Towards a Framework of Operational-Risk Assessment for a Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship

Global research interest in the domain of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) is dramatically increasing. With new prototypes planned to be set to the seas where various operational modes (OMs) are claimed, the issue of the safety evaluation of an MASS, and criteria for selecting the appropriate OM for given conditions remain open questions. This paper proposes a four-step risk-informed framework to assess risk in a scenario for an MASS operating at one of three OMs: manual control (MC), remote control (RC), and autonomous control (AC). To this end, the concept of risk priority numbers (RPNs), adopted from failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), is utilized. The required parameters to defined RPNs are obtained in the course of analyzing a model MASS accident with expert knowledge. The applicability of the proposed framework is demonstrated via a model MASS case study. Results reveal that, in the same scenario, the risk of MASS varied across the analyzed OMs. On the basis of the aggregated results for each operational mode, suggestions for OM switching are put forward.

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Evolution and Issue Patterns for Major-Sport-Event Organizing Committees and Their Stakeholders

Journal of Sport Management ◽

10.1123/jsm.22.2.135 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 135-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Milena M. Parent

Keyword(s):

Committee Member ◽

Hierarchical Level ◽

Issues Management ◽

Operational Mode ◽

Sport Event ◽

Stakeholder Groups ◽

Stakeholder Interests ◽

Pan American ◽

Operational Modes

The purpose of this article is to develop a framework of how organizing committees operationally evolve and the types of issues with which they and their stakeholders must deal. Based on a combination of stakeholder theory and issues management, a case study of the 1999 Pan American Games held in Winnipeg, Canada, was built using archival material and interviews. Three major organizing-committee operational modes emerged: planning, implementation, and wrap-up. Issue categories faced by the organizing committee and its stakeholders included politics, visibility, financial, organizing, relationships, operations, sport, infrastructure, human resources, media, interdependence, participation, and legacy. Issue-category prominence depended on the operational mode and organizing-committee member hierarchical level, such that issues became less strategic and broad as one moved through operational modes or down the hierarchy. Issue categories also differed within stakeholder groups, whereas stakeholder interests (material, political, affiliative, informational, and symbolic) differed between stakeholder groups.

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Growth Characteristics of Activated Sludges Acclimated to para-Nitrophenol in Batch and Continuous Modes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0359 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 327-333

Author(s):

Y. Matsui ◽

F. Yamaguchi ◽

Y. Suwa ◽

Y. Urushigawa

Keyword(s):

Growth Characteristics ◽

The Other ◽

Operational Mode ◽

Continuous Mode ◽

Relative Resistance ◽

Batch Mode ◽

The Given ◽

Operational Modes ◽

Very High ◽

Sensitive Group

Activated sludges were acclimated to p-nitrophenol (PNP) in two operational modes, a batch and a continuous. The operational mode of the PNP acclimation of activated sludges strongly affected the physiological characteristics of predominant microorganisms responsible for PNP degradation. Predominant PNP degraders in the sludge in batch mode (Sludge B) had lower PNP affinity and were relatively insensitive to PNP concentration. Those of the sludge in continuous mode (Sludge C), on the other hand, had very high PNP affinity and were sensitive to PNP. MPN enumeration of PNP degraders in sludge B and C using media with different PNP concentrations (0.05, 0.2,0.5 and 2.0 mM) supported the above results. Medium with 0.2 mM of PNP did not recover PNP degraders in sludge C well, while it recovered PNP degraders in sludge B as well as the medium with 0.05 mM did. When switching from one operational mode to the other, the predominant population in sludge B shifted to the sensitive group, but that of sludge C did not shift at the given loading of PNP, showing relative resistance to inhibitive concentration.

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PROCESSING AND IMAGING OF MARINE SEISMIC DATA FROM THE JEQUITINHONHA BASIN (BAHIA, BRAZIL)

Brazilian Journal of Geophysics ◽

10.22564/rbgf.v33i3.743 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Lourenildo W.B. Leite ◽

J. Mann ◽

Wildney W.S. Vieira

Keyword(s):

Seismic Data ◽

Sedimentary Basins ◽

Study Results ◽

Marine Seismic ◽

Present Case Study

ABSTRACT. The present case study results from a consistent processing and imaging of marine seismic data from a set collected over sedimentary basins of the East Brazilian Atlantic. Our general aim is... RESUMO. O presente artigo resulta de um processamento e imageamento consistentes de dados sísmicos marinhos de levantamento realizado em bacias sedimentares do Atlântico do Nordeste...

