DualRing

We present DualRing, a novel ring-form input device that can capture the state and movement of the user's hand and fingers. With two IMU rings attached to the user's thumb and index finger, DualRing can sense not only the absolute hand gesture relative to the ground but also the relative pose and movement among hand segments. To enable natural thumb-to-finger interaction, we develop a high-frequency AC circuit for on-body contact detection. Based on the sensing information of DualRing, we outline the interaction space and divide it into three sub-spaces: within-hand interaction, hand-to-surface interaction, and hand-to-object interaction. By analyzing the accuracy and performance of our system, we demonstrate the informational advantage of DualRing in sensing comprehensive hand gestures compared with single-ring-based solutions. Through the user study, we discovered the interaction space enabled by DualRing is favored by users for its usability, efficiency, and novelty.

The Technology of Distortion-Free Quenching in a Magnetic Field of Thin-Walled Details of the Ring Form

During heat treatment of machine parts and tools, besides the usual task of ensuring a high complex of mechanical and operational properties, there is a problem of distortion of products in the process of heat treatment and the need for editing operations (which are carried out manually and require significant labor costs). The known methods do not solve the problem of removing distortion for thin-walled parts of the ring shape completely. This paper shows the technical possibility of using the energy of a constant magnetic field for the "internal" straightening of products during heat treatment in the temperature range of super-plasticity of transformation. The use of special equipment makes it possible to eliminate virtually the distortion of thin-walled parts of the ring shape and to improve their mechanical properties.

Effect of Water Microsolvation on the Excited-State Proton Transfer of 3-Hydroxyflavone Enclosed in γ-Cyclodextrin

The effect of microsolvation on excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) reaction of 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) and its inclusion complex with γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was studied using computational approaches. From molecular dynamics simulations, two possible inclusion complexes formed by the chromone ring (C-ring, Form I) and the phenyl ring (P-ring, Form II) of 3HF insertion to γ-CD were observed. Form II is likely more stable because of lower fluctuation of 3HF inside the hydrophobic cavity and lower water accessibility to the encapsulated 3HF. Next, the conformation analysis of these models in the ground (S0) and the first excited (S1) states was carried out by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations, respectively, to reveal the photophysical properties of 3HF influenced by the γ-CD. The results show that the intermolecular hydrogen bonding (interHB) between 3HF and γ-CD, and intramolecular hydrogen bonding (intraHB) within 3HF are strengthened in the S1 state confirmed by the shorter interHB and intraHB distances and the red-shift of O–H vibrational modes involving in the ESPT process. The simulated absorption and emission spectra are in good agreement with the experimental data. Significantly, in the S1 state, the keto form of 3HF is stabilized by γ-CD, explaining the increased quantum yield of keto emission of 3HF when complexing with γ-CD in the experiment. In the other word, ESPT of 3HF is more favorable in the γ-CD hydrophobic cavity than in aqueous solution.

Photoactuation of Micromechanical Devices by Photochromic Molecules

Spiropyran doped P(VDF-TrFE) nanocomposite films were spray-coated onto silicon micro-cantilevers. We show that switching the molecules from the closed- to the open-ring form by UV light gives rise to a...

A multi-source co-frequency stimulus method for electroencephalogram (EEG) enhancement

The electroencephalogram (EEG) induced by steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) will contain background noise. Most existing research on this problem uses signal-processing methods to enhance the EEG. The purpose of this paper is to explore another method that can be used to enhance the EEG. We creatively combined motion stimuli with light-flashing stimuli and designed a paradigm in which motion and light-flashing simultaneously will stimulate with the same frequency; this is called multi-source co-frequency stimulus. To avoid the direct stimulus of light-flashing in the human eye and ensure that the composite paradigm provided adequate comfort, the light-flashing pattern was presented in a ring form and the motion stimulus was presented in the center of that ring. Our hypothesis is that when the motion and the light-flashing are simultaneously stimulated with the same frequency, the EEG they induce will be superimposed in some way, and this will enhance the EEG. The multi-source co-frequency stimulus was found to achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), better accuracy, and a higher information transmission rate (ITR) than single stimulus. The experimental results showed that it is feasible to use the method proposed in this study to enhance the EEG.

Possible formation of ring galaxies by torus-shaped magnetic wormholes

We present the hypothesis that some of ring galaxies were formed by relic magnetic torus-shaped wormholes. In the primordial plasma before the recombination magnetic fields of wormholes trap baryons whose energy is smaller than a threshold energy. They work as the Maxwell’s demons collecting baryons from the nearest (horizon size) region and thus forming clumps of baryonic matter which have the same torus-like shapes as wormhole throats. Such clumps may serve as seeds for the formation of ring galaxies and smaller objects having the ring form. Upon the recombination torus-like clumps may decay and merge. Unlike galaxies, such objects may contain less or even no dark matter in halos. However the most stringent feature of such objects is the presence of a large-scale toroidal magnetic field. We show that there are threshold values of magnetic fields which give the upper and lower boundary values for the baryon clumps in such protogalaxies.

(E)-1-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(3-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazine: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis

The stabilized conformation of the title compound, C13H9Cl2N3O2, is similar to that of the isomeric compound (E)-1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazine. The 2,6-dichlorophenyl ring and the nitro-substituted benzene ring form a dihedral angle of 26.25 (16)°. In the crystal, face-to-face π-π stacking interactions along the a-axis direction occur between the centroids of the 2,6-dichlorophenyl ring and the nitro-substituted benzene ring. The molecules are further linked by C—H...O contacts and N—H...O and C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming pairs of hydrogen-bonded molecular layers parallel to (100). The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (22.1%), Cl...H/H...Cl (20.5%), O...H/H...O (19.7%), C...C (11.1%) and C...H/H...C (8.3%) interactions.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-nitrobenzylidene)hydrazine

In the title compound, C13H9Cl2N3O2, the 2,6-dichlorophenyl ring and the nitro-substituted benzene ring form a dihedral angle of 21.16 (14)°. In the crystal, face-to-face π–π stacking interactions occur along the a-axis direction between the centroids of the 2,6-dichlorophenyl ring and the nitro-substituted benzene ring. Furthermore, these molecules show intramolecular N—H...Cl and C—H...O contacts and are linked by intermolecular N—H...O and C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming pairs of hydrogen-bonded molecular layers parallel to (20\overline{2}). The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H...H (23.0%), O...H/H...O (20.1%), Cl...H/H...Cl (19.0%), C...C (11.2%) and H...C/C...H (8.0%) interactions.

Crystal structure of 5-[(benzoyloxy)methyl]-5,6-dihydroxy-4-oxocyclohex-2-en-1-yl benzoate

The crystal structure of the natural product zeylenone, C21H18O7, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure has three chiral centers at positions C1, C5 and C6 of the cyclohexanone ring, but the absolute configuration could not be determined reliably. The methyl benzoate and benzoyloxy substituents at positions C1 and C5 of the cyclohexenone ring are on the same side of the ring with the dihedral angle between their mean planes being 16.25 (10)°. These rings are almost perpendicular to the cyclohexenone ring. The benzoate groups and two hydroxyl groups on the cyclohexenone ring form strong hydrogen bonds to consolidate the crystal structure. In addition, weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds also contribute to the packing of the structure.