Neo-Confucian Hermeneutics at Work:Cheng Yi's Philosophical Interpretation of Analects 8.9 and 17.3

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, I discuss the Song 宋 Neo-Confucian Cheng Yi's 程頤 (1033–1107) interpretation of two related controversial passages in the Analects, the recorded sayings of Confucius. The term “neo-Confucianism” was coined by Western scholars to refer to the Confucianism of the period from the Song dynasty to the Ming 明 dynasty (and sometimes through the Qing 清 dynasty). Among Chinese scholars, neo-Confucianism is most commonly referred to as the Learning of Principle (li xue 理學). Although before Cheng Yi and his brother Cheng Hao 程顥 (1032–1085) there were three other philosophers who are normally also regarded as neo-Confucians— Shao Yong 邵雍 (1011–1077), Zhou Dunyi 周敦頤 (1017–1073), and Zhang Zai 張載 (1020–1077)—we can justifiably regard the Cheng brothers as the real founders of neo-Confucianism in the sense that principle becomes the essential philosophical concept for the first time in their works. There is no consensus among scholars as to the relationship between the philosophies of these two brothers. The traditional view regards them as substantially different due to the two different schools of neo-Confucianism that developed from their teachings, the realistic school synthesized by Zhu Xi 朱熹 (1130–1200) from the teachings of Cheng Yi and the idealist school culminating in Wang Yangming 王陽明 (1472–1529) from the teachings of ChengHao. I, however, tend to think that the philosophical positions of the two brothers are largely similar. Unfortunately, since Cheng Hao did not live as long as Cheng Yi, there is insufficient material to create a systematic picture of his view of the Analects passages with which this article will deal.

scholarly journals The specifics of interpretation of the history in the story by A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine»

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
S. V. Sheyanova ◽  
◽  
N. M. Yusupova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: at present the reader’s audience is particularly interested in creative experiments in which the historical fate of the Russian peasantry in the «turning» eras is artistically comprehended. The article is devoted to the study of the problem-thematic range of modern Mordovian historical prose. The subject of analysis is the peculiarity of the reception of the period of collectivization and dekulakization in the story by Erzyan prose writer A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine». Objective: to reveal the features of the artistic reconstruction of the events of the 1930s, the modeling of the relationship between a man and society in the story by A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine».Research materials: the story by A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine». Results and novelty of the research: the historical story « A Wolf Ravine » for the first time becomes the object of scientific understanding and is introduced into the context of Finno-Ugric literary criticism. A. Doronin artistically interprets the real events and circumstances of the resettlement of dispossessed peasants of the Volga region to the uninhabited steppes of Kazakhstan. As a result of the study, we conclude that the actualization of this problem-thematic cluster is due to the creative concept of the historical writer; the individual author’s approach to the reconstruction of historical narrative can be traced in the writer’s desire to realistically reveal the relationship of personality and society in the tragic 1930s; to analyze intentions of people and of the psychological states of the characters. Problems of a sociopolitical nature, actualized in the story, are filled with philosophical, axiological content, and lead to a multi-faceted understanding of the «man and history» problem.

scholarly journals The Song Dynasty Shipwreck Monitoring and Analysis Using Acoustic Emission Technique

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Dong Zhao ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
Lihua Fei
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Acoustic Emission Technique ◽  
Daily Fluctuation ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
The Relationship

The monitoring of acoustic emission (AE) has allowed tracing of the damage in wooden cultural objects exposed to variations in ambient relative humidity (RH). A year-long on-site AE monitoring of the Song Dynasty shipwreck confirmed the usefulness of the technique in tracing climate-induced damage in wood. New coupling material is tested to make it conform to the conservation rules which is non-corrosive to monitoring objects and a reversible operation. As sensitive parameter of wood damage caused by variations RH, the accumulated ringing counting tends to increase with the increase of daily fluctuation of RH (DFRH). In addition, the damage of wooden cultural objects during shrinkage is stronger than that during swelling. The relationship between the probability of AE activity and the daily DFRH is established and it is determined that the daily variation of RH for long-term protection of the Song Dynasty shipwreck should be controlled within 4%, and an early warning will be given if it exceeds 10%.

