scholarly journals Characteristics of Functional Film Synthesized on the Cover Glass of Photovoltaic Modules

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6671
Author(s):  
Seungcheol Yoo ◽  
Changyeon Lee ◽  
Seokwon Lee ◽  
Chulsoo Kim ◽  
Wonseok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Testing Method

In this study, the characteristics of functional films were investigated according to the number of coatings and their heat treatment times. The functional coating films were deposited on glass substrates made of the same material as the cover glass of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Each film was coated once by brushing with a special silica-based solution, and each heat treatment was done using a hot-air fan for 2 min at 300 °C. The substrates were coated once, twice, and thrice, respectively, and were annealed once, twice, and thrice by drying and cooling alternately. The specimens were then analyzed for their anti-pollution properties, contact angles, light transmittance, and mechanical properties. The anti-pollution function was confirmed through a self-cleaning test, while the contact angle and light transmittance were examined using special equipment. Mechanical properties, including hardness and adhesion, were confirmed using the standard hardness testing method (ASTM D3363) such as those using an H-9H, F, HB, or B-6B pencil (Mitsubishi, Japan) and a standard adhesion testing method (ASTM D3359). It was confirmed that the film coated once yielded a very low contact angle of 8.9° and very good anti-pollution properties. Its adhesion and strength also showed high values of 5B and 9H, respectively.

Characteristics of Functional Coating Films on Glass Substrates for Photovoltaic Modules According to the Coating Method Used

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1425-1428
Author(s):  
Ma Minh Trang ◽  
Changyeon Lee ◽  
Jung Hyun Kim ◽  
Young Park ◽  
Yeon-Ho Joung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Coating Method

This study analyzes characteristics of anti-pollution functional coating films on glass substrates for PV modules that were coated using different methods and annealed using hot air fans. For the purpose of this study, antipollution functional coating films were applied on glass substrates made of the same material as the cover glass for PV modules. Each one of the following three coating methods: brushing, fabric and dipping was applied into separate specimens. Afterwards, all the films were rest in room temperature for 20 minutes and then annealed using hot air fans at 300 °C for 2 minutes. Specimens undergone both coating and annealing process were analyzed for their anti-pollution properties, contact angle, optical characteristics and other mechanical properties such as hardness and adhesion. Contact angle was analyzed using a contact-angle analyzer, and light transmittance was analyzed using UV-visible which is capable of utilizing the integrating sphere. Based on the results of this study, the most suitable coating method for hot-fan-annealed film was found. If the coating process proposed in this study is applied to PV modules production, improvement in anti-pollution characteristics as well as energy generation efficiency can be expected.

scholarly journals A Study on the Annealing Ambient Effect on the Anti-Pollution Characteristics of Functional Film for PV Modules

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2285
Author(s):  
Sejin Jung ◽  
Jung Kim ◽  
Jang Ko ◽  
Wonseok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Pollution Characteristics ◽  
Pv Modules

In this study, functional coating film was fabricated on glass for photovoltaic (PV) modules to improve the anti-pollution characteristics of PV modules. The functional coating film applied to a glass substrate through the spray coating method was annealed at 300 °C for 10 min in H2, N2, Ar, O2, and vacuum ambient. The contact angle of the coated surface was measured and it was confirmed that the anti-pollution characteristics were improved as the contact angle decreased. The light transmittance was measured and it exhibited the most excellent characteristics in vacuum. The hardness and adhesion were measured as the mechanical characteristics and they were all excellent regardless of the annealing ambient. Based on the analyzed characteristics, the process conditions of functional coating films were optimized to improve the anti-pollution and mechanical characteristics. If the coating process optimized in this study is applied to PV modules based on these results, improvement in the anti-pollution characteristics can be expected.

Characterization of Anti-Pollution Films by Thickness for Photovoltaic Modules That Can Be Applied in the Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1420-1424
Author(s):  
Changyeon Lee ◽  
Jung Hyun Kim ◽  
Young Park ◽  
Yeon-Ho Joung ◽  
Wonseok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Hot Air

