scholarly journals Economics of Battery Use in Agriculture: Economic Viability of Renewable Energy Complemented with Batteries in Agriculture

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2430
Author(s):  
Clemens Fuchs ◽  
Axel Poehls ◽  
Katharina Skau ◽  
Joachim Kasten
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
The Status ◽  
Price Relationships

The production of renewable energy fluctuates in terms of sun and wind and must be supplemented by storage in the system. On an individual basis, i.e., for centralized electricity production and predominantly self-consumption, the use of batteries is considered here. Possible future development scenarios were simulated based on current price relationships (status quo). In the status quo, a selling price for PV electricity of 13 Euro cents (ct)ct/kWh was assumed with a production cost of 11 ct/kWh. The selling price of wind power is 5 ct/kWh with a production cost of 3 ct/kWh. The cost of storing electricity in a battery increases the price by 33 ct/kWh. A price of 20 ct/kWh is assumed for electricity purchases by companies. In the status quo, the use of batteries is not economical given the assumed price relationships. Changing the framework conditions, such as those of the legislature in Germany with the nuclear power phase-out and in the EU with the coal exit and decarbonization, will lead to increased availability of (fluctuating) renewable electricity, especially during the day. The purchase of electricity at other times, when the supply is scarce, can lead to increased electricity prices, especially at night. Together with falling costs for storage, the use of batteries for centralized power generators could be very interesting in the future. The method used in this study is nonlinear optimization of the target function costs of electricity supply in the developed simulation model. The results can also be transferred to other countries, as the assumed trends apply worldwide.

scholarly journals Segmenting the South Korean Public According to Their Preferred Direction for Electricity Mix Reform

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9053
Author(s):  
Qingchang Li ◽  
Seungkook Roh ◽  
Jin Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The South ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
The Status ◽  
Electricity Mix

The current South Korean government headed by President Moon Jae-in has put a great deal of effort into electricity mix reform by pushing forward the phasing out of coal and nuclear power and the expansion of natural gas and new renewable energy in the country’s electricity generation processes. Noting the importance of understanding public responses to energy policy, the present study segmented the South Korean public according to their preferred direction for electricity mix reform using a nationwide sample. Through a series of latent class analyses, we extracted four distinct segments: Gradual Reformists, Drastic Reformists, Selective Gradual Reformists, and Status-quo Seekers. Overall, apart from the Status-quo Seekers segment (8.75%), support for the transition from coal and nuclear power to natural gas and new renewable energy seems to be the prevailing opinion of the Korean public. However, the degree of such preferences varies across the segments. In addition, regardless of the segment, the South Korean public generally seems to categorize the energy sources in a manner consistent with the underlying framework of the government’s electricity mix reform: they tend to treat coal and nuclear power similarly and natural gas and new renewable energy similarly.

OPTIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE TEXAS ELECTRICITY MARKET

2016 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1650010 ◽  
Author(s):  
WICHSINEE WIBULPOLPRASERT
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Welfare Gain ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
The Status

Renewable electricity subsidies have been popular policy instruments to combat climate change because of their ability to offset emissions. This paper studies the long-run welfare benefits of optimizing the design of the existing renewable energy subsidy (the status quo) in the presence of heterogeneity in the offset emissions. In particular, I measure the welfare gain from differentiating renewable subsidies across location and time to reflect the environmental benefits from emissions offset in the context of wind energy in the Texas electricity market. I find that the welfare gain from differentiation is small compared to the gain already achieved under the status quo subsidy. In contrast, the optimal emissions tax yields much larger welfare gain because it engages in other cost-effective emissions abatement channels that renewable energy subsidies do not: namely, demand conservation and cross-plant fuel substitution.

The Siren Song of Renewable Energy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Energy Needs

Renewable energy from the sun—which includes solar, wind, and water energy— can meet all of our energy needs and will allow us to eliminate our dependence on fossil fuels for electricity production. At least, that is the “Siren song” that seduces many people. Amory Lovins, the head of the Rocky Mountain Institute, has been one of the strongest proponents of getting all of our energy from renewable sources (what he calls “soft energy paths”) (1) and one of the most vociferous opponents of nuclear power. A recent article in Scientific American proposes that the entire world’s needs for power can be supplied by wind, solar, and water (2). Is this truly the nirvana of unlimited and pollution-free energy? Can we have our cake and eat it, too? Let’s take a critical look at the issues surrounding solar and wind power. Let me be clear that I am a proponent of solar energy. I built a mountain cabin a few years ago that is entirely off the grid. All of the electricity comes from solar photovoltaic (PV) panels with battery storage. The 24 volt DC is converted to AC with an inverter and is fed into a conventional electrical panel. It provides enough energy to power the lights, run a 240 volt, three-quarter horsepower water pump 320 feet deep in the well, and electrical appliances such as a coffee pot, toaster, and vacuum cleaner. But I am not implying that all of my energy needs come from solar. The big energy hogs—kitchen range, hot water heater, and a stove in the bedroom—are all powered with propane. Solar is not adequate to power these appliances. In 2010 I also had a 2.5 kW solar PV system installed on my house that ties into the utility grid. When the sun is shining, I use the electricity from the solar panels, and if I use less than I generate, it goes out on the grid to other users. If it does not produce enough for my needs, then I buy electricity from the grid.

