scholarly journals Thermoplastic RTM: Impact Properties of Anionically Polymerised Polyamide 6 Composites for Structural Automotive Parts

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5790
Author(s):  
James J. Murray ◽  
Tom Allen ◽  
Simon Bickerton ◽  
Ankur Bajpai ◽  
Klaus Gleich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibre ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Automotive Applications ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact behaviour and post-impact performance of polyamide-6 glass fibre reinforced composites, manufactured by thermoplastic resin transfer moulding. Impact test samples were extracted from quasi-isotropic laminates using two different glass fibre sizings, both with a fibre volume fraction of approximately 52%. A previous study showed that one of these sizings enhanced the interfacial strength and Mode I fracture toughness; however, the effects of the sizing on out-of-plane impact is of greater significance in terms of automotive applications. A drop-weight impact tester was used to determine out-of-plane impact performance for both sizings in terms of impact load-induced and energy returned from the striker. High-speed video of the impact response was simultaneously captured. Testing was carried out at three impact energy levels: two sub-penetration and one full penetration. The impact damage area was observed, and the post-damage compression properties of samples were measured to determine the reduction in their strength and stiffness. Results showed that the use of different sizing technologies had little effect on the post-impact compressive properties and that penetration led to only a 29% drop in compression strength. Overall, the outcomes of this work demonstrate the potential of these materials in automotive applications.

scholarly journals Insulation Characteristics of Sisal Fibre/Epoxy Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shalwan ◽  
M. Alajmi ◽  
A. Alajmi
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Sisal Fibre ◽  
The Impact

Using natural fibres in civil engineering is the aim of many industrial and academics sectors to overcome the impact of synthetic fibres on environments. One of the potential applications of natural fibres composites is to be implemented in insulation components. Thermal behaviour of polymer composites based on natural fibres is recent ongoing research. In this article, thermal characteristics of sisal fibre reinforced epoxy composites are evaluated for treated and untreated fibres considering different volume fractions of 0–30%. The results revealed that the increase in the fibre volume fraction increased the insulation performance of the composites for both treated and untreated fibres. More than 200% insulation rate was achieved at the volume fraction of 20% of treated sisal fibres. Untreated fibres showed about 400% insulation rate; however, it is not recommended to use untreated fibres from mechanical point of view. The results indicated that there is potential of using the developed composites for insulation purposes.

Impact Tests in an Air-Water Mixture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboulghit El Malki Alaoui
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Void Fractions ◽  
Shock Test Machine ◽  
The Impact

Experimental impact tests were performed using a shock machine and aerated water by means of an air-bubble generator. High speed shock test machine allows carrying out tests of impact on water (slamming). This machine permits to stabilise velocity with a maximal error equal to 10% during slamming tests. The air volume fraction in the bubble was measured by optical probe technique. The present work is aimed at quantifying the effects of the aeration on the hydrodynamic loads and pressures during the entry of a rigid body at constant speed in an air-water mixture. The impact tests were conducted with a rigid pyramid for an impact velocity equal to 15 m.s−1 and for two average void fractions, 0,46% and 0,84%. The reduction of the impact force and pressure due to aeration has been confirmed by these experiments.

Full Frontal Crashworthiness of Carbon Fiber Composite Front Bumper Crush Can (FBCC) Structures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Dixit ◽  
P. Begeman ◽  
G. S. Dhaliwal ◽  
G. Newaz ◽  
D. Board ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Carbon Fiber Composite ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Frontal Crash ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
The Impact

This research study highlights the testing method and relevant results for assessing impact performance of a carbon fiber composite front bumper crush can (FBCC) assembly subjected to full frontal crash loading. It becomes extremely important to study the behavior of lightweight composite components under a crash scenario in order to apply them to automotive structures to reduce the overall weight of the vehicle. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) models are extremely important tools to virtually validate the physical testing by assessing the performances of these structures. Due to lack of available studies on carbon fiber composite FBCCs assemblies under the frontal crash scenario, a new component-level test approach would provide assistance to CAE models and better correlation between results can be made. In this study, all the tests were performed by utilizing a sled-on-sled testing method. An extreme care was taken to ensure that there is no bottoming-out force for this type of test while adjusting the impact speed of sled. Full frontal tests on FBCC structures were conducted by utilizing five high-speed cameras (HSCs), several accelerometers and a load wall. Excellent correlation was achieved between video tracking and accelerometers results for time histories of displacement and velocity. The standard deviation and coefficient of variance for the energy absorbed were very low suggesting the repeatability of the full frontal tests. The impact histories of FBCC specimens were consistent and in excellent agreement with respect to each other. Post-impact photographs showed the consistent crushing of composite crush cans and breakage of the bumper beam from middle due to the production of tensile stresses stretched caused by straightening of the bumper curvature after hitting the load wall.

Impact performance of innovative corrugated polystyrene foam for bicycle helmets

2020 ◽  
pp. 0021955X2096521
Author(s):  
Somen K Bhudolia ◽  
Goram Gohel ◽  
Kah Fai Leong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Bicycle Helmets ◽  
Weight Property ◽  
The Impact

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) is a common material used to manufacture the inner foam liner of a bicycle helmet due to its outstanding energy absorption characteristics and light-weight property. The current research presents a novel corrugated expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam design concept which is used to enhance the impact dissipation of bicycle helmets from the safety standpoint to reduce head injuries and make them lighter. The baseline comparison study under impact for different foam configurations is compared with a conventional EPS foam sample without corrugation. Corrugated foam designs under current investigation are 12.5–20% lighter and provide up to 10% higher energy absorption. The details of the novel manufacturing concept, CPSC 1203 helmet impact tests, high-speed camera study to understand the differences in the failure mechanisms are deliberated in this paper.