In this study, the characteristics of functional coating films were investigated to improve the anti-pollution properties and efficiency of PV (Photovoltaic) module according to the variation of coating film thickness. Functional coating was applied of a glass substrate, which was composed with the same material as PV module. Brush coating method was used for the coating process. We coated the functional film on the glass substrate 1, 2 and 3 times alternately in the horizontal and vertical directions to change the film thickness, and a hot air fan equipment was used as a heat treatment process for easy application to existing PV modules. The heat treatment process was performed for 2 minutes after the coating process using a hot air fan equipment. After coating and heat treatment, glass substrates were analyzed for the anti-pollution properties, contact angle, optical properties and the mechanical properties such as hardness and adhesion. The anti-pollution properties were identified through self-cleaning test. The contact angle of the functional coating film was measured by a contact angle analyzer, and the optical properties were measured via UV-visible spectroscopy, which can be used as an integrating sphere. The hardness of the functional film was measured by the standard hardness testing method using H-9H, F, HB and B-6B pencil. Also, the adhesion of the functional film was measured by the standard adhesion testing method.

scholarly journals Ecofriendly Preparation and Characterization of a Cassava Starch/Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate Film

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Tan Yi ◽  
Minghui Qi ◽  
Qi Mo ◽  
Lijie Huang ◽  
Hanyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Nano Zno

Composite films of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) were prepared by adding thermoplastic starch (TPS) (TPS/PBAT) and nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) (TPS/PBAT/nano-ZnO). The changes of surface morphology, thermal properties, crystal types and functional groups of starch during plasticization were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, synchronous thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry, mechanical property tests, and contact Angle and transmittance tests. The relationship between the addition of TPS and the tensile strength, transmittance, contact angle, water absorption, and water vapor barrier of the composite film, and the influence of nano-ZnO on the mechanical properties and contact angle of the 10% TPS/PBAT composite film. Experimental results show that, after plasticizing, the crystalline form of starch changed from A-type to V-type, the functional group changed and the lipophilicity increased; the increase of TPS content, the light transmittance and mechanical properties of the composite membrane decreased, while the water vapor transmittance and water absorption increased. The mechanical properties of the composite can be significantly improved by adding nano-ZnO at a lower concentration (optimum content is 1 wt%).

The Technology of Distortion-Free Quenching in a Magnetic Field of Thin-Walled Details of the Ring Form

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Viktor N. Pustovoit ◽  
Yuri V. Dolgachev ◽  
Yu.M. Dombrovskii
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Ring Form ◽  
Ring Shape ◽  
Technical Possibility ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Thin Walled

During heat treatment of machine parts and tools, besides the usual task of ensuring a high complex of mechanical and operational properties, there is a problem of distortion of products in the process of heat treatment and the need for editing operations (which are carried out manually and require significant labor costs). The known methods do not solve the problem of removing distortion for thin-walled parts of the ring shape completely. This paper shows the technical possibility of using the energy of a constant magnetic field for the "internal" straightening of products during heat treatment in the temperature range of super-plasticity of transformation. The use of special equipment makes it possible to eliminate virtually the distortion of thin-walled parts of the ring shape and to improve their mechanical properties.

Optical Transparent and Hydrophobic Properties of TEOS/OTES Hybrid Materials by Sol-Gel Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Usanee Pantulap ◽  
Benjamon Petchareanmongkol ◽  
Waraporn Kaewdang ◽  
Kanit Tapasa
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Commercial Glass ◽  
Gel Processing ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The objective of this project was to develop the hydrophobic film for self-cleaning glasses. The effects of octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) additions to hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) on hydrophobic and optically transparent properties were studied. The film was prepared by sol-gel method from the precursors namely, TESO, OTES, isopropanol alcohol (IPA), and deionized water (DI). The sols for coating were obtained with TEOS/OTES ratio of 50:50 to 99:1. The sols were deposited on a commercial glass and dried at 60oC for an hour. After drying, the film properties were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-VIS Spectrophotometer, x-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), optical microscopy and contact angle meter. It was found that contact angles of the hybrid films increased with the OTES addition, reaching a maximum at 10 wt.%, and the contact angle values were the same as for further addition. The light transmittance was rather stable with increasing amounts of OTES. For the optimized condition, the water contact angle of 108o and light transmittance of 91%, was obtained with TEOS/OTES ratio of 90:10.

scholarly journals Fabrication of a Simultaneous Highly Transparent and Highly Hydrophobic Fibrous Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5565
Author(s):  
Doo-Hyeb Youn ◽  
Kyu-Sung Lee ◽  
Sun-Kyu Jung ◽  
Mangu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Electrospun Fiber ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Aligned Fibers ◽  
Highly Hydrophobic

