scholarly journals Overview of Possibilities of Solar Floating Photovoltaic Systems in the OffShore Industry

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6988
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Em Vo ◽  
Hyeyoung Ko ◽  
Junho Huh ◽  
Namje Park
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Sustainable Aquaculture ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Offshore Industry ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

The demand for energy has rapidly grown around the world. Solar floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems are an efficient solution to solve the issues from nonrenewable energy sources, such as reduction of CO2 emission, limitation of global warming, environmentally friendly, a great innovation in sustainable aquaculture, and a new ecofriendly technique, along with reducing production costs, especially regarding the scarcity of habitable land. A large number of installation projects using FPV technology have been operated in water bodies such as lakes and dams/reservoirs. However, deployment of FPV offshore is still limited because of the existing characteristics of marine/sea environments that are different from onshore, such as wind loads and wave loads. Despite these difficulties, there are several projects that have been installed in some countries and gained many significant achievements. It opened possibilities to apply FPV systems offshore worldwide. In this review, we present a brief overview of FPV systems both onshore and offshore, analyze advantages and disadvantages of offshore FPV systems, and provide an overview of their future.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR LOW-RISE BUILDINGS IN CRIMEA

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
N. V. Tsopa ◽  
A. E. Dikarev
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Crimea

in the article provides a comparative analysis of the development of solar energy in the world, in the European Union, in Russia and in Crimea; the advantages and disadvantages of the use of solar energy, the features of the use of renewable energy sources are considered, the use of solar energy in the Crimea is justified; describes the mechanism of a feasibility study for the use of autonomous power supply for low-rise buildings in Crimea.

scholarly journals Overview of Solar Energy for Aquaculture: The Potential and Future Trends

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6923
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Em Vo ◽  
Hyeyoung Ko ◽  
Jun-Ho Huh ◽  
Namje Park
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Sustainable Aquaculture ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
The World ◽  
Aquaculture Production

The rapid growth of aquaculture production has required a huge power demand, which is estimated to be about 40% of the total energy cost. However, it is possible to reduce this expense using alternatives such as renewable energy (i.e., solar energy) instead of non-renewable energy. Solar energy is one of the cleanest energy sources and is touted as a potential renewable energy source for the world with benefits such as reducing CO2 emissions, reversing global warming by being eco-friendly, and bringing innovation to sustainable aquaculture and potential cost-efficiency for manufacturing. In this review, we present an overview of using non-renewable and renewable energy sources for aquaculture by reviewing several articles and applications of solar energy at many companies in the world. Moreover, this review shows potential and future trends using solar energy for aquaculture.

scholarly journals Pumped Storage Power Plants: The Treasure of Renewable Energy Sector in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4671-4675
Author(s):  
N.Subhashini Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire Nation ◽  
Pumped Storage

Renewable Energy has become an inevitable one in the world of power sector. Especially country like India (the second largest populated) powering the entire nation is not an easy thing. Typically we depend upon conventional energy sources which is to be dissipate at any point of time. Therefore now we are returning back to the pavilion, started using non conventional energy sources like our ancestors. Unlike conventional sources, the nonconventional sources are profuse in nature. These sources will be even more effective when coordination comes into picture. Mostly coordination will be done with wind and solar predominantly. In this paper, we are to reveal about the hidden treasure, the pumped storage power plant (PSP) its advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Reduction of Co2 Emission by using Zeolite 13x in Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3796-3800
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Porous Alumina ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Zeolite 13X ◽  
The World ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

Carbon di oxide is the major contribution gas for greenhouse effect and global warming. Therefore the world is in an urge to control the emission of CO2. The main objective of this research is to reduce the emission of CO2 from the exhaust in the petrol engine. Three way catalytic converter has already been employed in reduction of harmful pollutants such as Hydrocarbons, NOx, CO that causes adverse effect in human being. The CO2 is left freely from the exhaust in the atmosphere, where major composition from the exhaust is occupied by nitrogen and carbon dioxide.Zeolites are micro porous, alumina silicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents and catalysts. They may occur naturally but are also produced industrially on a large scale. The additional arrangement of zeolite 13x inside a wire mesh which is used as additional component next to the catalytic converter. This research focuses on bringing down the level of carbon dioxide through the new devise called “catalytic converter using zeolite13x” which reduces the pollution drastically by absorbing the carbon dioxide and putting it to good use in a constructive manner.So that the emission of CO2 can be controlled.

scholarly journals Review of CO2 emission and reducing methods in maritime transportation

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 6) ◽  
pp. 2073-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Mersin ◽  
İrsad Bayirhan ◽  
Cem Gazioglu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Despite the lowest CO2 emission in terms of payload per unit mile, commercial marine fleet transport is responsible for approximately 1 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions per year and 2.7% of the total global CO2 emission. To keep the world?s surface temperature below critical +2?C, International Maritime Organization works with alternative methods on a ton / mile basis to reduce existing CO2 emissions. In this study, these methods are analyzed and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The future of CO2 emissions was also investigated.