Becoming Chinese Buddhas: Claims to Authority and the Making of Chan Buddhist Identity

T oung Pao ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 357-400
Author(s):  
Kevin Buckelew
Keyword(s):  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Buddhist Literature ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Personal Status ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Buddhist Monasticism

AbstractAccording to many recent scholars, by the Song dynasty Chan Buddhists had come to identify not primarily as meditation experts—following the literal meaning of chan—but rather as full-fledged buddhas. This article pursues a deeper understanding of how, exactly, Chan Buddhists claimed to be buddhas during the eighth through eleventh centuries, a critical period in the formation of Chan identity. It also addresses the relationship between Chan Buddhists’ claims to the personal status of buddhahood, their claims to membership in lineages extending back to the Buddha, and their appeals to doctrines of universal buddhahood. Closely examining Chan Buddhists’ claims to be buddhas helps explain the tradition’s rise to virtually unrivaled elite status in Song-era Buddhist monasticism, and illuminates the emergence of new genres of Chan Buddhist literature—such as “discourse records” (yulu)—that came to be treated with the respect previously reserved for canonical Buddhist scriptures.

‘Enemy Agents at Work’: A microhistory of the 1954 Adamjee and Karnaphuli riots in East Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
LAYLI UDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Real ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Between March and May 1954, an election and two riots took place in East Pakistan, with far-reaching implications. On 30 May, the prime minister of Pakistan, in a bellicose tone, declared that ‘enemy agents’ and ‘disruptive forces’ were at work and imposed governor's rule for the first time in East Pakistan. The autocratic and high-handed attitude of the Central government in Karachi over the seemingly wayward East Wing was to become a portent of future conflicts between the province and the state, eventually leading to the unmaking of Pakistan in 1971. What precipitated the 1954 crisis? Who were the enemy agents and disruptive forces that the prime minister had alluded to? The reference was to the Bengali labourers in East Pakistan—the main protagonists of the 1954 Karnaphuli Paper Mill and Adamjee Jute Mill riots. These were the most violent industrial riots in the history of United Pakistan, if not the subcontinent. Using sensitive materials obtained from multiple archives, this article dismantles the conventional thesis that these riots were ‘Bengali–Bihari riots’, fanned by the flames of Bengali provincialism at the political level, or events instigated by the Centre to derail the democratic hopes of the Bengali population of Pakistan. A microhistory of the events demonstrates a more complex picture of postcolonial labour formations and solidarities; the relationship between state-led industrialization and refugee rehabilitation, and conflicting visions of sovereignty. This is a story of estrangement between employers and workers over the question of who were the real sovereigns of labour, capital, and Pakistan itself.

scholarly journals Perceptions of A.A. Akhmatova and her works in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Luwei Zou ◽  
Maria V. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Future ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Female Voices ◽  
First Time ◽  
Poetic Culture ◽  
Chinese Public

This thesis is devoted to studying the acceptance extent of A.A. Akhmatova and her works in China. Not enough attention was paid to the acceptance extent of foreign poetess’s works while conducting contemporary studies about Akhmatova. The analyses of Chinese literary works about the Akhmatova poetic heritage and the existing assessments of her poetry are carried out in this thesis for the first time. The author insists that the acceptance of Akhmatova’s works in China goes through several stages. It was in the late 20 century that the Chinese public firstly acquainted with her poems. Yet, the real discovery of her poems occurred only in the 1980s. And at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, there was a genuine Akhmatova study boom, which began to carry out studies about her biographies and early lyrical works. Associating with analyses of foreign studies about her works and taking into account the poetess’s translation strategies of permeating Chinese poems to Russian poetic space, the researchers identified her significant influence on Chinese poetic culture. Attention is also drawn to analyze the comparative works within the framework of the similarity of “female voices” in poetry. This thesis also indicates the future study trend of Akhmatova in China, which will certainly trigger closer interactions and discussions among Chinese scholars who focus on studying the poetess’s heritage.

scholarly journals A.S. Pushkin — N.A. Nekrasov: aspects of dialogical poetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 276-290
Author(s):  
G. Yu. Filippovsky
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Real ◽  
Eugene Onegin ◽  
Epic Poems ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The question of dialogical poetics in the epic texts of A. S. Pushkin and N. A. Nekrasov is considered. Attention is paid to the actual topic of Pushkin’s influences in the epic of Nekrasov. The results of a comparative analysis of the poetics of “Eugene Onegin” by Pushkin and the epic poems of Nekrasov are presented. The question of the continuity of the epic poetics of writers is raised, special attention is paid to the originality of this component of their works. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the aspects of the dialogue poetics of the epic texts of Russian classics are considered for the first time. The relevance of the study is due to the need for new views on the relationship between the epic poetics of Pushkin and Nekrasov. The definitions of the categories of immanent and comparative epic poetics of both creators are given. The author dwells on the function of motives in the epic texts of Pushkin and Nekrasov. It has been proven that it was Nekrasov’s epic that made him the real successor of Pushkin’s genius. A classification of the leading features of the epic poetics of the classics is proposed. The review of existing scientific research on the dialogical poetics of Pushkin and Nekrasov is carried out. The author’s development of the epic typology of their texts is presented. The author’s experience of many years of work on the material of the poetic heritage of Pushkin and Nekrasov is described.