Axial Impact Performance of Aluminium Thin Cylindrical Tube

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perowansa Paruka ◽  
Waluyo Adi Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Axial Impact ◽  
Cylindrical Structure ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
The Impact

One of the important objectives in this research is investigating the behavior on the cylindrical tube structure via computer simulations. When a thin cylindrical structure is experienced an impact loading, the crushing process on impact can only be observed by a high speed camera. Recording the stress and strain data is also not possible experimentally. A numerical approach implementing finite element method with a dynamic-explicit code is an effective solution to observe the crushing process. A thin cylindrical structure found in aluminium can is modeled. A finite element impact simulation is then performed to observe the crushing process sequence and the stress and strain development history on axial impact employing IMPACT application program. An experimental of thin cylindrical structure on axial impact is conducted. The final crushing pattern after the impact is then compared with that from simulation. The result shows that final crushing pattern is in a good agreement with that shown in experiment. The stress and strain histories can be observed from the simulation.

Experimental Study on Impact Behavior of Flax Fiber Reinforced PP Laminates

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yan Liu ◽  
Yong Liang Han ◽  
Fei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
The Impact

This paper is aiming to research the impact behavior of flax fiber reinforced PP laminates considering the end use of the products. Flax yarn and Polypropylene (PP) filaments were twisted together with three fiber volume fraction 0.45, 0.50 and 0.60 to form the commingled yarns which were woven into fabrics as prepreg with plain and twill structures respectively. The prepregs of different layers were pressed into flax reinforced PP composites in the process of hot-pressing. The laminates with different fiber volume fraction, layer, and woven structure were tested and analyzed respectively aiming at the impact resistibility in succession. SEM micrograph of the impact fracutured surface was observed and analyzed as well. The results reveal that the impact properties of laminates with twill structures are prior to those of laminates with plain structures when other technical parameters are the same. The ability of impact resistibility of flax reinforced PP laminates improves with the increase of the fibre volume fraction, layer amount and impact velocity respectively in this research.

scholarly journals Impact and Post-Impact Performance of Sandwich Wall Boards with GFRP Face Sheets and a Web-Foam Core: The Effects of Impact Location

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Xia ◽  
Xiaoping Li ◽  
Yu Peng ◽  
Mianheng Lai ◽  
Lu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Foam Core ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Sandwich Wall ◽  
Ultimate Loading Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ultimate Loading

In recent years, load-bearing exterior sandwich wall boards have been adopted in civil engineering. The exterior walls of structures are often exposed to low velocity impacts such as stones, tools, and windborne debris, etc. The ultimate loading capacity, deformation, and ductility of sandwich walls are weakened by impact loads. In this study, the sandwich wall boards consisted of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) face sheets and a web-foam core. The core of wall boards was not the isotropic material. There was no doubt that the mechanical performance was seriously influenced by the impact locations. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out an investigation on the impact and post-impact performance of exterior wall boards. A comprehensive testing program was conducted to evaluate the effects of impact locations and impact energies on the maximum contact load, deflection, and contact time. Meanwhile, the compression after impact (CAI) performance of wall boards were also studied. The results indicated that the impact location significantly affects the performance of wall boards. Compared with an un-damaged wall board, the residual ultimate loading capacity of damaged wall boards reduced seriously, which were not larger than 50% of the designed ultimate loading capacity.

An Investigation into the Dependency of Cutting Forces on the Volume Fraction and Fibre Orientation during Machining Composite Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 882 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Fadi Kahwash ◽  
Islam Shyha ◽  
Alireza Maheri
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Forces ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Force Model ◽  
High Dependency

This paper presents an empirical force model quantifying the effect of fibre volume fraction and fibre orientation on the cutting forces during orthogonal cutting of unidirectional composites. Glass fibre plates and high speed steel cutting tools are used to perform orthogonal cutting on shaping machine whereas cutting forces are measured using platform force dynamometer. The analysis of forces shows almost linear dependency of cutting forces on the fibre content for both cutting and thrust forces. High dependency of cutting forces is also observed on fibre orientation with high percentage contribution ratio (up to 95.31%). Lowest forces corresponded to 30o and highest to 90o fibre orientation. Multivariate regression technique is used to construct the empirical model.

Influence of Fibre Type and Fibre Volume Fraction on Dynamic Properties of Slurry Infiltrated Fibre Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Drdlová ◽  
Radek Řídký ◽  
René Čechmánek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Fibre Type ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Fibre Volume Fraction ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Fibre Volume ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Fibre Concrete ◽  
The Impact

The effect of fibre type and fibre amount on physico-mechanical properties of slurry infiltrated fibre concrete (SIFCON) at both quasi-static and dynamic load was evaluated experimentally. SIFCON is a special type of cement-based composite with high fibre volume fraction, extremely strong and ductile. Test specimens were prepared with 7 types of steel fibres (with different shape and mechanical parameters) in four volume fractions (7.5-15 vol. %). High performance fibre-reinforced concrete (HPFRC) has also been cast and tested for comparison purposes. The impact test has been carried out by using an in-house manufactured impact testing machine based on drop test principle. The test results revealed that SIFCON slab with 15 vol. % fibre content exhibits superior energy-absorption characteristics when compared to other slab specimens. Diameter of the fibres plays an important role for both strength and energy absorption capacity of SIFCON - using of low-diameter fibres with higher aspect ratio leads to the best results.

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