scholarly journals Hybridization Assays in Strawberry Tree toward the Identification of Plants Displaying Increased Drought Tolerance

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
João Martins ◽  
Pedro Monteiro ◽  
Glória Pinto ◽  
Jorge Canhoto
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Strawberry Tree

Arbutus unedo L. is a small Ericaceae tree with a circum-Mediterranean distribution. It has a huge ecological impact on southern Europe forests and a great economic importance as a source of phytochemicals with bioactive properties and for fruit production. On the foreseen climate change context, breeding toward drought tolerance is necessary in order to ameliorate plant performance. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the reproduction mechanisms of the strawberry tree, obtain new genetic combinations by hybridization, and select genotypes more tolerant to drought stress. A morphological analysis of flowers and pollen was carried out, and controlled pollinations were performed both in vitro and ex vitro. The very first approach on strawberry tree breeding by means of hybridization is also presented. Several physiological parameters were evaluated on 26 genotypes submitted to a water-deficit regime. Plant behavior under drought greatly varied among genotypes, which showed high phenotype plasticity. Three genotypes that were able to cope with water restriction without compromising net CO2 assimilation were identified as highly tolerant to drought stress. The results obtained elucidate the reproduction mechanisms of the strawberry tree and open the way for a long-term breeding program based on the selection of drought-tolerant plants.

scholarly journals Hybridization Assays in Strawberry Tree Towards the Identification of Plants Displaying Increased Drought Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Martins ◽  
Pedro Monteiro ◽  
Glória Pinto ◽  
Jorge Canhoto
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Strawberry Tree

Arbutus unedo L. is a small Ericaceae tree with a circum-Mediterranean distribution. It has a huge ecological impact on southern Europe forests and a great economic importance, as a source of phytochemicals with bioactive properties and for fruit production. On the foreseen climate change context, breeding towards drought tolerance is necessary in order to ameliorate plant performance. The aim of this work was therefore to study the reproduction mechanisms of strawberry tree, obtain new genetic combinations by hybridization and select genotypes more tolerant to drought stress. A morphological analysis of flowers and pollen was carried out, and controlled pollinations performed both in vitro and ex vitro. The very first approach on strawberry tree breeding by means of hybridization is also presented. Several physiological parameters were evaluated on 26 genotypes submitted to a water deficit regime. Plant behavior under drought greatly varied among genotypes, which showed a high phenotype plasticity. Three genotypes that were able to cope with water restriction without compromising net CO2 assimilation were identified as highly tolerant to drought stress. The results obtained elucidate the reproduction mechanisms of strawberry tree and open the way for a long-term breeding program based on the selection of drought tolerant plants.

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Kurdish Rice Genotypes in Response to PEG-Induced Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4471
Author(s):  
Didar Rahim ◽  
Petr Kalousek ◽  
Nawroz Tahir ◽  
Tomáš Vyhnánek ◽  
Petr Tarkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is productively affected by different environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic stress. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the genetic distinction among Kurdish rice genotypes using the simple sequence repeats (SSRs) molecular markers and to perform in vitro tests to characterize the drought tolerance of six local rice genotypes. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.38 to 0.84 with an average of 0.56. The genetic distance ranged from 0.33 to 0.88. Drought stress had a significant impact (p ≤ 0.05) on callus growth parameters. Enzymatic antioxidant systems were predicted and exhibited a significant variation. The findings revealed that proline levels increase in proportion to polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations. Kalar and Gwll Swr genotypes showed the worst performances in phenotypic and biochemical traits, while Choman and Shawre exhibited the best phenotypic and biochemical performances. A positive and substantial relationship between callus fresh weight (CFW) and callus dry weight (CDW) was found under stressful and optimized conditions. Callus induction (CI) was positively and significantly associated with the catalase activity (CAT) in all stressed treatments. Based on the results for callus growth and the biochemical parameters under stress conditions, a remarkable genotype distinction, based on the tolerance reaction, was noted as follows: PEG resistant > susceptible, Choman > Shawre > White Bazyan > Red Bazyan > Gwll Swr > Kalar. The CI and CAT characteristics were considered as reliable predictors of drought tolerance in rice genotypes.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity of Upland Rice Roots and Their Influence on Rice Growth and Drought Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Pang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Diqiu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Microbial Resources