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come_NET

10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0013 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Konstantin Aal ◽

Anne Weibert ◽

Kai Schubert ◽

Mary-Ann Sprenger ◽

Thomas Von Rekowski

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Design Process ◽

Participatory Design ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Design And Implementation ◽

Neighborhood Contexts ◽

Study Results ◽

Computer Club ◽

Close Cooperation

The case study presented in this chapter discusses the design and implementation of an online platform, “come_NET,” in the context of intercultural computer clubs in Germany. This tool was built in close cooperation with the children and adult computer club participants. It was designed to foster the sharing of ideas and experiences across distances, support collaboration, and make skills and expertise accessible to others in the local neighborhood contexts. In particular, the participatory-design process involving the children in the computer clubs fostered a profound understanding of the platform structure and functionalities. The study results show how younger children in particular were able to benefit, as the closed nature of the platform enabled them to gather experience as users of social media, but in a safe and controlled environment.

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Optimizing the Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Remote Community Infrastructure

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12062208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 2208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jamie E. Filer ◽

Justin D. Delorit ◽

Andrew J. Hoisington ◽

Steven J. Schuldt

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impacts ◽

Sustainability Assessment ◽

Model Performance ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Remote Communities ◽

Remote Community ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Sustainable Technologies ◽

Study Results

Remote communities such as rural villages, post-disaster housing camps, and military forward operating bases are often located in remote and hostile areas with limited or no access to established infrastructure grids. Operating these communities with conventional assets requires constant resupply, which yields a significant logistical burden, creates negative environmental impacts, and increases costs. For example, a 2000-member isolated village in northern Canada relying on diesel generators required 8.6 million USD of fuel per year and emitted 8500 tons of carbon dioxide. Remote community planners can mitigate these negative impacts by selecting sustainable technologies that minimize resource consumption and emissions. However, the alternatives often come at a higher procurement cost and mobilization requirement. To assist planners with this challenging task, this paper presents the development of a novel infrastructure sustainability assessment model capable of generating optimal tradeoffs between minimizing environmental impacts and minimizing life-cycle costs over the community’s anticipated lifespan. Model performance was evaluated using a case study of a hypothetical 500-person remote military base with 864 feasible infrastructure portfolios and 48 procedural portfolios. The case study results demonstrated the model’s novel capability to assist planners in identifying optimal combinations of infrastructure alternatives that minimize negative sustainability impacts, leading to remote communities that are more self-sufficient with reduced emissions and costs.

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Construction of risk in road safety advertising: a multimodal analysis of Vietnamese child helmet awareness advertisements

Text & Talk - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language Discourse Communication Studies ◽

10.1515/text-2019-0199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Hoang Van Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Road Safety ◽

Expert Knowledge ◽

Multimodal Approach ◽

Traditional Values ◽

Multimodal Analysis ◽

Multimodal Discourse Analysis ◽

Multimodal Discourse ◽

Comprehensive Picture ◽

Media And Communication

AbstractThe discourses of risk serve to organise the ways in which we understand and respond to potential harms and threats, which have become a major concern in our daily life. However, the discourses of risk have not been extensively investigated using linguistic text-based methods on the multimodal level, nor deeply examined beyond Western contexts. Grounded in the literature of risk and multimodal discourse, the aim of the study is to demonstrate Multimodal Discourse Analysis from a Systemic Functional Linguistics perspective as a potential methodology to investigate how risk discourses are constructed in and through semiotic resources in a non-Western setting. Through a case study of child helmet awareness advertisements in Vietnam, the multimodal analysis reveals a comprehensive picture of risk discourses constructed across various semiotic modes. In this analysis, the discourses of risk are constructed through a negotiation of expert knowledge and traditional values to encourage the audience to take actions and provide helmets for their children. Findings of the study demonstrate the use of Systemic Functional multimodal approach to media and communication to provide evidence for risk discourses in the Vietnamese setting, which are at odds with the current literature and can potentially be extended to other contexts.

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Seaports during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Terminal Operators’ Tactical Responses to Disruptions in Maritime Supply Chains

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4339

Author(s):

Marta Mańkowska ◽

Michał Pluciński ◽

Izabela Kotowska ◽

Ludmiła Filina-Dawidowicz

Keyword(s):

Supply Chains ◽

Global Economy ◽

Research Study ◽

Inductive Reasoning ◽

Main Function ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Study Results ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Tactical Decisions

The world-wide crisis caused by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on the global economy functioning and the sustainable development of supply chains. The changes also affected seaports being the key links of maritime supply chains. The purpose of the research study described in this article was to identify the sources and kinds of disruptions observed in various maritime supply chains as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the operations of various types of seaport terminals, namely those serving bulk (universal, specialised) and general cargoes (universal, specialised). An additional purpose was to identify the dependencies between the type of terminal and its main function, and the tactical decisions adopted by the particular terminals. The research was carried out using the multiple-case study method. The study covered some selected port terminals functioning in Polish seaports (Gdańsk, Szczecin, Świnoujście), applying direct, semi-structured in-depth interviews. The analysis of the results was carried out using the inductive reasoning method. The research study has shown that as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic some maritime supply chains ceased to exist, some of them were operating with decreased cargo volumes, while in other cases the transshipment volumes actually rose during the pandemic. Among terminal operators’ tactical responses to disruptions in maritime supply chains, there were pro-active and adaptive measures. Pro-active (offensive) measures included actions taken by an enterprise in order to engage in new maritime supply chains, and even participating in establishing new maritime chains in response to limitations caused by the pandemic. Adaptive (defensive) measures covered actions taken by the port terminals as a consequence of changes in the existing maritime supply chains, caused by the pandemic in the port’s foreland or hinterland. The research study results revealed that the terminals extent of engagement and tactical decisions related to the pandemic were depended on the type of terminal (universal or specialised) and its main function played within a supply chain.

