scholarly journals Possibilities of Limiting Migration of Natural Gas in Boreholes in the Context of Laboratory Studies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4251
Author(s):  
Marcin Kremieniewski ◽  
Rafał Wiśniowski ◽  
Stanisław Stryczek ◽  
Grzegorz Orłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Strength ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Cement Sheath ◽  
Selection Of

Gas migration through fresh and hardened cement slurry is an ongoing problem in the oil industry. In order to eliminate this unfavourable phenomenon, research is being conducted on new compositions of slurries for gas wells. The article presents the results of research for slurries with low and high resistance to gas migration. The proper selection of the quantity and quality of components makes it possible to design slurry with the required static structural strength values. In addition, the cement sheath of such anti-migration slurry has low porosity and a very low proportion of large pore spaces. Additionally, the mechanical parameters do not decrease during long-term deposition in borehole-like conditions. By obtaining these results, it was possible to design slurry whose cement sheath has high corrosion resistance. The new slurry has a lower water-cement ratio. Additionally, GS anti-migration copolymer, anti-filter additive and latex are used. The presence of n-SiO2 aqueous solution and microcement allows for sealing the microstructure of the hardened cement slurry. Such modifications significantly improve the technological parameters of the cement slurry and the cement coat formed from it.

scholarly journals Ultra-Lightweight Cement Slurry to Seal Wellbore of Poor Wellbore Stability

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Kremieniewski
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Sedimentation Stability ◽  
Cement Sheath ◽  
Sheath Structure ◽  
Poor Stability

The article presents the recipe for ultra-lightweight cement slurry for wellbore sealing. In ordinary lightweight cement slurries, the addition of microspheres and a large amount of water are used to maintain rheological parameters. This is a problem because the light particles of microspheres segregate. The cement sheath from such a cement slurry has an anisotropic microstructure and does not stabilize the casing column. In the new ultra-light cement slurry, 60% aluminosilicate microspheres and a large amount of water were used. The ultra-light weight slurry has a density below 1.2 g/cm3. This cement slurry does not segregates and in the sedimentation stability test has the same density at all measuring points. The cement slurry, despite the larger amount of water, has the same filtration as the control sample. The technological parameters of the slurry are adapted to the borehole conditions. Cement slurry is a ready-made application to seal a borehole with poor wellbore stability under conditions of 40 °C and 10 MPa pressure. The cement sheath structure in the wellbore after binding is homogeneous. The use of such slurry allows to reduce the risk of wall damage in wellbores of poor stability.

CURRENT BEST PRACTICES AND BIOBANKING RECOMMENDATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. V. Doludin ◽  
A. L. Borisova ◽  
M. S. Pokrovskaya ◽  
O. V. Stefanyuk ◽  
O. V. Sivakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Preanalytical Phase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Selection Of

The biobank is a structure established with the goal of long-term responsible storage of biological samples and the associated data for their further use in scientific and clinical research. The objectives of biobanking are the creation of unified recommendations on: the planning of premises and the selection of equipment for storage; development of management methods and staff training; standardization of methods for the collection, shipping, processing and storage of biomaterial of various origins, as well as methods for quality control and validation of the applied methods; creation and use of databases of information accompanying biospecimens. The lack of common standards for conducting the preanalytical phase has been the cause of low accuracy and poor reproducibility of research results. To date, a large number of guidelines and best practices have been published that provide an answer to a wide range of problems in organizing the biobanking process. The article provides an overview of the most famous biobanking guidelines that can be used to solve various research problems. Biobanking in Russia is actively developing. Since 1996 there is a work on the legislative regulation of biobanking activities, as a result of which a number of regulatory documents have been issued. An important stage in the development of biobanking in Russia was the establishment of the “National Association of Biobanks and Biobanking Specialists” (NASBio) in 2018, which included representatives of medical and research institutions, commercial firms, and qualified specialists in the field of biobanking. One of the key tasks of NASBio is the adaptation and implementation of the best biobanking practices in Russian research institutes and centers. The use of modern guidelines and best practices on biobanking will lead to an increase in the quality of research and publications.