Among abiotic stresses, drought is one of the most important factors limiting plant growth. To increase their drought tolerance and survival, most plants interact directly with a variety of microbes. Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a rice ecotype that differs from irrigated ecotype rice; it is adapted to both drought-stress and aerobic conditions. However, its root microbial resources have not been explored. We isolated bacteria and fungi from roots of upland rice in Xishuangbanna, China. Four hundred sixty-two endophytic and rhizospheric isolates (337 bacteria and 125 fungi) were distributed. They were distributed among 43 genera on the basis of 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis. Notably, these root microbes differed from irrigated rice root microbes in irrigated environments; for example, members of the Firmicutes phylum were enriched (by 28.54%) in the roots of the upland plants. The plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential of 217 isolates was investigated in vitro. The PGP ability of 17 endophytic and 10 rhizospheric isolates from upland rice roots was evaluated under well-irrigated and drought-stress conditions, and 9 fungal strains increased rice seedling shoot length, shoot and root fresh weight (FW), antioxidant capability, and proline (Pro) and soluble sugar contents. Our work suggests that fungi from upland rice roots can increase plant growth under irrigated and drought-stress conditions and can serve as effective microbial resources for sustainable agricultural production in arid regions.

Results of potato varietieis for drought tolerance in vitro conditoin

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Enkhbold B ◽  
Ninjmaa O ◽  
Nyamgerel Kh
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Screening Experiment ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Potato Plantlet

The laboratory’s experiment conducted at IPAS in 2017. The goal of this study was to evaluate drought stress tolerance of released potato varieties using PEG-6000 in-vitro condition. Middle maturing variety Gala, early maturing Solist and Quarta were used experiment. The objectives were to determine how osmosis pressure affected potato plantlet height, root length, total weight of biomass, and stem diameter using their index comparing to normal condition. The screening experiment used three different treatments. The water stress treatments 0 MPa (control), -0.05 MPa and -0,15 MPa were created by PEG-6000. 6 weeks’ year’s old plantlets were measured by 5 features. The variety Gala showed significant high index by 5 performances among the stressed condition compared to Quarta and Solist. The variety Quarta also showed high performance compared Solist. As a result of this study found out that cultivar Gala more tolerant to drought than Quarta and Solist.

scholarly journals Selection and regeneration of purple sweet potato calli against drought stress simulated by polyethylene glycol

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Widi Sunaryo ◽  
Darnaningsih Darnaningsih ◽  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

Background: Water shortage due to natural and/or technical drought stress, widespread throughout Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi and Kalimantan islands, significantly reduces crop production. The development of varieties tolerant to drought stress is important since it is more effective rather than improving irrigation infrastructure to increase the sweet potato productivity. Methods: Selection and regeneration experiments assessing purple sweet potato callus tolerance of drought stress, simulated by polyethylene glycol (PEG), were conducted to generate new variant plants tolerant of drought stress. Sterile explants (leaf and petiole) generated from previous in vitro culture were inoculated to the Murishage and Skoog (MS) medium containing plant growth regulator combination as treatments to induce calli. The calli were then transferred to half-MS medium containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% PEG as selection agent for drought tolerance. The surviving calli were regenerated in the MS medium containing 0, 0.5, 1 or 1.5 mg l-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The callus formation, growth and survivability during in vitro culture were measured. Results: Calli were successfully formed in almost all media containing 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D ) with the concentration of 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg l-1 and BAP (concentration: 0.5 and 1 mg l-1), but the medium of MS + 2 mg l-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg l-1 BAP resulted in the highest number of induced calli per treatment (mean=11.36), with the percentage of responsive explants standing at around 96%. The higher the concentration of PEG, the lower the number of surviving calli. At 20% PEG, only 54.42% calli survived. There were five plants successfully regenerated from the survived calli at 20% PEG, using MS medium containing 1.5 mg l-1 BAP. Conclusions: The experiment has successfully produced putative drought-tolerant plants by callus screening using PEG as drought-tolerance-selecting agent in purple sweet potato.

