scholarly journals Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion as an Energy Vector: Current Upgrading Development

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2742
Author(s):  
Raquel Iglesias ◽  
Raúl Muñoz ◽  
María Polanco ◽  
Israel Díaz ◽  
Ana Susmozas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vector Current ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Materials Used

The present work reviews the role of biogas as advanced biofuel in the renewable energy system, summarizing the main raw materials used for biogas production and the most common technologies for biogas upgrading and delving into emerging biological methanation processes. In addition, it provides a description of current European legislative framework and the potential biomethane business models as well as the main biogas production issues to be addressed to fully deploy these upgrading technologies. Biomethane could be competitive due to negative or zero waste feedstock prices, and competitive to fossil fuels in the transport sector and power generation if upgrading technologies become cheaper and environmentally sustainable.

scholarly journals The role of biomass to replace fossil fuels in a regional energy system: The case of west Sweden

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kjärstad ◽  
Filip Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction

This paper analyses the potential role of biomass to meet regional CO2 emission reduction targets up to year 2050 in two counties in the west of Sweden. It is concluded that the region could double its production capacity of solid biomass to 2030, from 6 to 12 TWh. Modelling of the electricity sector in the region indicates that bio-based electricity generation in combined heat and power plants could almost triple by 2050 while at the same time replace fossil based generation in district heating. Biomass can also contribute to fuel shift in the transport sector. Yet, the transport sector requires a series of actions to significantly reduce demand in combination with use of electricity and biofuels and its transformation is obviously strongly linked to an overall transformation of the European transport sector. The total need for biomass could potentially increase from 14 TWh in 2010 to 48 TWh already from 2040, considering the electricity and transport sectors and under the assumption that large energy savings can be achieved in the building sector and that all fossil based heat generation can be replaced by biomass heating. Assuming that biomass also replace the fossil based raw materials used by the industry, including three refineries, requires 170 TWh biomass to be compared to the 130 TWh currently used for the entire Sweden.

scholarly journals Stan i perspektywy rozwoju rynku biogazu w UE i Polsce – ujęcie ekonomiczne

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (2) ◽  
pp. 48-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Gostomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Financial Models ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Sustainable Economy ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Materials Used

The agricultural biogas market differs in different European countries. Both in Europe and in Poland, the basic form is the use of biogas to generate electricity and heat. In nine EU countries, the biogas produced is also used in local gas networks and in transport, especially communal. Biogas production can be based on agricultural raw materials (Germany) or the use and processing of all agricultural, industrial and municipal waste (Denmark, Sweden). The aim of this article is to present dynamics and structure of biogas market development, raw materials used and profitability in various legal and financial models. The presented analyzes have concluded that biogas plants could be an important part of the energy market in the future, particularly at the local level and an important part of a sustainable economy.

scholarly journals Biogas equipment for electricity and heating

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Slavica Prvulović ◽  
Jasna Tolmac ◽  
Milica Joksimović ◽  
Dafina Dragičević
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Constituent Elements

The paper gives an example of a biogas plant used for electricity and heat production. First, the role and importance of the biogas plant is presented, then an overview of the raw materials used for biogas production is given, a project of the biogas plant with constituent elements is given, as well as a description of the technological process and elements of the biogas plant. The calculation of biogas consumption for the needs of the power plant of 0.999 MW has also been performed.

scholarly journals Minimization of energy production management consumptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 07013
Author(s):  
I U Rakhmonov ◽  
V Ya Ushakov ◽  
A M Najimova ◽  
D. A. Jalilova ◽  
F B Omonov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The State ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Economic Mechanism ◽  
Control Goal ◽  
Materials Used

The article discusses the issue of organizing management of a constantly operating object distributed in space and developing arbitrarily, while the organization of management should be optimal according to the criterion - the maximum return (income) on the invested funds (equipment) and the raw materials used. An energy system with well-known engineering concepts is used occasionally as an example. Particular attention is paid to the issue of the reliability of such an object, its significance for the state economic mechanism. The article provides a specific sequence for formulating the control goal based on parametric (measuring) information.

scholarly journals Study of regime parameters of the fermenter in the production of biogas from animal liquid waste materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Penka Zlateva ◽  
Angel Terziev ◽  
Krastin Yordanov
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

The focus of the present study is a small biogas power plant for anaerobic fermentation of several types of animal waste raw materials used for biogas production. The impact of some of the characteristics of substances such as composition, temperature, humidity, and pH of the mixture in the bioreactor has been considered. The above is vital for optimizing the fermentation process, and also to improve the biogas production process. The plant is located in Northeastern Bulgaria and the raw liquid manure is supplied by several neighboring small farms. The annual quantities of raw waste are as follows: cow manure - 1252 t / a; chicken manure - 427 t / a and pig manure - 639 t / a. The manure is collected in a preliminary tank and then pumped to the bioreactor. The fermenter itself is a hermetically sealed and thermally insulated tank where constant temperature is maintained. It is equipped with a stirring system, which helps the mixing and homogenization of the substrate. The tests were performed during three charges of the installation. The fermentation takes approximately 23 up to 25 days. The experiments were performed during the summer and autumn seasons when the ambient air temperature varies from 28 to 45 °C. The biogas can be used as an energy carried as the obtained organic fertilizer is suitable for agriculture purposes.

scholarly journals Development of the Agricultural Biogas Market in Poland – Production Volume, Feedstocks, Activities and Behaviours of Farmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 19(34) (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Piwowar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Materials Used