scholarly journals Recipe of Lightweight Slurry with High Early Strength of the Resultant Cement Sheath

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Kremieniewski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Bonding Time ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Cement Sheath ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Geophysical Measurements

Admixtures of mineral or waste filling materials are used to reduce slurry density. However, the sheath made of lightweight cement slurry has low mechanical performance at the initial bonding time. The required strength is achieved later. This is the main problem when evaluating the cement bond logging. The waiting time for geophysical measurements after injecting and bonding of cement is nowadays increasingly shortened. This is forced by economic factors. Too early geophysical measurements may result in obtaining a false indication of the cement bond logging. The lack of cement or partial bonding, despite the presence of slurry in the annular space is then found. The slurry developed by the author achieves high compressive strength after a short bonding time. Reducing the amount of water in the slurry resulted in a lowered filtration value. This is important in preventing gas migration after the cementing. The designed slurry also reaches the value of 3.5 MPa in a short time. This allows for an earlier commencement of a well drilling. The use of said slurry improves the effectiveness of the well sealing and makes it possible to obtain a reliable knowledge of the bond logging.

Application of Resin-Cement Blend to Prevent Pressure Build-Up in Casing to Casing Annulus CCA: A Novel Approach to Improve Well Integrity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wajid Ali ◽  
Freddy Jose Mata ◽  
Ahmed Atef Hashmi ◽  
Abdullah Saleh Al-Yami
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Well Integrity ◽  
Cement System ◽  
Zonal Isolation ◽  
Primary Cementing ◽  
Cement Sheath

Abstract Assurance of well integrity is critical and important throughout the entire well's life cycle. Pressure build-up between cemented casings annuli has been a major challenge all around the world. Cement is the main element that provides isolation and protection for the well. The cause for pressure build-up in most cases is a compromise of cement sheath integrity that allows fluids to migrate through micro-channels from the formation all the way to the surface. These problems prompt cementing technologists to explore new cementing solutions, to achieve reliable long-term zonal isolation in these extreme conditions by elevating shear bond strength along-with minimal shrinkage. The resin-cement system can be regarded as a novel technology to assure long term zonal isolation. This paper presents case histories to support the efficiency and reliability of the resin-cement system to avoid casing to casing annulus (CCA) pressure build-up. This paper presents lab testing and application of the resin-cement system, where potential high-pressure influx was expected across a water-bearing formation. The resin-cement system was designed to be placed as a tail slurry to provide a better set of mechanical properties in comparison to a conventional slurry. The combined mixture of resin and cement slurry provided all the necessary properties of the desired product. The slurry was batch-mixed to ensure the homogeneity of resin-cement slurry mixture. The cement treatment was performed as designed and met all zonal isolation objectives. Resin-cement’s increased compressive strength, ductility, and enhanced shear bond strength helped to provide a dependable barrier that would help prevent future sustained casing pressure (SCP). The producing performance of a well depends in great part on a good primary cementing job. The success of achieving zonal isolation, which is the main objective of cementing, is mainly attributed to the cement design. The resin-cement system is evolving as a new solution within the industry, replacing conventional cement in many crucial primary cementing applications. This paper highlights the necessary laboratory testing, field execution procedures, and treatment evaluation methods so that this technology can be a key resource for such operations in the future. The paper describes the process used to design the resin-cement system and how its application was significant to the success of the jobs. By keeping adequate strength and flexibility, this new cement system mitigates the risk of cement sheath failure throughout the life of well. It provides a long-term well integrity solution for any well exposed to a high-pressure environment.

scholarly journals Sustaining Community Archives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joanna M A Newman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local History ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Community Archives ◽  
Organisational Structures ◽  
Organisational Factors ◽  
Selection Of

