scholarly journals Prospects for the Use of Hydrogen in the Armed Forces

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7089
Author(s):  
Andrzej Soboń ◽  
Daniel Słyś ◽  
Mariusz Ruszel ◽  
Alicja Wiącek
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Military Security

The energy security landscape that we envisage in 2050 will be different from that of today. Meeting the future energy needs of the armed forces will be a key challenge, not least for military security. The World Energy Council’s World Energy Scenarios forecast that the world’s population will rise to 10 billion by 2050, which will also necessitate an increase in the size of the armed forces. In this context, energy extraction, distribution, and storage become essential to stabilizing the imbalance between production and demand. Among the available solutions, Power to Hydrogen (P2H) is one of the most appealing options. However, despite the potential, many obstacles currently hinder the development of the P2H market. This article aims to identify and analyse existing barriers to the introduction of P2H technologies that use hydrogen. The holistic approach used, which was based on a literature survey, identified obstacles and possible strategies for overcoming them. The research conducted presents an original research contribution at the level of hydrogen strategies considered in leading countries around the world. The research findings identified unresolved regulatory issues and sources of uncertainty in the armed forces. There is a lack of knowledge in the armed forces of some countries about the process of producing hydrogen energy and its benefits, which raises concerns about the consistency of its exploitation. Negative attitudes towards hydrogen fuel energy can be a significant barrier to its deployment in the armed forces. Possible approaches and solutions have also been proposed to eliminate obstacles and to support decision makers in defining and implementing a strategy for hydrogen as a clean energy carrier. There are decisive and unresolved obstacles to its deployment, not only in the armed forces.

scholarly journals Coping with Energy Poverty: Measurements, Drivers, Impacts, and Solutions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2807
Author(s):  
George E. Halkos ◽  
Eleni-Christina Gkampoura
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Consensual Approach

Energy is required for socioeconomic development, and the world’s energy needs have significantly increased in the last decades. The lack of energy can have severe impacts on a person’s well-being; therefore, energy access should be ensured for everyone in the world. Energy poverty usually refers to a situation where a household cannot be kept adequately warm, but it is a complex issue with many more aspects. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the energy poverty problem, particularly presenting various definitions given in the literature that capture the multi-dimensional nature of the problem and analyzing the different ways of measuring energy poverty (expenditure approach and consensual approach). In addition, the impacts of the problem are identified, including health, socioeconomic, and environmental impacts, as well as the drivers that can worsen energy poverty conditions, such as several household characteristics and various socioeconomic and environmental factors. The situation occurring currently in the world is also presented, including studies that focus on different world regions, and the different solutions that can help address the problem are discussed, including changes to the living environments and the use of new technologies.

Energy Multiplier

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Vucetic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Unlimited Amount

What I invented is a method on how to use gravitational and buoyant forces and generate multiple times more energy than energy is spent. In another words, generated energy is greater then spent energy. Even though this is considered as not possible with today’s scientific knowledge, I have experimentally proved it on miniature prototype I’ve made and tested. The measurement on my miniature prototype shows that generated energy is greater than energy we have to spend in order to produce energy. This method may provide as much energy as we want at any point on Planet Earth. There will be no need to burn gas or any other material in order to produce energy, as it is today. All energy needs anywhere in the World will be provided using this method. Today we use gasoline or other material to burn in order to produce energy. Ultimately, using this method to generate energy pollution and other environmental problems will be significantly reduced or even eliminated. The biggest obstacle with this method is to convince other people to believe that my claim is feasible in practice. Even though, I’ve made and tested prototype to prove my claim, still resistance and disbelieve exist. Reason for disbelieve is that my method violates existing First Law of Thermodynamic and therefore is considered as not possible. The method is very simple, but in order to generate significant amount of energy Multiplier Device must be quite a massive. Size of the Device is in direct proportion with energy wanted to generate. For example, Device should be about 30 feet high and 9 feet in diameter in order to produce about 5000 J/sec, which is to have power about 5kWatts. Yes, I’ve made much smaller Device to prove the feasibility of my method, by measurement and calculation. To make Energy Multiplier Device operational without any energy from outside, the size of the Device must be much greater. How the World will benefit from this project? First, this method of energy generation will allow to produce as much energy as we want at any point on Planet Earth, at least theoretically. Amount of energy produced using this method is in direct proportion with the dimensions. If we are able to make Device with unlimited height, the Device will be able to produce unlimited amount of energy. The method produces 100% clean energy, so the benefits will be: – to eliminate burning any material to produce energy; – to eliminate CO2 generation, main reason for climate change (global warming); – to significantly reduce air pollution, if not eliminate; – to eliminate environmental problems; – To provide enough energy for unlimited use; – to provide energy independence for any entity, Country, State, Household, etc; – other benefits are up to your imaginations. By the way, this project has been selected for oral presentation at World Renewable Energy Congress, Florence, Italy, 19–25 August 2006.