Design Study of Small Gas Cooled Fast Nuclear Power Plant for Synergetic Energy System with Renewable Energy by Employing Pump Storage

2014 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaki Suud
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Design Study

Design study of a synergetic system among small long life gas cooled fast reactors and renewable energy has been performed. A pump storage system is the center in the integration among considered energy sources. Using this system many renewable energy sources and the small nuclear power plant can be integrated to produce reliable energy sources which can be used for electricity production, desalination, etc. In this system each energy source can store energy by contributing pumping water from a low level reservoir to a high level reservoir. The nuclear power plant module must satisfy inherent safety requirement, and have flexibility in producing electricity, clean water (through desalination), etc. The reactor can be operated for 25 years without the necessity to refuel during that period. To achieve inherent safety capability it is important to minimized excess reactivity during burn-up to be below delayed neutron fraction value so that super prompt critical accident such as in Chernobyl accident case can be avoided. Here minimization of excess reactivity is carried out by adjusting core and blanket region width and plutonium enrichment in core regions.

Analysis of Sustainable Deep Groundwater Development Scenarios in Huantai County

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3040-3044
Author(s):  
Shi Lei Chen ◽  
Xue Yuan Li ◽  
Kai Bian ◽  
Ying Wang Zhao ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
The Status ◽  
Exploitation Status

On the basis of the geology and hydrogeology, a three-dimensional numerical groundwater model in the study area was developed to evaluate the deep groundwater resources and avoid the groundwater level declining. According to the long-term water supply plan, water resources characteristics and exploitation status quo of Huantai county, three kinds of groundwater utilization scheme had been designed. The best sustainable groundwater exploitation scheme is determined by using the numerical model to simulate three kinds of mining schemes and analyze the corresponding groundwater flow field. The result shows that maintaining the status quo mining conditions will make the groundwater level decline further. Only reducing industrial exploitation and keeping domestic water mining can improve the conditions, but still difficult to solve the problem. The aim of utilization of deep groundwater can achieve only by reducing disordered water exploitation for production and living.

scholarly journals Caught in the middle? Creating and contesting intermediary spaces in low-carbon transitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-133
Author(s):  
Bregje van Veelen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Governance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Intermediary Organisations

The distributed nature of renewable energy has given rise to new forms and scales of energy governance, in particular the emerging role of households and community organisations in generating and distributing renewable energy. Accompanying this trend has been the emergence of intermediary organisations, whose role it is to mediate between these actors cf. the market and the state, with the aim to move from local experimentation to widespread transformational change. While in recent years a significant body of research has emerged that has considered intermediary functions, less is known about intermediary spaces. By tracing how intermediary spaces are shaped, negotiated, protected, and expanded, this article makes three contributions to the literature on energy governance and low-carbon intermediaries. First, a focus on the relational nature of intermediary spaces challenges the community/state binary in energy governance. Second, it highlights the power dynamics behind these emergent relational spaces; showing such spaces are not neutral, but produced through social relations within and beyond them, affecting the functions that intermediaries seek to fulfil. Third, it provides an understanding of how the ever-changing nature of intermediary spaces can also enable new spaces for action to emerge and challenge the status quo.

scholarly journals The status quo’s role in improving the estimation of willingness to pay in choice experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Alexandru MAXIM ◽  
Teodora ROMAN
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Dual Model ◽  
The Status

European household consumers have seen a gradual increase in the cost of their electricity bill, partly due to ambitious support policies for the development of renewable energy. Some consumers may have a higher willingness to pay (WTP) for clean energy, which could constitute a competitive advantage for electricity suppliers branding themselves as “sustainable”.A discrete choice experiment has been used in order to estimate the WTP of households for renewable energy. For the last decade, researchers have debated whether to add a “status quo” / “not willing to pay for changes” option in the experimental design, as this may generate complications and not add sufficient benefits.In this paper we use an original approach based on two parallel model estimations applied to the same sample of respondents in order to demonstrate the effect of adding a “status quo” option. Our results show that not including it would have led to an overestimation of about one third of the respondents‟ WTP.While more research on the topic is needed, we demonstrate the risk of simplifying the experimental design and propose a facile method of enhancing the experiment with a dual model design.Keywords: discrete choice experiment, status quo, renewable energy, household consumers, willingness to pay

scholarly journals Nuclear Energy: An Ethical Use of Resources

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahrul Khair Alang Md Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Turbo Generator ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