scholarly journals A Brief Analysis of The Influence of Chinese Culture Ceramic on Rococo Art of The West

Humaniora ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Temmy Temmy
Keyword(s):  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Art Appreciation ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Ceramic Art ◽  
Aesthetic Style ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Chinese culture elements accepted for the first time by the Western countries was ceramic and silk. China's silk was found in ancient Greece during the Roman era and since then China has become the “Country of Silk”. Chinese ceramics came to the West a bit later. It was during the Song Dynasty that Western countries started accepting Chinese ceramics, and soon after that Chinese Ceramics had became a new surprise to the Western Countries and had China known as the “Country of Porcelain”. Porcelain as a cultural element is considered not only as material but also as a spirit. When the Europeans came to know the porcelain material, they had gradually been influenced by its spiritual content. Delicateness of ceramic slowly became a widely accepted aesthetic style, added with other factors that shaped the formation of the Rococo style that became very popular in Europe. This article used desk study to analyze and summarize the following three aspects: first, the impact of Chinese ceramic art on Western Rococo art, second, the art appreciation of Rococo art and third, to elaborate the influence of Chinese Ceramic and aesthetic in Western Countries.

Translation – Theory and Practice: A Historical Reader. Edited by Daniel Weissbort and Astradur Eysteinsson. Pp. 672. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Hb. £65. An Anthology of Chinese Discourse on Translation. Edited by Martha P. Y. Cheung. Vol. 1: From the Earliest Times to the Buddhist Project. Pp. 300. Manchester: St Jerome Publishing, 2006. Hb. £45.

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
MATTHEW REYNOLDS
Keyword(s):  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time

Both these anthologies fence in new territory for thoughts about translation to roam. Volume 1 of Martha Cheung's Anthology of Chinese Discourse on Translation – compiled with the help of a large advisory board of Chinese scholars – ranges from Laozi in the sixth century BC to the mid Song dynasty in the twelfth century. Almost all this material is brought into English for the first time. Daniel Weissbort and Astradur Eysteinsson's Historical Reader, again edited with the help of other experts, reaches out to include snippets of ethnography and life-writing alongside the familiar core of St Jerome, Dryden, Pound, Benjamin, et al. Though focused on translation into English, it gives space to German romantic arguments and to French views from the Renaissance and eighteenth century. And, though most concerned with the translation of literature, especially poetry, it also samples the counterpoint tradition of Bible translation, into German as well as English. Best of all, it is truly – as its title announces – an anthology of both Theory and Practice. Many translations (and some of their source texts) are included, in recognition of the obvious but neglected fact that translations themselves often resist or elude the statements criticism and theory make about them; that they are themselves instances of thinking through translation, not just raw material to be thought about. It is a magnificently compendious volume.

Affirmative Action and Leadership Attitudes in Brazilian Women Managers

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gazi Islam ◽  
Sarah E. S. Zilenovsky
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Women Managers ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Preferential Selection ◽  
Justice Perceptions ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

This note examines the relationship between affirmative action (AA) program perceptions and women’s self-ascribed capacity and desire to become leaders. We propose that women who believe that their organization implements a program of preferential selection toward women will experience negative psychological effects leading to lowered self-expectations for leadership, but that this effect will be moderated by their justice perceptions of AA programs. We test this proposition empirically for the first time with a Latin American female sample. Among Brazilian women managers, desire but not self-ascribed capacity to lead was reduced when they believed an AA policy was in place. Both desire’s and capacity’s relationships with belief in an AA policy were moderated by justice perceptions.

Joshua Kates, Essential History: Jacques Derrida and the Development of Deconstruction (Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 2005), 352pp, $29.95 (USD), ISBN 10: 0810123274, ISBN-13: 978-0810123274

Derrida Today ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
Gary Banham
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
The Real ◽  
Northwestern University ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This book promises a ‘radical reappraisal’ (Kates 2005, xv) of Derrida, concentrating particularly on the relationship of Derrida to philosophy, one of the most vexed questions in the reception of his work. The aim of the book is to provide the grounds for this reappraisal through a reinterpretation in particular of two of the major works Derrida published in 1967: Speech and Phenomena and Of Grammatology. However the study of the development of Derrida's work is the real achievement of the book as Kates discusses major works dating from the 1954 study of genesis in Husserl's phenomenology through to the essays on Levinas and Foucault in the early 1960's as part of his story of how Derrida arrived at the writing of the two major works from 1967.

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