Features of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The World

The level of economic development of entrepreneurship in any country in the world is crucial in increasing the competitiveness of the national economy in the world market of goods and services. The activities of economic entities are the driving force for the sustainable development of regions and their suburban areas, and they also impact the welfare of population. The article dwells on the analysis of scientific approaches to the regulation of economic development of enterprises in suburban areas of the region. The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the regulation of economic development of enterprises in suburban areas of the region. According to the well-known classics of the fundamental economic theory of entrepreneurship development (A. Smith, D. Ricardo, V. Laungard, A. Loria) the peculiarities of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban territories of the region are determined by the possibility of distribution of surplus production, minimum production costs per unit of production, availability of labor resources. In modern economic theory (M. Weber, A. Pre, S.M. Kimelberg, E. Williams, C. Vlachou, O. Iakovidou, J. van Dijk, P. Pellenbarg) the development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region can be determined by institutional, innovation, technological, social, ecological and other features of the economy at the regional, state or world levels. The complex and comprehensive generalization of the features of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas is proposed. There are (1) the type of decision taken by an enterprise to carry out business activities in the relevant suburban area of the region, and (2) the influence of internal and external factors on economic activity. The article argues that large enterprises are guided by more objective decision-making reasons, attaching the most importance to the physical and innovative environment. Medium and small enterprises are mainly focused on getting benefits for the entrepreneur in the short-term time period and location in the nearest geographic area. The attention was paid to the tools of ensuring economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region, taking into account institutional changes in the national economy and the experience of developed countries of the world.

Genotypic Methods for HIV Drug Resistance Monitoring: The Opportunities and Challenges Faced by China

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Zuo ◽  
Ke Peng ◽  
Yihong Hu ◽  
Qinggang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Virological Suppression ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Hiv Drug Resistance ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Project ◽  
Hiv 1

AIDS is a globalized infectious disease. In 2014, UNAIDS launched a global project of “90-90-90” to end the HIV epidemic by 2030. The second and third 90 require 90% of HIV-1 infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and durable virological suppression. However, wide use of ART will greatly increase the emergence and spreading of HIV drug resistance and current HIV drug resistance test (DRT) assays in China are seriously lagging behind, hindering to achieve virological suppression. Therefore, recommending an appropriate HIV DRT method is critical for HIV routine surveillance and prevention in China. In this review, we summarized the current existing HIV drug resistance genotypic testing methods around the world and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of these methods.

scholarly journals Conventional and Alternative Sources of Thermal Energy in the Production of Cement—An Impact on CO2 Emission

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
Karolina Wojtacha-Rychter ◽  
Piotr Kucharski ◽  
Adam Smolinski
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Clinker Production

The article evaluates the reduction of carbon dioxide emission due to the partial substitution of coal with alternative fuels in clinker manufacture. For this purpose, the calculations were performed for seventy waste-derived samples of alternative fuels with variable calorific value and variable share in the fuel mixture. Based on annual clinker production data of the Polish Cement Association and the laboratory analysis of fuels, it was estimated that the direct net CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion alone were 543 Mg of CO2 per hour. By contrast with the full substitution of coal with alternative fuels (including 30% of biomass), the emission ranged from 302 up to 438 Mg of CO2 per hour, depending on fuel properties. A reduction of 70% in the share of fossil fuels resulted in about a 23% decrease in net emissions. It was proved that the increased use of alternative fuels as an additive to the fuel mix is also of economic importance. It was determined that thanks to the combustion of 70% of alternative fuels of calorific value from 15 to 26 MJ/kg, the hourly financial profit gain due to avoided CO2 emission and saved 136 megatons of coal totaled an average of 9718 euros. The results confirmed that the co-incineration of waste in cement kilns can be an effective, long-term way to mitigate carbon emissions and to lower clinker production costs. This paper may constitute a starting point for future research activities and specific case studies in terms of reducing CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 vaccines strategies: a comprehensive review of phase 3 candidates

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos C. Kyriakidis ◽  
Andrés López-Cortés ◽  
Eduardo Vásconez González ◽  
Alejandra Barreto Grimaldos ◽  
Esteban Ortiz Prado
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World

AbstractThe new SARS-CoV-2 virus is an RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family and causes COVID-19 disease. The newly sequenced virus appears to originate in China and rapidly spread throughout the world, becoming a pandemic that, until January 5th, 2021, has caused more than 1,866,000 deaths. Hence, laboratories worldwide are developing an effective vaccine against this disease, which will be essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Currently, there more than 64 vaccine candidates, most of them aiming to induce neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein (S). These antibodies will prevent uptake through the human ACE-2 receptor, thereby limiting viral entrance. Different vaccine platforms are being used for vaccine development, each one presenting several advantages and disadvantages. Thus far, thirteen vaccine candidates are being tested in Phase 3 clinical trials; therefore, it is closer to receiving approval or authorization for large-scale immunizations.

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