scholarly journals Efficiency of Solar Shading Devices to Improve Thermal Comfort in a Sports Hall

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3535
Author(s):  
Anna Dudzińska
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Solar Shading ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Shading Devices

Thermal environment in sports facilities is probably one of the most important parameters, determining the safety and performance of athletes. Such facilities, due to the required operating temperature and physical activity of users, are a serious challenge for both investors and administrators, especially in summer. The additional criterion of low energy consumption in extremely airtight and well-insulated passive buildings often results in overheating of the interior, creating considerable economic and operational problems. The significant need to reduce solar gain during periods of high outdoor temperatures for low-energy buildings prompts a variety of design solutions. Sun shading systems, as an indispensable element of glazed surfaces, are designed to control the amount of solar radiation reaching the building interior, at the same time creating a favorable microclimate inside. This article analyzes the effects of sun shading, which have actually been applied and modified on the southern façade of a passive sports hall in Słomniki. Measurements of the thermal conditions in the hall were the starting point, on the basis of which a model of the object was created in the DesignBuilder program. Using simulation analyses, thermal conditions arising with the use of different variants of internal and external shading devices were studied in the program. The results presented in the article show that in a well-insulated hall of large volume, appropriately selected external shading devices are only able to reduce the access of sunlight to the rooms. External brise-soleils are able to limit the access of solar radiation to the rooms by up to 30%, but this is not enough to guarantee internal thermal comfort. Internal blinds do not affect the interior microclimate significantly and do not protect protection from overheating. Momentary differences in PMV values for different patterns of closing the blinds do not exceed 0.2.

scholarly journals Effect of external solar shading usage on energy consumption and thermal comfort in the student dormitory in Niš

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03050
Author(s):  
Dragana Krstić ◽  
Miomir Vasov ◽  
Veliborka Bogdanović ◽  
Marko Ignjatović ◽  
Dušan Ranđelović
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
South Side ◽  
Solar Shading ◽  
Shading Devices

External fixed shadings are largely used to provide solar protection for building glazed surfaces. They are reducing heat gains and sensational visual discomfort caused by excessive daylighting. This paper presents a comparative study on external aluminium fixed shadings used on a student dormitory on different orientations and different slat angles. The purpose is to determine which slat angles are best to use in different orientations, from the point of view of energy consumption, thermal comfort, and daylighting. An analysis of annual energy consumption of the student dormitory was performed by using the software EnergyPlus, whereas the model of the building was created using SketchUp and OpenStudio software. Then, a parametric study was carried out by changing slat angles and building orientations, in order to find the best-balanced results with no occupant discomfort and possible energy savings. Results have shown that by considering the most balanced results between energy savings and thermal comfort, the best angles of the slats are from 105˚ to 120˚ on the south side, and from 45˚ to 75˚ on the east and west sides. By installing external shading devices, indoor thermal conditions are improving and may lead to significant energy savings, compared to a building without shading devices.

Evaluating the Impact of Solar Radiation on Outdoor Thermal Comfort by the Development and Validation of a Simple Urban Climatic Model

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuemei Zhu ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yang Yao ◽  
Zuiliang Ma ◽  
Aya Hagishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Canopy Model

In this paper, in order to predict the outdoor thermal environment, a simple multi-layer canopy model coupled with calculation of outdoor thermal comfort was developed. SET* value was used to estimate the pedestrian level of thermal comfort in the outdoor thermal environment. Preliminary verification of this model using observational data on the outdoor thermal conditions showed good results. In addition, the results show that outdoor thermal comfort is significantly different with air temperature. Except for air temperature, both solar radiation and humidity play important roles on outdoor thermal comfort.

Thermal comfort analysis of a high-speed train cabin considering the solar radiation effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1101-1117
Author(s):  
Lin Yang ◽  
Xiangdong Li ◽  
Jiyuan Tu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Cabin Environment

Due to the fast development of high-speed rail (HSR) around the world, high-speed trains (HSTs) are becoming a strong competitor against airliners in terms of long-distance travel. Compared with airliner cabins, HST cabins have much larger window sizes. When the big windows provide better lighting and view of the scenery, they also have significant effects on the thermal conditions in the cabins due to the solar radiation through them. This study presents a numerical study on the solar radiation on the thermal comfort in a typical HST cabin. The effect of solar radiation was discussed in terms of airflow pattern, temperature distribution and thermal comfort indices. Parametric studies with seven different daytime hours were carried out. The effect of using the roller curtain was also studied. The overall cabin air temperature, especially near passengers, was found to have significantly increased by solar radiation. Passengers sitting next to windows were recorded to have an obvious thermal comfort variation at different hours of the day. To improve the passengers’ comfort and reduce energy consumption during hot weather, the use of a curtain could effectively reduce the solar radiation effect in the cabin environment.