The activity and efficiency of agricultural biogas plants are important issues in the field of low-emission development in rural areas and in agribusiness. The essence of the problems concerns mainly sustainable waste management in agricultural production. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the volume of agricultural biogas production in Poland and the structure of consumption of raw materials used for production of agricultural biogas. The analyses were carried out in the period of 2011–2017. The paper also presents results of empirical research on the agricultural practices as part of the subject area of the development of the agricultural biogas market in Poland. The aim of the questionnaire surveys of agricultural holdings was to obtain information on the use of the biomass from field crops and grasslands for energy purposes and the interest in the development of agricultural production towards the cultivation of energy crops. The results of the analyses were presented in the spatial arrangement of research.

scholarly journals Endangered elements, critical raw materials and conflict minerals

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
Earth Abundant

Amid present concerns over a potential scarcity of critical elements and raw materials that are essential for modern technology, including those for low-carbon energy production, a survey of the present situation, and how it may unfold both in the immediate and the longer term, appears warranted. For elements such as indium, current recycling rates are woefully low, and although a far more effective recycling programme is necessary for most materials, it is likely that a full-scale inauguration of a global renewable energy system will require substitution of many scarcer elements by more Earth-abundant material alternatives. Currently, however, it is fossil fuels that are needed to process them, and many putative Earth-abundant material technologies are insufficiently close to the level of commercial viability required to begin to supplant their fossil fuel equivalents “necessarily rapidly and at scale”. As part of a significant expansion of renewable energy production, it will be necessary to recycle elements from wind turbines and solar panels (especially thin-film cells). The interconnected nature of particular materials, for example, cadmium, gallium, germanium, indium and tellurium, all mainly being recovered from the production of zinc, aluminium and copper, and helium from natural gas, means that the availability of such ‘hitchhiker’ elements is a function of the reserve size and production rate of the primary (or ‘attractor’) material. Even for those elements that are relatively abundant on Earth, limitations in their production rates/supply may well be experienced on a timescale of decades, and so a more efficient (reduced) use of them, coupled with effective collection and recycling strategies, should be embarked upon urgently.

scholarly journals Systems Analysis of Biogas Production—Part I Research Design

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Lindkvist ◽  
Magnus Karlsson ◽  
Jenny Ivner
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
System Development ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
System Resource

Striving towards a resource efficient society requires an adjustment of energy systems towards renewable options. It is also of high importance to make use of products and materials to a higher degree. Biogas production has the potential to recover nutrients and energy from organic by-products, as well as to substitute fossil fuels in the energy system. Resource efficiency relates to the economic, energy and environmental performance of the system studied. A comprehensive research design for assessment of the resource efficiency of biogas production systems is described in this paper. The research design includes the following parts: identification of cases, defining scenarios, system development, evaluation perspectives and systems analysis. The analysis is performed from three perspectives; economy, energy and environment.

scholarly journals A review on biogas production as the alternative source of fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalu Abdullahi Alhassan ◽  
Badamasi Tijjani Abdullahi ◽  
M. Manjur Shah
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
World Population ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Challenges related to energy shortages are increasingly frequent both at the local and global scale due to population growth and the desire for a greater standard of living. The growing demand for oil and natural gas caused by high consumption levels is one of the current major problems faced by the world population. Therefore, new forms of energy generation must be investigated that would eventually allow the diversification of the present energy matrix, which has an almost 90% dependence on fossil fuels the world over. This coupled with long-term economic and environmental concerns have resulted in a great amount of research in the past decades on renewable sources of liquid fuels to replace fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil releases carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a major cause of global warming. It is anticipated that not a single source of alternative energy but a mix of various energy sources and carriers will contribute to the energy system of the future. Among the various sources been explored, biogas offer one of the best alternative options as they present a viable option for improving sustainable development through energy security and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. This paper elaborates on Biogas production as the alternative source of fuel. The paper also studies the importance of Biogas production as a means of reducing problem of power energy, environmental vandalism, loss of resources, climate change and also reduce environmental pollution caused by burning of woods, cars, motorcycle and industrial activities.

scholarly journals Biogas production from kitchen waste acquired from COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus (a pilot study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 5994-5999
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Batch Bioreactor ◽  
Very High ◽  
Microbial Action ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

To reduce human dependence on the mitigation of fossil fuels and climate change require switching to a fully renewable energy system with low or nil associated emission of greenhouse gases. The present study was conducted in CIIT Abbottabad to determine the amount of kitchen waste (K.w) generation, and its subsequent potential for biogas production during anaerobic digestion. Two bio-reactors were operated to estimate the biogas production for cooked and un-cooked (K.w). The (K.w) was quantified into cooked and un-cooked (K.w) category, and for 30 days batch bioreactor was operated to assess the biogas production. The quantity of cooked and un-cooked (K.w) generation was 6~18, and 8~30 kg per day via Salman Firdous, and 8~22, and 12~27 kg per day by Azeem Shehzad cafeteria. Our finding depicted that biogas production was measured higher (40 times) in cooked than un-cooked (K.w). It was also noticed that biogas production was done in three phases i.e. lag, log and steady phase. The higher biogas production is due to the effect of thermal pretreatment during cooking that causes the softening of various organic substrates like hemicelluloses, celluloses, fats and proteins. It acted like a pretreatment and aided in the microbial action which resulted in very high biogas yields from cooked (K.w). Our outcomes were significant to generate renewable energy from (K.w) at institutes level to overcome the energy shortcoming in less developing countries like Pakistan.

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