperboard. The novelty of this paper is to adopt the method presented to include perforation influence on the box compressive strength estimation.

Random Collocation Method (RCM)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Isshiki
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Collocation Method ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Weak Point ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovative Idea

Recently, young people’s concern on theory is becoming very poor. If there is a numerical procedure that is friendlier with theory, the distance between theory and calculation would be decreased much, and the interaction between them would become more active. When the geometry of the domain is simple, the traditional analytical method using function expansion is very convenient in many numerical problems. In many problems, it has given very useful solutions for various problems. However, its effectiveness is usually limited to simple geometries of the domain. In the past, a fusion of the analytical approach and computational one has not been pursued sufficiently. If it becomes possible, it may give a different paradigm for obtaining the numerical solution. In the present paper, an innovative idea named Random Collocation Method (RCM) is discussed on how to overcome the weak point of the traditional method by combining it with computational method. It is the purpose of the present paper to develop the simplest numerical method and to make the distance between the theory and numerical method as small as possible.

Corrugated Board Flute-Shaped Finite Element Analysis and Optimization

2013 ◽  
Vol 477-478 ◽  
pp. 1205-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Gai Mei Zhang ◽  
Da Zhi Liao ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard ◽  
Corrugated Structure

UV-shaped corrugated cardboard Fusion V-shaped and U-shaped structure the advantages made, to make up for the lack of V-type and two U-shaped corrugated cardboard, the higher the compressive strength, good elasticity, is widely used UV type corrugated manufacturing corrugated board. But no strict standards for UV-shaped concrete structure of corrugated board size parameter corresponding corrugating roll no uniform size of the corrugated shape, in order to achieve the best elasticity and compressive strength. First, by mathematical methods, the corrugated structure is analyzed, and analysis to facilitate research, to select the 1/4 cycle corrugated. Create multiple vertical auxiliary line level is divided into 10 equal parts, to identify key points in shape between the V-shaped and U-shaped curve, connecting into multiple segments curve. Studied the actual thickness of the corrugated board of 3.8mm, a smaller thickness and therefore a straight line can be connected to each group of the resultant key points simplify the corrugated curve, model 1/4 of a cycle of UV-shaped corrugated first determined, using the symmetry of the model to establish a cycle, 300mm side length of the square created by one cycle of replication, about 38 of the corrugated board corrugated cycle. Use of finite element analysis in ANSYS corrugated structure, including a gradual transition to a simplified model of the 11 U-shaped flute-shaped corrugated cardboard from the V-shaped set of material properties, loads are cloth pressure, research corrugated cardboard stress and strain, i.e., the smaller the radius of curvature of the curve can be obtained along corrugated, the closer the U-shaped, corrugated board having a larger strain, i.e. has good flexibility, consistent with the empirical data to prove the feasibility of this analysis method.

Comparative Study on the Hysteresis Performance of the Metal Rubber Vibration Isolating Bearing with Different Height-Width Ratio Parameter

2014 ◽  
Vol 1079-1080 ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Yan Guo Zhou ◽  
Jian Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Damping Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
Model Method ◽  
Metal Rubber ◽  
Hysteresis Properties ◽  
Selection Of

A new kind of Metal Rubber material vibration isolating bearing is developed and the MR bearings with three different height-width ratio are manufactured. The dynamic shear hysteresis properties of the MR bearings are tested. The theoretical dynamic model method is adopted for the comparative analysis. The experimental results shows that with the H-W ratio decrease, the effective shear stiffness and the effective damping capacity of MR vibration isolating bearing will increase, and the total energy dissipation increases greatly. The selection of the H-W ratio of the MR vibration isolating bearing become an important issue in the structural seismic isolation design.

Appropriation in Islamic State Propaganda: A Theoretical and Analytical Framework of Types and Dimensions

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-122
Author(s):  
Bernd Zywietz ◽  
Yorck Beese
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Media Work ◽  
Systematic Framework ◽  
Means Of Production

The concept of ‘appropriation’ offers an insightful analytical approach to so-called Islamic State’ (IS)’s media work and texts as propaganda. However, ‘appropriation’ bears a vast ambiguous range of meanings. Therefore, we propose three broad types of appropriation in order to clarify the term: interpretative, practical, and expressive appropriation. After discussing the notion of ISIS as an ideologically and epistemologically threatening ‘appropriator’ and criticizing the notion or metaphor of IS’s “Hollywood” propaganda we distinguish and exemplify different dimensions of appropriation in the area of IS’s ‘public relations’. By doing so and based on our research of IS video propaganda we aim to offer a systematic framework to describe and analyse jihadi communication as strategic or rhetoric communication as much as a cultural representative means of production and expression.

Adapting ANNs in SONREB Test to Estimate Concrete Compressive Strength

2018 ◽  
Vol 792 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Yu Ren Wang ◽  
Loan T.Q. Ngo ◽  
Yi Fan Shih ◽  
Yen Ling Lu ◽  
Yi Ming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Non Destructive

SONREB method is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method for estimating the concrete compressive strength. It is conducted by combining two popular NDT methods: ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test and rebound hammer (RH) test. Several researches have been attempted to find the correlation of the different testing method data with actual compressive strength. This research proposes a new Artificial Intelligence based approach, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), to estimate the concrete compressive strength using the UPV and RH test data. Data from a total of 315 cylinder concrete samples are collected to develop and validate the ANFIS prediction model. The model prediction results are compared with actual compressive strength using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). With the adaption of ANFIS, the estimation error of SONREB test can be reduced to 5.98% (measured by MAPE).

The study of the distributive mixing in converging channels: Numerical method and analytical approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 2285-2292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mostafaiyan ◽  
Sven Wiessner ◽  
Gert Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Analytical Approach

In-Plane Wave Propagation Through Elastic Solids With a Periodic Array of Rectangular Defects

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Scarpetta ◽  
M. A. Sumbatyan
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Periodic Array ◽  
Elastic Solids ◽  
Longitudinal Plane ◽  
Direct Numerical Method ◽  
Plane Wave Propagation

In the context of wave propagation in damaged (elastic) solids, an analytical approach is developed to study normal penetration of a longitudinal plane wave into a periodic array of rectangular defects. Reducing the problem to some integral equations holding over the base and height of the openings, a direct numerical method is applied to give a complete solution for various exact or approximated forms. Several figures show the peculiarities of the structure and lead to physical conclusions.

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