Energy is the lifeblood of development, but its amount is finite. It can neither be created nor destroyed; but it can be converted from one form to another. The conversion changes the state of the resources and the change generally is not reversible. Nuclear energy steadily contributes about sixteen percent to global total electricity demand. Its application for electricity production is expected to increase due to dwindling natural resources, concern for greenhouse gaseous emission, and the limited capability of renewable energy and biofuels to be major energy resources. Nuclear energy, however, is plagued with ever presence public perception issues, some are real some are due to misperceptions. The trio of accidents: Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and most recently, Fukushima, however has slightly dampened the prospect. Nuclear energy makes use of uranium, an element that has no peaceful applications other than to be used in nuclear power reactors to generate heat or neutrons, produce steam, and drive turbo-generators for electricity production. Other resources, such as oil, coal, and gas have multiplicity of uses that cannot be substituted by uranium. On that premise, this paper argues that the use of nuclear energy is an ethical choice. This choice overrides considerations such as waste, complexity, and safety that are often projected as reasons for avoiding it altogether. Those considerations are of scientific and engineering dimensions that mankind has to wrestle and overcome as the khalifah. In so doing, proper education and ethical use of knowledge become imperative.   ABSTRAK: Tenaga adalah nadi pembangunan, tetapi jumlahnya terbatas. Ia tidak boleh dicipta atau dimusnahkan; tetapi ia boleh ditukar dari satu bentuk ke bentuk lain. Pertukaran bentuk ini mengubah keadaan sumber tenaga dan perubahan tersebut tidak boleh ditukarbalik. Tenaga nuklear menyumbang kira-kira enam belas peratus kepada jumlah permintaan elektrik global. Keperluan tenaga elektrik dijangka meningkat kerana pengurangan sumber asli, kebimbangan atas pelepasan gas rumah hijau, dan keupayaan biofuel dan tenaga boleh diperbaharui untuk menjadi sumber tenaga utama. Namun begitu, tenaga nuklear sentiasa dibelenggu oleh isu-isu persepsi umum, sebahagiannya benar dan sebahagian lagi disebabkan oleh salah anggap. Ketiga-tiga kemalangan nuklear: Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, dan baharu-baharu ini, Fukushima, bagaimanapun menjejaskan sedikit prospek berkenaan. Tenaga nuklear menggunakan uranium, suatu unsur yang tidak mempunyai sebarang kegunaan aman selain daripada digunakan dalam reaktor nuklear untuk menjana neutron atau haba, menghasilkan wap, dan memacu turbo-generator yang mengeluarkan elektrik. Sumber-sumber lain seperti minyak, arang batu dan gas mempunyai pelbagai kegunaan yang tidak boleh digantikan oleh uranium. Atas hujjah itu, rencana ini mengutarakan bahawa penggunaan tenaga nuklear adalah pilihan yang beretika. Pilihan ini mengatasi pertimbangan-pertimbangan seperti sisa, kerumitan teknologi, dan keselamatan yang sering ditonjolkan sebagai alasan untuk mengelakkan sama sekali kegunaan tenaga nuklear. Pertimbangan-pertimbangan tersebut adalah dalam dimensi saintifik dan kejuruteraan yang manusia, sebagai khalifah, perlu tangani dan atasi. Dalam berbuat demikian, pendidikan yang sempurna dan penggunaan pengetahuan yang beretika menjadi penting.  Keywords-nuclear energy;greenhouse gas; renewable energy;ethical energy use; nuclear fuel; uranium; nuclear reactor.

scholarly journals The Status quo, challenges and countermeasures of nuclear power development in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Dai
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Nuclear Power Development ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Status

In China, the proportion of coal in the energy structure is high, and the utilization of coal will cause carbon emission and environmental pollution. Therefore, the adjustment of energy structure and the utilization of new energy has become the focus of China's efforts to comprehensively promote the green development of energy. At present, developing nuclear power has become a key way to break through the bottleneck of new energy power supply and realize economic and ecological benefits. Based on the current situation and existing problems of China's nuclear power industry, this paper puts forward the challenges and measures for the future development of nuclear power.

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