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A Holistic Framework for Evaluating Adaptation Approaches to Coastal Hazards and Sea Level Rise: A Case Study from Imperial Beach, California

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1324

Author(s):

David Revell ◽

Phil King ◽

Jeff Giliam ◽

Juliano Calil ◽

Sarah Jenkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Public Trust ◽

Adaptation Strategy ◽

Public Benefits ◽

Study Results ◽

Local Risk ◽

Over Time

Sea level rise increases community risks from erosion, wave flooding, and tides. Current management typically protects existing development and infrastructure with coastal armoring. These practices ignore long-term impacts to public trust coastal recreation and natural ecosystems. This adaptation framework models physical responses to the public beach and private upland for each adaptation strategy over time, linking physical changes in widths to damages, economic costs, and benefits from beach recreation and nature using low-lying Imperial Beach, California, as a case study. Available coastal hazard models identified community vulnerabilities, and local risk communication engagement prioritized five adaptation approaches—armoring, nourishment, living shorelines, groins, and managed retreat. This framework innovates using replacement cost as a proxy for ecosystem services normally not valued and examines a managed retreat policy approach using a public buyout and rent-back option. Specific methods and economic values used in the analysis need more research and innovation, but the framework provides a scalable methodology to guide coastal adaptation planning everywhere. Case study results suggest that coastal armoring provides the least public benefits over time. Living shoreline approaches show greater public benefits, while managed retreat, implemented sooner, provides the best long-term adaptation strategy to protect community identity and public trust resources.

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Using Design Thinking Principles to Improve Outpatients’ Experiences in Hospital Pharmacies: A Case Study of Two Hospitals in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9070854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 854

Author(s):

Dalia Almaghaslah ◽

Abdulrhman Alsayari ◽

Saleh Ali Alyahya ◽

Rana Alshehri ◽

Khawlah Alqadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Management System ◽

Design Thinking ◽

Queue Management ◽

End User ◽

Study Results ◽

Hospital Pharmacies ◽

Asir Region

Introduction: Design thinking, an innovative problem-solving approach, has gained wide popularity in healthcare disciplines. The aim of this work is to improve outpatients’ experiences in hospital pharmacies in two hospitals in Asir region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The design thinking approach, adopted from Stanford University’s D-School, was used in this study. Results: Several problems were identified: lack of comfortable environment in the pharmacies’ waiting area, lack of a queue management system, and workflow inefficiencies related to ordering and supplies of medicines. A prototype was proposed to overcome these challenges. Discussion and Conclusion: The design thinking approach helped in identifying end-user (patients visiting outpatient pharmacies) values and desires and provided an understanding of their struggles. It also proposed tailored solutions that could improve patients’ experiences while using the services of the outpatient pharmacies.

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Impact of Typhoons on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: A Case Study of Typhoon Mangkhut

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9050543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 543

Author(s):

Jiawen Li ◽

Jingyu Bian ◽

Yuxiang Ma ◽

Yichen Jiang

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Wind Turbines ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Offshore Wind ◽

Offshore Wind Turbine ◽

Motion Response ◽

Offshore Wind Turbines ◽

Floating Offshore Wind Turbines ◽

Coupling Motion

A typhoon is a restrictive factor in the development of floating wind power in China. However, the influences of multistage typhoon wind and waves on offshore wind turbines have not yet been studied. Based on Typhoon Mangkhut, in this study, the characteristics of the motion response and structural loads of an offshore wind turbine are investigated during the travel process. For this purpose, a framework is established and verified for investigating the typhoon-induced effects of offshore wind turbines, including a multistage typhoon wave field and a coupled dynamic model of offshore wind turbines. On this basis, the motion response and structural loads of different stages are calculated and analyzed systematically. The results show that the maximum response does not exactly correspond to the maximum wave or wind stage. Considering only the maximum wave height or wind speed may underestimate the motion response during the traveling process of the typhoon, which has problems in guiding the anti-typhoon design of offshore wind turbines. In addition, the coupling motion between the floating foundation and turbine should be considered in the safety evaluation of the floating offshore wind turbine under typhoon conditions.

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