Risk of Secondary Household Transmission of COVID-19 from Health Care Workers in a Hospital in Spain

Background: Hospital health care workers are at high risk of developing COVID-19 and transmitting the disease to their family upon returning home; the aim here is to estimate the secondary attack rate of COVID-19 in household contacts of health care workers and their transmission risk factors. Material and Methods: COVID-19 cases in the health care workers of an academic hospital in Pamplona, Spain, from 2 March to 26 May 2020, were followed up. The secondary attack rate (SAR) was estimated from cases in household contacts of index cases and their risk factors by Poisson regression. Results: 89 index cases were studied from 99 notified cases in health care workers (89.0%), excluding secondary cases or those who lived alone. Forty-six secondary cases confirmed by the laboratory were found among 326 household contacts, a secondary attack rate of 14.11% (95% CI 10.75–18.31), and 33 household contacts with acute infection symptoms without microbiologic confirmation 10.12% (95% CI 7.30–13.87). Considering all the cases, the secondary attack rate was 27.3 (95% CI 22.75–32.38). Risk factors were the gender and profession of the index case, the number of people living in the household, and the number of persons per bedroom. When the index case health worker used a single room, it had a protective effect, with an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.493 (95% CI 0.246–0.985); Conclusions: The secondary attack rate found among household contacts of health care workers is high. The preventive isolation of health care workers in individual rooms in their house may reduce the transmission in their families.

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Comparison of prevalence and risk factors of somatization between Chinese health care workers and non-health care workers during COVID-19 outbreak

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03294-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiuli Song ◽

Yongjie Zhou ◽

Wenwang Rao ◽

Xiangyang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Care ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Online Survey ◽

Medical Service ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Related Factors ◽

Dimension Score ◽

Care Workers ◽

High Prevalence

Abstract Background This study aimed to compare prevalence and risk factors of somatization (SOM) between health care workers and non-health care workers during COVID-19 outbreak in China. Methods From 14 February to 29 March 2020, an online survey was performed in both 605 health care workers and 1151 non-health care workers. Based on the somatization dimension score of the Symptom Checklist-90, participants were divided into non-SOM group and SOM group. Results Health care workers had higher prevalence rate of SOM (p < 0.001) than non-health care workers, with an OR of 1.70 (95% CI, 1.22–2.36, p = 0.002). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that in non-health care workers, the risk factors of SOM included other ethnicities, insomnia, and suicide, while in health care workers, the risk factors included working 6–8 h per day, and working ≥10 h per day during COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusions Our research suggests that both non-health care workers and health care workers have a relatively high prevalence of somatization. However, the related factors for somatization in both groups are significantly different, showing that medical service-related factors are associated with somatization in health care workers, while demographic and clinical factors are associated with somatization in non-health care workers.

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Nationwide Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies among Four Groups of Primary Health-Care Workers and Their Household Contacts 6 Months after the Initiation of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in France: SeroPRIM Study Protocol

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10070911 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 911

Author(s):

Marie Pouquet ◽

Dorine Decarreaux ◽

Pol Prévot-Monsacré ◽

Corentin Hervé ◽

Andréas Werner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Household Contacts ◽

Primary Health ◽

Care Workers ◽

Natural Protection

Background: The protocol study will focus on the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 achieved by vaccination and/or natural protection as well as the history, symptoms, and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 in four primary health-care workers (PHCWs) and their household contacts in metropolitan France. Methods: Here, we propose a protocol for a nationwide survey to determine the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 achieved by vaccination and/or natural protection in four PHCW populations (general practitioners, pediatricians, pharmacists and assistants, and dentists and assistants) and their household contacts. Participants will be included from June to July 2021 (Phase 1) among PHCW populations located throughout metropolitan France. They will be asked to provide a range of demographic and behavioral information since the first SARS-CoV-2 wave and a self-sampled dried blood spot. Phase 1 will involve also a questionnaire and serological study of PHCWs’ household contacts. Seroprevalence will be estimated using two ELISAs designed to detect specific IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in humoral fluid, and these results will be confirmed using a virus neutralization test. This study will be repeated from November to December 2021 (Phase 2) to evaluate the evolution of immune status achieved by vaccination and/or natural protection of PHCWs and to describe the history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

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Pattern and Risk Factors of Sharp Object Injuries among Health Care Workers in Two Tertiary Hospitals, Al Taif–Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2016-2018

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.031 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raja A. Fadil ◽

Nuha A Abdelmutalab ◽

Sitalnesa A Abdelhafeez ◽

Walid Mazi ◽

Sultan Algamdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Care ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Sharp Object ◽

Care Workers ◽

Tertiary Hospitals

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Results of a Survey of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Amongst Health Care Workers

Scottish Medical Journal ◽

10.1177/003693300004500308 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 84-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S.R. McEwan ◽

N.G. Dewhurst ◽

F. Daly ◽

C.D. Forbes ◽

J.J.F. Belch

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Care ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Royal Infirmary ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽

Risk Factor Prevalence ◽

Care Workers ◽

High Prevalence

Summary analyses of screening data were used to ascertain the cardiovascular risk profile in a sample of health care workers in Scotland. A sample of NHS staff (298 women and 78 men) were screened during visits to Perth Royal Infirmary (PRI) in 1996 and 1997. Comparisons were made within subsets and with previous screening studies. Health care workers have been a neglected component of the workforce for receiving education about risk factors. The high prevalence of smokers found in this sample should be a cause for concern.