<p>All over New Zealand there are collections of archives, representing the recorded memory of their communities. They play an important role in our heritage and cultural well-being but the quality of care they receive and their accessibility vary greatly, giving rise to concerns about the longevity of some. This research investigates the factors required for maintenance of community archives over the long-term and assesses how well a selection of New Zealand Archives display these factors. A methodological framework for assessing likely sustainability of Community Archives was developed, based on requirements for managing community (or local history) archives documented by United States archivists. Four different Community Archives in New Zealand were then studied and the findings compared. Results show that many of the factors required for maintenance are inter-related and inter-dependent but that, above all, organisational factors have a significant impact on the maintenance of the archival records and the evidential value they contain. Different organisational structures and governance characteristics, and their consequent impact on other factors, indicate that, by addressing these aspects of Community Archives, their sustainability could be greatly enhanced. The study could, therefore, provide guidance for archivists and policy makers in future decision-making relating to Community Archives.</p>

scholarly journals Pharmaco-technological researches for development of sachet composition

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
O. V. Tryhubchak ◽  
S. N. Gureyeva ◽  
O. A. Yuryeva ◽  
А. М. Goy
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Solid Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Sugar Powder ◽  
Selection Of

In the article it is presented data on the relevance of drugs from the group of analgesics-antipyretics in the form of fast dissolving solid dosage forms and excipients for its manufacture are described. The advantages of a sachet as a solid dosage form are described. For developing a sachet with anti-inflammatory properties, the features of active pharmaceutical ingredients interrelation and their physicochemical properties, which determine the technology, are shown. The purpose of this work was to select the excipients for improvement the pharmaco-technological and organoleptic characteristics of the sachet. We studied 27 excipients 5 functional groups. The experiment is based on the Latin cube of the second order. Technology was the mixing of components. The obtained mass was tested twice on pharmaco-technological parameters and the characteristics of the solution. Experimental data were subjected to statistical analysis by the method of dispersion analysis. The results were expressed using ranked rows of benefits and bar charts. The results of the study present the effect of excipients from groups of alkaline and acid fractions, dyes, flavors, fillers on the quality of the sachets. The results of the study show that the different tested excipients show the greatest influence on appearance of the mass, bulk density, density after shrinkage, Carr`s index, fluidity, angle of the slope, mass loss in drying, solution appearance, solution smell, solution taste and pH of the solution. Generalized results of dispersion analysis showed that calcium phosphate, citric anhydrous acid, maleic acid, curcumin, lemon-lime flavor and sugar powder improve the pharmacological-technological and organoleptic characteristics of the studied sachet. In the result of the work, the selection of excipients in the development of a sachet is scientifically substantiated. The influence of the exipiences nature on the pharmaco-technological indicators sachets and organoleptic properties was studied. It was selected the excipients for the optimal sachet composition with anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF COLLECTION NURSERY OF WINTER GARLIC ON ECONOMY VALUABLE SIGNS

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
L. I. Gerasimova ◽  
A. F. Agafonov ◽  
Т. М. Seredin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Laboratory Selection ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Ancient Plants ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Bulk Production

Garlic is one of the most ancient plants which the person turned to himself on advantage. The larger need for production of garlic for consumption and as raw materials for manufacture of medicinal preparations and, at last, just for use by the population as remedy for many diseases and for the preventive purposes led to the fact that bulk production of garlic in the world makes 24,836 million tons, and the area under garlic reached 1,465 million hectares. n Russia the area under garlic on all categories of farms is 28,4 thousand hectares, and production – 256,406 thousand tons. From factors influencing on the increase production of garlic, one of basic is a sort. Selection of garlic includes improvement of local grades, creation new high-yield, steady against diseases and to wreckers of grades, with the increased content of sugars, essential oils and biologically the active materials. Results of long-term researches by laboratory selection of onions cultures (VNIISSOK) on studying, assessment and selection exemplars grades of garlic winter, collected from different regions of Russia and the CIS countries, on a complex of signs are presented in article (winter hardiness, efficiency, to quality of production, resistance to wreckers and diseases).