This paper discusses the fabrication and characterization of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds made of polystyrene (PS). The scaffolds were characterized in terms of their basis material molecular weight, fiber diameter distribution, contact angles, contact angle hysteresis, and transmittance. We propose an aligned electrospun fiber scaffold using an alignment tool (alignment jig) for the fabrication of highly hydrophobic (θW > 125°) and highly transparent (T > 80.0%) films. We fabricated the alignment jig to align the electrospun fibers parallel to each other. The correlation between the water contact angles and surface roughness of the aligned electrospun fibers was investigated. We found that the water contact angle increased as the surface roughness was increased. Therefore, the hydrophobic properties of the aligned electrospun fibers were enhanced by increasing the surface roughness. With the change in the electrospinning mode to produce aligned fibers rather than randomly distributed fibers, the transmittance of the aligned electrospun fibers increased. The increase in the porous area, leading to better light transmittance in comparison to randomly distributed light scattering through the aligned electrospun fibers increased with the fibers. Through the above investigation of electrospinning parameters, we obtained the simultaneous transparent (>80%) and hydrophobic (θW > 140°) electrospun fiber scaffold. The aligned electrospun fibers of PS had a maximum transmittance of 91.8% at the electrospinning time of 10 s. The water contact angle (WCA) of the aligned electrospun fibers increased from 77° to 141° as the deposition time increased from 10 s to 40 s. The aligned fibers deposited at 40 s showed highly hydrophobic characteristics (θW > 140°).

The Application of Calcium Sulfate Whisker in Styrene-Acrylic Emulsions

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 821-824
Author(s):  
Hong Bo Liu ◽  
Ji Hu Wang ◽  
Shao Guo Wen ◽  
Chen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Pencil Hardness ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Whiskers ◽  
Titanium Dioxides ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Whisker ◽  
Dispersing Agents

The styrene-acrylic emulsions were prepared by copolymerization of styrene, acrylic acid and n-butyl acrylate; coatings were achieved by adding calcium sulfate whiskers and titanium dioxides at the presence of dispersing agents and rheological additives. The physical and mechanical properties as well as contact angles of coating films formed on tinplate were characterized in detail. The pencil hardness was slightly decreased; the contact angle was greatly decreased from 69.8o to 12oby adding the calcium sulfate to indicate the hydrophilic coating films may have self-cleaning properties.

Transparent Hydrophobic Fluorocarbon Coatings Fabricated on Regenerated Cellulose Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1534-1538
Author(s):  
Yu Hui Zhang ◽  
Quan Ji ◽  
Yan Fang Hu ◽  
Xi Quan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Sputtering Power ◽  
Static Contact

A series of novel transparent hydrophobic regenerated cellulose (RC) films were coated with a fluorocarbon polymer by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The effect of sputtering power and pressure on the surface morphology, chemical composition, contact angle and visible light transmittance of the coated films were investigated by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angles and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The surface roughness increased as the sputtering power and pressure increased. The fluorocarbon coatings contained four components: -CF3, -CF2-, -CF- and -C-. The relative proportions of the saturated components significantly affected the hydrophobicity of the coatings. After applying a fluorocarbon coating, the static contact angle of the coatings was greater than 90°, and the substrate RC film was transformed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The visible light transmittance was greater than 80% when the roughness of the coating was less than 100 nm. The optimal sputtering conditions used a power between 80 and 150 W, and pressure between 1.0 and 3.0 Pa.

scholarly journals Development of an anti-pollution coating process technology for the application of an on-site PV module

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 332-336
Author(s):  
Sejin Jung ◽  
Wonseok Choi ◽  
Jung Hyun Kim ◽  
Jang Myoun Ko
Keyword(s):  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Pollution Characteristics ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules

This study aimed to apply annealing processes during the coating of photovoltaic (PV) module glasses to PV modules already installed through an easy and simple procedure. Three types of annealing treatments were applied to PV module glasses, i.e., furnace, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and torch. Among these, torch annealing, which can be easily carried out at PV module installation sites, was applied to PV module glasses using different numbers of repetition. Light transmittance, contact angle, anti-pollution characteristics, adhesion and hardness of the functional coating films after using different annealing treatment times and methods were measured, and it was confirmed that these characteristics varied depending on the annealing treatment times and methods. Through this, it was possible to optimize the process conditions that provide excellent anti-pollution characteristics and could be easily utilized at on-site PV modules.

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