scholarly journals The Song Dynasty Shipwreck Monitoring and Analysis Using Acoustic Emission Technique

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Dong Zhao ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Lihua Fei
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Acoustic Emission Technique ◽  
Daily Fluctuation ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
The Relationship

The monitoring of acoustic emission (AE) has allowed tracing of the damage in wooden cultural objects exposed to variations in ambient relative humidity (RH). A year-long on-site AE monitoring of the Song Dynasty shipwreck confirmed the usefulness of the technique in tracing climate-induced damage in wood. New coupling material is tested to make it conform to the conservation rules which is non-corrosive to monitoring objects and a reversible operation. As sensitive parameter of wood damage caused by variations RH, the accumulated ringing counting tends to increase with the increase of daily fluctuation of RH (DFRH). In addition, the damage of wooden cultural objects during shrinkage is stronger than that during swelling. The relationship between the probability of AE activity and the daily DFRH is established and it is determined that the daily variation of RH for long-term protection of the Song Dynasty shipwreck should be controlled within 4%, and an early warning will be given if it exceeds 10%.

Neo-Confucian Hermeneutics at Work:Cheng Yi's Philosophical Interpretation of Analects 8.9 and 17.3

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, I discuss the Song 宋 Neo-Confucian Cheng Yi's 程頤 (1033–1107) interpretation of two related controversial passages in the Analects, the recorded sayings of Confucius. The term “neo-Confucianism” was coined by Western scholars to refer to the Confucianism of the period from the Song dynasty to the Ming 明 dynasty (and sometimes through the Qing 清 dynasty). Among Chinese scholars, neo-Confucianism is most commonly referred to as the Learning of Principle (li xue 理學). Although before Cheng Yi and his brother Cheng Hao 程顥 (1032–1085) there were three other philosophers who are normally also regarded as neo-Confucians— Shao Yong 邵雍 (1011–1077), Zhou Dunyi 周敦頤 (1017–1073), and Zhang Zai 張載 (1020–1077)—we can justifiably regard the Cheng brothers as the real founders of neo-Confucianism in the sense that principle becomes the essential philosophical concept for the first time in their works. There is no consensus among scholars as to the relationship between the philosophies of these two brothers. The traditional view regards them as substantially different due to the two different schools of neo-Confucianism that developed from their teachings, the realistic school synthesized by Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130–1200) from the teachings of Cheng Yi and the idealist school culminating in Wang Yangming 王陽明 (1472–1529) from the teachings of ChengHao. I, however, tend to think that the philosophical positions of the two brothers are largely similar. Unfortunately, since Cheng Hao did not live as long as Cheng Yi, there is insufficient material to create a systematic picture of his view of the Analects passages with which this article will deal.

Becoming Chinese Buddhas: Claims to Authority and the Making of Chan Buddhist Identity

T oung Pao ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 357-400
Author(s):  
Kevin Buckelew
Keyword(s):  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Buddhist Literature ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Personal Status ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Buddhist Monasticism

AbstractAccording to many recent scholars, by the Song dynasty Chan Buddhists had come to identify not primarily as meditation experts—following the literal meaning of chan—but rather as full-fledged buddhas. This article pursues a deeper understanding of how, exactly, Chan Buddhists claimed to be buddhas during the eighth through eleventh centuries, a critical period in the formation of Chan identity. It also addresses the relationship between Chan Buddhists’ claims to the personal status of buddhahood, their claims to membership in lineages extending back to the Buddha, and their appeals to doctrines of universal buddhahood. Closely examining Chan Buddhists’ claims to be buddhas helps explain the tradition’s rise to virtually unrivaled elite status in Song-era Buddhist monasticism, and illuminates the emergence of new genres of Chan Buddhist literature—such as “discourse records” (yulu)—that came to be treated with the respect previously reserved for canonical Buddhist scriptures.

A Novel Acoustic Emission Technique to Monitor Damage Evolution in Masonry Structures

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 2461-2464
Author(s):  
Paola Antonaci ◽  
Pietro G. Bocca ◽  
Davide Masera
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Damage Evolution ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Acoustic Emission Technique ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Cyclic Action ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Non Destructive

The aim of this work is to analyse the mechanical response of the masonry specimens under long-term action by means of cyclic tests. To this end laboratory tests were carried out at the Non-Destructive Testing Laboratory of the Politecnico di Torino. The Acoustic Emission technique was employed to assess the damage evolution, and the mechanical properties decay in order to evaluate the extent and the evolution of micro and macro-cracking due to cyclic action until structural collapse in masonry blocks and mortar layers by means of a novel Acoustic Emission analysis technique.

scholarly journals THE STATE, THE GENTRY, AND LOCAL INSTITUTIONS: THE SONG DYNASTY AND LONG-TERM TRENDS FROM TANG TO QING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-182
Author(s):  
Song Chen
Keyword(s):  
Song Dynasty ◽  
The State ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Changes Over Time

Historians have long aspired to see beyond the rise and fall of dynasties to the longue durée and the major changes over time in Chinese society. The five empirically rich and theoretically sophisticated books discussed in this essay all share this goal. While they make distinct contributions, they have in common close attention to the relationships between the state, the elite, and local institutions between the late Tang and Qing periods. Reading them together encourages rethinking the state-and-society issues that historians have been debating for a generation. In this essay, after a brief summary of each book's major contributions, I suggest ways they help us conceptualize the long-term processes of continuity and change from the late Tang to the Qing.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Risk Attitude and Corporate Investment under Output Market Uncertainty: Evidence from The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ninh Le Khuong ◽  
Nghiem Le Tan ◽  
Tho Huynh Huu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to detect the impact of firm managers’ risk attitude on the relationship between the degree of output market uncertainty and firm investment. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between these two aspects for risk-averse managers while there is a positive relationship for risk-loving ones, since they have different utility functions. Based on the findings, this paper proposes recommendations for firm managers to take into account when making investment decisions and long-term business strategies as well.

Financial Folly and Spain’s Black Legend

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Black Legend ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
The Relationship

This epilogue argues that Castile was solvent throughout Philip II's reign. A complex web of contractual obligations designed to ensure repayment governed the relationship between the king and his bankers. The same contracts allowed great flexibility for both the Crown and bankers when liquidity was tight. The risk of potential defaults was not a surprise; their likelihood was priced into the loan contracts. As a consequence, virtually every banking family turned a profit over the long term, while the king benefited from their services to run the largest empire that had yet existed. The epilogue then looks at the economic history version of Spain's Black Legend. The economic history version of the Black Legend emerged from a combination of two narratives: a rich historical tradition analyzing the decline of Spain as an economic and military power from the seventeenth century onward, combined with new institutional analysis highlighting the unconstrained power of the monarch.

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