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Prevalence and risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus in health care workers at a University Hospital of Recife-PE

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1590/s1413-86702008000600012 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 504-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Eduardo Caetano Brandão Ferreira da Silva ◽

Maria das Graças C. Antas ◽

Armando Monteiro B. Neto ◽

Marcelle Aquino Rabelo ◽

Fábio Lopes de Melo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Care ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

University Hospital ◽

Care Workers

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Closing delivery gaps in the treatment of tuberculosis infection: Lessons from implementation research in Peru

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0247411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0247411

Author(s):

Courtney M. Yuen ◽

Ana Karina Millones ◽

Daniela Puma ◽

Judith Jimenez ◽

Jerome T. Galea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Implementation Research ◽

Health Workers ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽

Household Contacts ◽

Care Cascade ◽

Care Workers ◽

Treatment Support

Background Targeted testing and treatment of TB infection to prevent disease is a pillar of TB elimination. Despite recent global commitments to greatly expand access to preventive treatment for TB infection, there remains a lack of research on how best to expand preventive treatment programs in settings with high TB burdens. Methods We conducted implementation research in Lima, Peru, around a multifaceted intervention to deliver TB preventive treatment to close contacts of all ages, health care workers, and people in congregate settings. Key interventions included use of the interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), specialist support for generalist physicians at primary-level health facilities, and treatment support by community health workers. We applied a convergent mixed methods approach to evaluate feasibility and acceptability based on a care cascade framework. Findings During April 2019-January 2020, we enrolled 1,002 household contacts, 148 non-household contacts, 107 residents and staff of congregate settings, and 357 health care workers. Cumulative completion of the TB preventive care cascade was 34% for contacts <5 years old, 28% for contacts 5–19 years old, 18% for contacts ≥20 years old, 0% for people in congregate settings, and 4% of health care workers. IGRA testing was acceptable to adults exposed to TB. Preventive treatment was acceptable to contacts, but less acceptable to physicians, who frequently had doubts about prescribing preventive treatment for adults. Community-based treatment support was both acceptable and feasible, and periodic home-visits or calls were identified as facilitators of adherence. Conclusions We attempted to close the gap in TB preventive treatment in Peru by expanding preventive services to adult contacts and other risk groups. While suboptimal, care cascade completion for adult contacts was consistent with what has been observed in high-income settings. The major losses in the care cascade occurred in completing evaluations and having doctors prescribe preventive treatment.

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Occupational Risk Factors Among Health Care Workers in Ekiti State, Nigeria

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2016/15936.7329 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Oluwole Ojo Alese

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Care ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Surface Antigen ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Occupational Risk ◽

Occupational Risk Factors ◽

Care Workers

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Secondary Attack Rate of COVID-19 in Non-Household Contacts - A Systematic Review of Global Studies

JOURNAL OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ◽

10.24321/0019.5138.202047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (04) ◽

pp. 97-107

Author(s):

Komal Shah ◽

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Care ◽

Attack Rate ◽

Global Studies ◽

Household Contacts ◽

Care Workers ◽

Prolonged Contact ◽

Data Gaps ◽

Casual Contact ◽

Close Family

Objective: Secondary Attack Rate (SAR) of COVID-19 varies across various populations. We aim to assess global articles reporting SAR in non-household contacts of COVID-19 patients through systematic review approach. Methods: Four databases - MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and EMBASE were systematically searched for retrieval of articles reporting SAR of COVID-19 in various contacts. Initial search provided 436 articles, which through series of evaluation finally yielded 14 articles. Result: Findings suggested that SAR in various contacts varies widely. Substantial number of studies (50%) were from China; however, the two largest studies were from India. Irrespective of type of contacts, overall SAR ranged from 0.55-6%. Highest risk was found from non-household close (family, friends) contacts (2.2-22.31%) followed by casual contact (travel, meal and health-care contacts). In spite of prolonged contact with the patients, SAR was lowest in health-care workers (0-7.3%). Review highlighted that the included studies were suffering from limitations of missing data and continuously evolving operational guidelines. Conclusion: The review showed that studies furnishing SAR data in non-household contacts are limited in number and exact mode of transmission is yet not clear. Six-percent of overall SAR indicates that though the disease is infectious in nature and proper precautions must be taken, not everybody that comes in contact with the index case is infected. However, with greater risk in non-household close contacts, it is important to identify vulnerable population and implement effective preventive strategies in them. Review also indicated serious data gaps in the published literature and stipulated need of more global studies.

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