scholarly journals Evolution of forecasts for the world and Russian energy development – a way to respond to economic challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-138
Author(s):  
Vitaliya M. Markova ◽  
Victor N. Churachev
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Energy Forecasting ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Consumption Energy

Based on the analysis of various reports of the large world organizations, the article shows that energy forecasting is an important part of forecasting social development, as it largely determines the development vectors of other sectors of national economy and the world as a whole. The paper gives the description and classification of energy development forecasts, i.e. the description of goals, benchmarks and scenarios, global economic situation during the forecast implementation period, etc. It is shown that many organizations have changed the prerequisites, guidelines and the vision of future energy development over time; as a result, the possible options for the development of world energy have been revised. The major uncertainties in the dynamics have led to the emergence of many forecast options, whereas new developments in the world give rise to new types of forecasts. Changes in the technological and spatial structure of generation, the structure of fuel and energy consumption, energy capacity, regional shifts in energy in the period 2000-2018 were analyzed. Key trends in energy development in Russia and the world were highlighted. It is shown that the conflict between new technologies and the previous energy systems is dampened solely due to the support of clean energy at both national and world economic levels by the major actors of the international community.

World Natural Gas Prospects

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel R. Valais
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Parameters

For a world in search of energy diversification, natural gas is a particularly attractive source. Its abundance and its facility for being substituted for petroleum products over a wide range of uses should certainly mean that it will play a much more important role in filling world energy needs. Nonetheless, many obstacles are hindering its progress. This article outlines the leading technical and economic parameters, which should influence the development of the world gas industry, and the prospects for its production and international trade evolution between now and the end of the century.

THE ISSUES OF NATIONAL SECURITY AND NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT IN THE WORK OF THE WORLD RUSSIAN PEOPLE'S COUNCIL IN THE 1990-S.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Yu.Yu. IERUSALIMSKY ◽  
◽  
A.B. RUDAKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Nuclear Disarmament ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Nuclear Component ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to the study of such an important aspect of the activities of the World Russian People's Council (until 1995 it was called the World Russian Council) in the 90-s of the 20-th century as a discussion of national security issues and nuclear disarmament. At that time, a number of political and public figures actively called for the nuclear disarmament of Russia. Founded in 1993, the World Russian Council called for the Russian Federation to maintain a reasonable balance between reducing the arms race and fighting for the resumption of detente in international relations, on the one hand, and maintaining a powerful nuclear component of the armed forces of the country, on the other. The resolutions of the World Russian Council and the World Russian People's Council on the problems of the new concepts formation of foreign policy and national security of Russia in the context of NATO's eastward movement are analyzed in the article. It also shows the relationship between the provisions of the WRNS on security and nuclear weapons issues with Chapter VIII of the «Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church».

Italy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Coticchia
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
First Century ◽  
Military Interventions ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cold War

Since the end of the bipolar era, Italy has regularly undertaken military interventions around the world, with an average of 8,000 units employed abroad in the twenty-first century. Moreover, Italy is one of the principal contributors to the UN operations. The end of the cold war represented a turning point for Italian defence, allowing for greater military dynamism. Several reforms have been approved, while public opinion changed its view regarding the armed forces. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive perspective of the process of transformation that occurred in post-cold-war Italian defence, looking at the evolution of national strategies, military doctrines, and the structure of forces. After a brief literature review, the study highlights the process of transformation of Italian defeshnce policy since 1989. Through primary and secondary sources, the chapter illustrates the main changes that occurred, the never-ending cold-war legacies, and key challenges.

scholarly journals Synthetic models of hydrogenases based on framework structures containing coordinating P, N-atoms as hydrogen energy electrocatalysts – from molecules to materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1305-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia H. Budnikova ◽  
Vera V. Khrizanforova
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Metal Derivatives ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Metal Doped

AbstractNowadays, hydrogen has become not only an extremely important chemical product but also a promising clean energy carrier for replacing fossil fuels. Production of molecular H2 through electrochemical hydrogen evolution reactions is crucial for the development of clean-energy technologies. The development of economically viable and efficient H2 production/oxidation catalysts is a key step in the creation of H2-based renewable energy infrastructure. Intrinsic limitations of both natural enzymes and synthetic materials have led researchers to explore enzyme-induced catalysts to realize a high current density at a low overpotential. In recent times, highly active widespread numerous electrocatalysts, both homogeneous or heterogeneous (immobilized on the electrode), such as transition metal complexes, heteroatom- or metal-doped nanocarbons, metal-organic frameworks, and other metal derivatives (calix [4] resorcinols, pectates, etc.), which are, to one extent or another, structural or functional analogs of hydrogenases, have been extensively studied as alternatives for Pt-based catalysts, demonstrating prospects for the development of a “hydrogen economy”. This mini-review generalizes some achievements in the field of development of new electrocatalysts for H2 production/oxidation and their application for fuel cells, mainly focuses on the consideration of the catalytic activity of M[P2N2]22+ (M = Ni, Fe) complexes and other nickel structures which have been recently obtained.

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