scholarly journals Response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars to drought stress under in vitro and field conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham E. M. Zaki ◽  
Khlode S. A. Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), the world’s third most important crop, is frequently thought to be sensitive to moderately sensitive to drought, and yield has fallen considerably over consecutive stress periods. Drought produces a wide range of responses in potato, from physiological alterations to variations in growth rates and yield. Knowledge about these responses is essential for getting a full understanding of drought-tolerance mechanism in potato plants which will help in the identification of drought-tolerant cultivars. Results A set of 21 commercial potato cultivars representing the genetic diversity in the Middle East countries market were screened for drought tolerance by measuring morpho-physiological traits and tuber production under in vitro and field trials. Cultivars were exposed to drought stress ranging from no drought to 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mol L−1 sorbitol in in vitro-based screening and 60, 40 and 20% soil moisture content in field-based screening. Drought stress adversely affected plant growth, yield and cultivars differed for their responses. Shoots and roots fresh weights, root length, surface area of root, no. of roots, no. of leaves, leaf area, plant water content %, K+ content, under in vitro drought treatments and shoots fresh and dry weights, no. of tubers and tuber yield under field drought treatments were examined and all decreased due to drought. The stress tolerance index decreased with increasing drought in examined cultivars; nevertheless, it revealed a degree of tolerance in some of them. Grouping cultivars by cluster analysis for response to drought resulted in: (i) a tolerant group of five cultivars, (ii) a moderately tolerant group of 11 cultivars, and (iii) a sensitive group of five cultivars. Furthermore, stress-related genes, i.e., DRO, ERECTA, ERF, DREB and StMYB were up-regulated in the five cultivars of the tolerant group. Likewise, the stomatal conductance and transpiration explained high correlation with the tuber yield in this group of cultivars. Conclusion The diversity in germplasm indicated that potato cultivars can be developed for production under certain degrees of drought. Some cultivars are good candidates to be included in drought-tolerant breeding programs and recommended for cultivation in drought-stricken regions. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals In vitro response of three contrasting cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties to mannitol-induced drought stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Okanlawon Lekan Jolayemi ◽  
Jelili Titilola Opabode ◽  
Gueye Badara
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Mannitol Concentration ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Abstract In vitro selection of drought-tolerant cassava varieties is essential for rapid breeding for drought tolerance. The objectives of this study were to determine the response of three contrasting cassava varieties to mannitol-induced drought stress to establish its suitability for in vitro screening and examine relationships among growth parameters. Plantlets were raised from nodal segments on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g/l mannitol. Variety CH 140 had the highest survival of explants and frequency of root formation, while MV 99/0395 recorded the highest number of chlorotic leaves and the lowest survival of explants. The lowest numbers of leaves were produced at 25 and 30 g/l mannitol by the three varieties. In CH 140, the highest number of leaves was produced in medium free of mannitol, while the highest number of leaves was produced at 5 and 10 g/l mannitol in MV 99/0395 and TMS 01/1206, respectively. In TMS 01/1206, number of roots produced decreased as the concentration of mannitol in culture media increased, whereas in CH140, number of roots increased as the concentration of mannitol increased before decreasing; while in MV 99/0395, number of roots was not affected by an increase in mannitol concentration. As the concentration of mannitol in the culture media increased shoot height of plantlets decreased with a sharp decline at 20 mg/l mannitol. Concentration of mannitol and survival of explants had significant negative correlation with all parameters. However, frequency of root formation only had significant positive correlation with shoot length. The study concluded that differential responses were expressed by the three varieties to mannitol-induced drought stress and mannitol at 20 g/l concentration was a suitable in vitro drought inducing-agent for screening cassava varieties for drought tolerance.

scholarly journals The Role of the Plant Antioxidant System in Drought Tolerance

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Laxa ◽  
Michael Liebthal ◽  
Wilena Telman ◽  
Kamel Chibani ◽  
Karl-Josef Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Regulatory State ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Thiol Redox ◽  
And Function