scholarly journals Field Study Of A Radiant Heating System For Sleep Thermal Comfort And Potential Energy Saving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiant Temperature

As sleep is unconscious, the traditional definition of thermal comfort with conscious judgment does not apply. In this thesis sleep thermal comfort is defined as the thermal condition which enables sleep to most efficiently rejuvenate the body and mind. A comfort model was developed to stimulate the respective thermal environment required to achieve the desired body thermal conditions and a new infrared sphere method was developed to measure mean radiant temperature. Existing heating conditions according to building code conditions during sleeping hours was calculated to likely overheat a sleeping person and allowed energy saving potential by reducing nighttime heating set points. Experimenting with existing radiantly and forced air heated residential buildings, it was confirmed that thermal environment was too hot for comfortable sleep and that the infrared sphere method shows promise. With the site data, potential energy savings were calculated and around 10% of energy consumption reduction may be achieved during peak heating.

scholarly journals Application of thermal comfort assessment models to indoor areas near glazed walls – experimental evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-127
Author(s):  
António Manuel Figueiredo Freitas Oliveira ◽  
◽  
Helena Corvacho ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indoor Spaces

In this paper, some of the results of an experimental study are presented. Its purpose was to better understand the impact of glazing on thermal comfort of users of indoor spaces (living and working), especially in the areas near glazed walls. Glazed elements, such as windows and glazed doors, allow visual access to the outdoor environment and the entrance of natural light and solar heat gains but they are often the cause of unwanted heat losses and gains and are disturbing elements in obtaining thermal comfort, both in global terms and in what concerns local discomfort due to radiant asymmetries and/or air draughts. Furthermore, solar radiation directly affecting users in the vicinity of glazing can also cause discomfort. These disturbances are recognized by users, both on cold winter days and on hot summer days. To assess thermal comfort or thermal neutrality of a person in a particular indoor space, it is important to know their location within that space. Thus, in order to adequately assess thermal comfort in the areas near the glazing, the indoor thermal environment must be characterized for this specific location. In this study, two indoor spaces (a classroom and an office-room) of a school building were monitored at different periods of the year. The measurements of the environmental parameters were performed both in the center of the rooms and in the areas near the glazing. Five models of thermal comfort assessment were then applied to the results, in order to compare the comfort conditions between the two studied locations and to evaluate the applicability of these models to the areas close to glazed walls. It was observed there was clearly a greater variability of comfort conditions in the vicinity of the glazed walls when compared to the center of the rooms. The application of thermal comfort assessment models to the two studied rooms was able to reveal the differences between the two compared locations within each space. It was also possible to show the effect of incoming solar radiation and the influence of the geometry of the spaces and of the ratio between glazed area and floor area by comparing the results for both spaces. The assessment model proposed by LNEC (Portuguese National Laboratory of Civil Engineering) proved to be the most adapted to Portuguese users’ habits.

Some evidence of a time-varying thermal perception

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110345
Author(s):  
Marika Vellei ◽  
William O’Brien ◽  
Simon Martinez ◽  
Jérôme Le Dréau
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Human Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Comfort Criteria

Recent research suggests that a time-varying indoor thermal environment can lead to energy savings and contribute to boost buildings' energy flexibility. However, thermal comfort standardization has so far considered thermal comfort criteria as constant throughout the day. In general, very little attention has been given to the ‘ time of day' variable in the context of thermal comfort research. In this paper, we show some evidence of a time-varying thermal perception by using: (1) data from about 10,000 connected Canadian thermostats made available as part of the ‘ Donate Your Data' dataset and (2) about 22,000 samples of complete (objective + ‘ right-here-right-now' subjective) thermal comfort field data from the ASHRAE I and SCATs datasets. We observe that occupants prefer colder thermal conditions at 14:00 and progressively warmer ones in the rest of the day, indistinctively in the morning and evening. Neutral temperature differences between 08:00 and 14:00 and 14:00 and 20:00 are estimated to be of the order of 2°C. We hypothesize that the human circadian rhythm is the cause of this difference. Nevertheless, the results of this study are only based on observational data. Thermal comfort experiments in controlled environmental chambers are required to confirm these findings and to better elucidate the effects of light and circadian timing and their interaction on thermal perception.