scholarly journals The use of genetic diversity in apple breeding for scab resistance

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
E. V. Ulyanovskaya ◽  
I. I. Suprun ◽  
S. V. Tokmakov ◽  
K. M. Atabiyev ◽  
E. A. Belenko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Selection Of

The results of a long-term study of the apple tree gene pool ( Malus x domestica Borkh.) in the conditions of southern Russia are presented. The purpose of the study is the formation of the identified collections, the selection of donors and sources of economically valuable traits with recommendations for their use in apple breeding. In the work we used the programs and methods of breeding and sorting, molecular genetic research methods. Valuable for breeding cultivars with immunity to scab ( Rvi6 gene) and high quality of fruits (genes Md-PG1 (AA); Md-Exp7 (198)) were identified: Modi, Stellar, CIVG 98, elite form 29-5-49.

scholarly journals Towards a QoE-Driven Resource Control in LTE and LTE-A Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Gómez ◽  
Javier Lorca ◽  
Raquel García ◽  
Quiliano Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Resource Control ◽  
Data Services ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Lte Advanced ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Selection Of

We propose a novel architecture for providing quality of experience (QoE) awareness to mobile operator networks. In particular, we describe a possible architecture for QoE-driven resource control for long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE-advanced networks, including a selection of KPIs to be monitored in different network elements. We also provide a description and numerical results of the QoE evaluation process for different data services as well as potential use cases that would benefit from the rollout of the proposed framework.

scholarly journals Research and Development of the Composition and Technology Receving of Granules of Omeprazol in the Fluid Bed Apparatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
N. V. Mazova ◽  
A. L. Marchenko ◽  
I. E. Smehova
Keyword(s):  
Feed Rate ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Spherical Form ◽  
Fluid Bed ◽  
Enteric Polymer ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. In this research is devoted to questions of development of structure and technology of granules of an omeprazole. It is established that the most optimal dosage form for medicines of inhibitors of a proton pump is considered to be the tablet with a multiple-unit pellets system (microparticles). In this case of the production of these medicines in the microgranules of a particle are covered with several protective covers. For development of microgranules of an omeprazole is offered the technology of lamination in the fluid bed apparatus.Aim. To receive in the fluid bed apparatus of the microgranules of an omeprazole covered with the enteric cover.Materials and methods. To solve this problem technical characteristics on the granulates of an omeprazole received at various operating modes of the fluid bed apparatus are defined such as form of granules, fractional structure and bulk density are determined by the methods described by the State Pharmacopeia of the XIII edition.Results and discussion. As a result of a research the choice of polymers for layered deposition in the granulation process of a substance of omeprazole is substantiated. Produced selection of enteric polymer of various firms of producers is made for providing a necessary profile of release of an omeprazole in a human body. A copolymer of methacrylic acid – Kollicoat MAE 100 P is chosen. Special attention is paid to receiving the enteric granules of an omeprazole of the correct spherical form with minimum roughness and the improved flowability for further tabletting. For the purpose of receiving granules of an omeprazole of a spherical form selection of an optimum operating mode of the device of a fluid bed apparatus is made for implementation of process of applying the enteric polymer. Following the results of experiments the dependence of quality of fractional structure and appearance of granules of an omeprazole on temperature, pressure and feed rate of polymer is defined. Besides, it is established that the uniformity of application and thickness of a layer of the applied enteric polymer on granules of an omeprazole depend not only on the polymer feed rate, but also on the size of drops of the feed solution.Conclusion. It is established that the quality of the granules of an omeprazole received the enteric polymer was affected by such factors of technological parameters of the fluid bed apparatus as: temperature of the entering air in the apparatus, the air pressure upon a nozzle, air pressure upon a gas-distributing grid of the apparatus, speed of the given polymer, a lot of loading of granules, air temperature of a layer of granules, duration of drying of granules upon termination of process of application of the enteric polymer.

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