Water deficiency compromises plant performance and yield in many habitats and in agriculture. In addition to survival of the acute drought stress period which depends on plant-genotype-specific characteristics, stress intensity and duration, also the speed and efficiency of recovery determine plant performance. Drought-induced deregulation of metabolism enhances generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) which in turn affect the redox regulatory state of the cell. Strong correlative and analytical evidence assigns a major role in drought tolerance to the redox regulatory and antioxidant system. This review compiles current knowledge on the response and function of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide under drought stress in various species and drought stress regimes. The meta-analysis of reported changes in transcript and protein amounts, and activities of components of the antioxidant and redox network support the tentative conclusion that drought tolerance is more tightly linked to up-regulated ascorbate-dependent antioxidant activity than to the response of the thiol-redox regulatory network. The significance of the antioxidant system in surviving severe phases of dehydration is further supported by the strong antioxidant system usually encountered in resurrection plants.

scholarly journals Drought tolerance selection of GT1 rubber seedlings with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SYARIFAH AINI PASARIBU ◽  
Mohammad Basyuni ◽  
EDISON PURBA ◽  
YAYA HASANAH
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Osmotic Solution

Abstract. Pasaribu SA, Basyuni M, Purba E, Hasanah Y. 2021. Drought tolerance selection of GT1 rubber seedlings with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. Biodiversitas 22: 394-400. Tolerance of the rootstock of rubber to drought stress is not optimal. The root system can therefore be used as an indicator of drought tolerance to inhibit the growth of the plant. A good root system of rubber rootstocks is thought to help the plants acquire greater resistance to drought stress. Polyethylene glycol 6000 osmotic solution controls the water potential in the growing medium. This study aimed to analyze the effect of PEG 6000 osmotic solution (0%; 7.5%; and 15% concentration) on rubber seedlings leading to the development of morphological characters and sensitivity index. GT1 (Gondang Tapen 1) rubber seeds to be used as planting material were collected from the seed source garden of PT Socfin Indonesia. The study was carried out from January to February 2019, using a non-factorial randomized block design. The morphological characters observed were tapped root length, shoot height, the increased rate of taproot length, shoot height increase rate, ratio of taproot length, and shoot height. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, discriminant, and drought stress sensitivity index. The results showed that the addition of PEG 6000 in planting media in vitro significantly influenced the character of the rate of increase of taproot length. The sensitivity index of taproot increase rate and the ratio of taproot length and shoot height was moderate at 7.5% levely contrast, the addition of PEG 6000 in planting media in vitro did not significantly impact it. The present study suggested that the rate of increase of taproot length was a distinguishing character showing the initial tolerance level of the GT1 seedlings to drought.

scholarly journals Drought Affected Wheat Production in Bangladesh and Breeding Strategies for Drought Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsana Hannan ◽  
Md. Najmol Hoque ◽  
Lutful Hassan ◽  
Arif Hasan Khan Robin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Wheat is one of the major cereal crops in Bangladesh. Over the last two decades, wheat consumption has passionately amplified in Bangladesh but its production has declined due to various stress environments. Recurrent drought event due to climate change that threatens the country’s food safety has become a serious concern. To safeguard the food security, adopting suitable breeding strategies can add momentum. Developing drought tolerant wheat varieties are the definitive means of protecting the crop against hostile effects of drought. Plant breeders are exploring various breeding strategies to breed for the varieties that can cope with water deficient conditions well. Besides, breeders are consistently looking for new prospects and strategies that can boost genetic gain in yield. To endorse drought tolerance in wheat, understanding the physiological and genetic adaptation mechanisms of wheat cultivars during drought stress would provide the estimated benchmarks to adjust for suitable breeding programs. The efforts of developing drought tolerant wheat genotypes could be supported by different breeding strategies including in vitro haploid and double haploid protocols, polyploidization, development of various types of hybrids and induced mutants by utilizing both classical and molecular breeding techniques. The proposed book chapter shall discuss the pattern of drought-stress in the wheat growing regions, effects of drought stress on wheat production and suitable breeding strategies for developing drought tolerant genotypes in Bangladesh.

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