Analysis of the influence of cooling jets on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangliang Zhong ◽  
John K Calautit ◽  
Ben R Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
The Spectator

After winning the bid of the FIFA’s World Cup 2022, Qatar is facing the greatest challenges in terms of minimizing substantial energy consumptions for air-conditioning of stadiums and maintaining aero-thermal comfort for both players and spectators inside stadiums. This paper presents the results of temperature distributions and wind environment of the original stadium under the hot-humid climate and improvements on them for optimized scenarios of cooling jets. A combined computational fluid dynamics and building energy simulation approach was used to analyse the cooling performance and energy consumption per match of cooling air jets for 10 scenarios with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and locations of jets. The optimal scenario is to employ vertical jets above the upper tiers at supply temperature of 20°C and velocities of 2–12 m/s, integrated with horizontal jets of the same temperature at the lower tiers with 4 m/s and around the pitch with 7 m/s. This scenario can maintain the spectator tiers at an average temperature of 22°C and reduce the maximum predicted percentage of dissatisfied of thermal comfort from the original 100% to 63% for the pitch and 19% for the tiers, respectively. In terms of the energy consumption for the air-conditioning system per match, compared with one of the 2010 South Africa World Cup stadiums Royal Bafokeng stadium which consumed approximately 22.8 MWh energy for air-conditioning in winter (highest outdoor temperature 24.4°C), the maximum energy consumption of the optimal scenario in November (highest outdoor temperature 34.2°C) can reach 108 MWh. In addition, the spectator zones with scenario 8 have the potential to be resilient to the seasonal change of outdoor temperature if slight modifications of the supply velocities and precise temperature control on the spectator zones are applied. Moreover, the configurations presented in this paper can be used as a foundation of jets arrangement for future stadium retrofits in the hot climates. Practical application: This study assesses the aero-thermal conditions of a case study stadium under the hot climate of Qatar and explores the potential of applying cooling jets with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and their locations on the enhancement of both thermal and wind environment of spectator tiers and pitch. The assessment of the original stadium indicates that the ascending curved roof structure impedes the fresh air entering into the stadium and results in an asymmetric temperature distribution on the spectator tiers. The optimized design suggests a combination of vertical jets under the roof and both three arrays of horizontal jets at lower tiers and around pitch for future stadium optimizations in hot climates. It also recommends enhancing the thermal conditions on the pitch by optimizing the velocity of horizontal jets around the pitch. Moreover, the future design of the exact stadiums to be resilient to the seasonal changing outdoor temperature can be implemented based on scenario 8.

scholarly journals A Study of the Thermal Environment and Air Quality in Hot–Humid Regions during Running Events in Southern Taiwan

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
Si-Yu Yu ◽  
Andreas Matzarakis ◽  
Tzu-Ping Lin
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Southern Taiwan

It is quite difficult to investigate thermal comfort in hot–humid regions, and there have not been many real case studies or research related to this issue. In this article, four running events held in nearby popular travel spots in Kaohsiung, the largest city in southern Taiwan, were selected to analyze the influence of thermal environment and air quality on thermal comfort. Mostly real time environmental monitoring data were applied for estimating thermal indicators, along with Sky View Factor (SVF) data taken at the sites of the running scheduled routes, to analyze the thermal performance of participants at running events. Compared with runners, walkers (local residents, fans, and staff of the events) would be exposed to a greater risk of thermal discomfort with increasing time spent on the routes. With the integrated analysis, mPET (modified physiologically equivalent temperature) can be viewed as a relatively comprehensive indicator in considering both environmental thermal conditions and the biometrical differences of activities and clothing types. From the results, a good correlation between mPET and solar radiation/SVF was obtained, which indicated that mPET could be sufficiently sensible in revealing the thermal condition variation from one site to another during the route with time. Based on the discomfort risk assessment, for runners, the event held in autumn with lower SVF at the route sites would be less risky of thermal discomfort, while the event held in spring with lower solar radiation would be more comfortable for walkers. As for air quality condition, the inappropriateness of holding winter outdoor activities in Kaohsiung was obviously shown in both real time monitoring data and long term analysis.

A Review of the Impact of Vegetation in Solar Control towards Enhanced Thermal Comfort and Energy Performance in Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
Dorcas A. Ayeni ◽  
Olaniyi O. Aluko ◽  
Morisade O. Adegbie
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Solar Control ◽  
The Impact

Man requires a thermal environment that is within the range of his adaptive capacity and if this fluctuates outside the normal, a reaction is required beyond its adaptive capacity which results to health challenges. Therefore, the aim of building design in the tropical region is to minimize the heat gain indoors and enhance evaporative cooling of the occupants of the space so as to achieve thermal comfort. In most cases, the passive technologies are not adequate in moderating indoor climate for human comfort thereby relying on active energy technique to provide the needed comfort for the building users. The need for the use of vegetation as a panacea for achieving comfortable indoor thermal conditions in housing is recognised by architects globally. However, the practice by architects in Nigeria is still at the lower ebb. The thrust of this paper therefore is to examine the impact of vegetation in solar control reducing thermal discomfort in housing thereby enhancing the energy performance of the buildings. Using secondary data, the paper identifies the benefits of vegetation in and around buildings to include improvement of indoor air quality through the aesthetics quality of the environment and concludes that vegetation in and around building will in no small measure contributes to saving energy consumption.

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